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Cited by 0Plant chemical constituents analysisAgricultural Productivity and Crop ImprovementMedicinal Plant Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 52 of the 53 references it cites were found in a registry or an index, and 1 are not checked yet; none of the 164 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.

Unlocking the Apiaceae: comprehensive advances in agronomy, biotechnology, phytochemistry, and health applications of major seed spices

Open access
Singh, Ravindra, Choudhary, Sharda, Kumari, Varsha, Meena, R S, Meena, N K, Y, Ravi, Verma, A K·2025·Journal of Agriculture and Ecology
DOI 10.58628/jae-2521-101
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Abstract

Seed spices from the Apiaceae family, including cumin, coriander, fennel, dill, ajwain, and others, hold immense significance in global agriculture, cuisine, and health. India leads the world in their production, with Rajasthan and Gujarat as key cultivating states. These spices are not only culinary staples but also rich in essential oils and bioactive compounds with antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory properties, contributing to their rising demand in the pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmetic sectors. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of Apiaceae seed spices, covering their botanical classification, morphology, reproductive biology, and agronomic practices. It also delves into stress physiology, genetic diversity, and modern breeding strategies, including the use of molecular markers. Furthermore, the review highlights their phytochemical profiles and documented health benefits. Despite significant progress, challenges remain, such as the need for improved genomic tools, better stress resilience, and efficient post-harvest handling. Future research must integrate traditional knowledge with biotechnology to unlock the full agricultural and therapeutic potential of these underutilized but economically valuable crops.

Checked 2026-11-12 · 1 reference not checked yet

Overview

CoChat Summary

TL;DR

This review synthesizes botanical, agronomic, biotechnological, phytochemical, and health-related knowledge on Apiaceae seed spices such as cumin, coriander, fennel, dill, ajwain, and anise. It highlights India’s dominance in production and identifies genomic, stress-resilience, and post-harvest gaps for future improvement.

Key findings

  • Apiaceae seed spices are rich in essential oils and bioactive compounds with antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and other pharmacological properties, supporting use in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmetic sectors.
  • India accounts for more than 70% of global seed spice production, with Rajasthan and Gujarat as key cultivating states; the family is described as approximately 445 genera and over 3,800 species, though the text elsewhere states more than 3,700 species across 450 genera.
  • Agronomic studies report optimal practices including dill sowing on October 15 at 40 cm × 10 cm spacing, fennel sowing on November 1 with 45 cm row spacing, cumin sowing on November 5 with 30 cm spacing, and coriander harvest at the brown-fruit stage about 40–45 days after flowering.
  • Molecular and genomic advances include SSR, AFLP, ISSR, RAPD, and SNP markers; a high-quality coriander genome and Coriander Genomics Database; a chromosome-scale celery genome; and fennel transcriptome/mitochondrial genome resources for cytoplasmic male sterility.

Methods

  • Narrative review; no primary experimental data, systematic search strategy, or quantitative synthesis is described.
  • Synthesizes literature across taxonomy and morphology, reproductive biology, stress physiology, agronomy, breeding and molecular markers, phytochemistry, and health applications of major Apiaceae seed spices.
  • Organizes evidence using cited studies and tables, including comparative morphology and therapeutic potential of select Apiaceae crops.

Limitations

  • The paper states that challenges remain, including the need for improved genomic tools, better stress resilience, and efficient post-harvest handling; future research should integrate traditional knowledge with biotechnology.
  • Evident from the text: no systematic review protocol, inclusion criteria, or quantitative synthesis is reported, and evidence is drawn from cited secondary literature.
  • Evident from the text: taxonomic counts are inconsistent (445 genera/3,800 species vs. 450 genera/3,700 species), and some sections appear truncated or garbled.

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Citations

Cites

Show all 52 references

Research works printed but not linked: 37

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Metadata

Authors
Singh, R., Choudhary, S., Kumari, V., Meena, R. S., Meena, N. K., Y, R., & Verma, A. K.
Affiliations
Indian Council of Agricultural Research (IN)
Venue
Journal of Agriculture and Ecology
Publisher
Society for Agriculture and Arid Ecology Research
Published
2025-12-21
Volume
21
Pages
1-13
ISSN
2456-9410 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.58628/jae-2521-101
OpenAlex
W7116737832
Cited by
0
References
52
FWCI
0.00
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
Journal of Agriculture and Ecology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant chemical constituents analysis
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Agronomy and Crop Science › Agricultural Productivity and Crop Improvement
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Medicinal Plant Research
Keywords
Apiaceae, seed spices, cumin, coriander, fennel, dill, Trachyspermum ammi, agronomy, biotechnology, phytochemistry, essential oils, bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, antimicrobial activity, antidiabetic activity, anti-inflammatory activity, stress physiology, genetic diversity, molecular markers, breeding strategies, postharvest handling, nutraceuticals, medicinal plants

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Unlocking the Apiaceae: comprehensive advances in agronomy, biotechnology, phytochemistry, and health applications of major seed spices. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.58628/jae-2521-101
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Singh, R., Choudhary, S., Kumari, V., Meena, R. S., Meena, N. K., Y, R., & Verma, A. K. (2025). Unlocking the Apiaceae: comprehensive advances in agronomy, biotechnology, phytochemistry, and health applications of major seed spices. Journal of Agriculture and Ecology. https://doi.org/10.58628/jae-2521-101

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