Biofiltration for air pollution control

Abstract

Introduction Air Pollution Legislation Types of Waste Gas Treatment Historical Review of Biofiltration Biofiltration Marketplace Biofilter Terminology Additional Biofiltration Resources Conclusions Mechanisms of Biofiltration Introduction Gas Transfer The Water Phase Adsorbed Contaminants Contaminant Biodegradation Product Generation Heat Generation Conclusions Biofilter Media Introduction Criteria for the Choice of an Optimum Biofilter Medium Materials Used for Biofilter Media Description of Selected Biofilter Media Controlling Factors and Operation of Biofilters Introduction Water Content Temperature Medium pH and Alkalinity Nutrients Contaminant Load and Surface Load Oxygen Limitation Air Flow Direction Dust and Grease Extreme Biofilters Microbial Ecology of Biofiltration Introduction Microbial Species in Biofilters Substrate Utilization The Microbial Community' Biomass Clogging Microbial Observation of Biofilters Conclusions Modeling Biofiltration Introduction The Challenge of Modeling Biofiltration Biofilm Models Ottengraf's Model Devinny and Hodge Model Shareefdeen et al. Model Shareefdeen and Baltzis Model With Patches of Biomass Deshusses et al. Model QSAR Models Choi et al. Model Johnson and Deshusses Model Govind et al. Model Summary Design of Biofilters Introduction Experimental Protocol for Assessing Biofilter Technology Design of Full-Scale Biofilters Costs and Economic Consideration Conclusions Biofilter Startup and Monitoring Startup Monitoring Air Load Contaminants Medium Characteristics Water Content Temperature Medium Permeability Biological Activity Humidifier Statistical Analysis Application of Biofilters Introduction The ARA-Rhein Biofilter: Wastewater Treatment Odors and VOCs Odor Control from Flavor and Fragrance Manufacturing Odor Reduction from Flavor Manufacturing in a Closed Bed Biofilter The Poughkeepsie Biofilter: Wastewater Treatment Odors Soil Biofilter to Treat Odors from a Fabric Softener Facility Small Biofilters for Gasoline Vapor Treatment at a Soil-Vapor Extraction Site Treatment of VOC Mixtures from Exhaust Air in the Wood Industry Control of VOCs from Ink Drying Operations Removal of High Concentrations of Ethanol from a Foundry Off-Gas Large Open Bed Biofilters for the Removal of VOCs and Odors High Concentration-Low Flow Biofilter for VOC Treatment Soil Biofilter for VOC Removal in Flexographic Printing Off-Gases Biofilter or Biotrickling Filter? Example of an Intermittently Watered Biotrickling Filter for Odor Control Appendix A: Symbols Appendix B: Selected Elimination Capacity Values Appendix C: Conversion Factors Appendix D: Absolute Humidity of Air Saturated With Water Appendix E: Approximate Conversion of Selected Currencies