The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 27 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 28 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Cognitive Flexibility and Emotional Regulation: Predictors of Psychological Resilience Among University Students
Open accessAbstract
The current quantitative research was an attempt to investigate the predictive role of cognitive flexibility and emotional regulation on psychological resilience among Pakistani university students. A self-administered Likert-scale questionnaire was used to collect data on 150 students in both the public and the private universities. A random sampling was used to have a representative sample of the population. Research based on statistical analyses using regression, multiple regression, and correlation methods was done to ascertain the relationship between variables. The results have shown that there is a positive significant connection between cognitive flexibility and psychological resilience (r = 0.742, p < 0.01), and the higher students are flexible in their thinking pattern, the higher their level of resilience. Moreover, emotional regulation was identified to play a major role in resilience indicating that highly emotionally regulated students are psychologically more stable and have a better coping capacity. The joint predictive effect of cognitive flexibility and emotional regulation proved that both concepts have a combined beneficial impact on the academic stress management capabilities in students and well-being. The paper underscores the need to foster emotional intelligence and adaptive cognitive skills within the educational environment to help university students in Pakistan gain resilience and mental health.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
In 150 Pakistani university students, cognitive flexibility and emotional regulation were positively associated with and predicted psychological resilience; cognitive flexibility explained 55.1% of resilience variance and the emotional regulation model explained 64.2%. Adaptive cognitive reappraisal was positively predictive, while emotional suppression was negatively predictive.
Key findings
- Cognitive flexibility was positively correlated with psychological resilience (r = 0.742, p < 0.01) and explained 55.1% of resilience variance in regression (R² = 0.551; F = 248.57, p < 0.001; B = 0.745, t = 15.77, p < 0.001).
- Emotional regulation was positively correlated with resilience (r = 0.801, p < 0.01); the multiple regression model explained 64.2% of resilience variance (R² = 0.642; F = 184.91, p < 0.001).
- Within emotional regulation, cognitive reappraisal had a positive predictive effect (B = 0.612, p < 0.001), while emotional suppression had a negative predictive effect (B = −0.184, p = 0.003).
- Cognitive flexibility and emotional regulation were also positively correlated with each other (r = 0.684, p = 0.01).
Methods
- Quantitative correlational design using a self-administered Likert-scale questionnaire; data collected over four weeks from university students in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
- Sample: 150 students from the University of Peshawar and Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan; demographics reported as 72 male (48%) and 78 female (52%), with 95 undergraduates (63%) and 55 graduate/master’s students (37%). The abstract states random sampling, but the methodology section states convenience sampling.
- Analysis: SPSS version 26; descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, regression, multiple regression, and ANOVA.
Limitations
- The paper states that future research should use longitudinal and cross-institutional designs, include cross-cultural comparisons, and add qualitative methods such as interviews or focus groups; it also notes limited prior research in the Pakistani/South Asian context.
- Evident from the text: the design is correlational and self-report, so causal claims cannot be established; the sample is 150 students from two universities, limiting generalizability.
- Evident from the text: the sampling method is inconsistent between the abstract (“random sampling”) and methods (“convenience sampling”), and the methodology includes an unrelated target-population description about young people interested in cinema, music, technology, and luxury goods.
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Claims the paper makes
25 Sources not found · 13 Own result · 9 Own interpretation · 3 Own method
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The joint predictive effect of cognitive flexibility and emotional regulation proved that both concepts have a combined beneficial impact on the academic stress management capabilities in students and well-being.”
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Moreover, emotional regulation was identified to play a major role in resilience indicating that highly emotionally regulated students are psychologically more stable and have a better coping capacity.”
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It was found out that the positive influence of cognitive reappraisal was significantly high (B = 0.612, p < 0.001)”
- Also stated in: § 5.0 Discussion · plain
“The researchers also found that emotional regulation, specifically the application of adaptive coping mechanisms including cognitive reappraisal, has a significant positive influence on resilience (B = 0.612, p < 0.001)”
§ Cognitive Flexibility and Emotional Regulation: Predictors of Psychological Resilience Among University Students > Additional information
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § 5.0 Discussion · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The general model was very important (F = 184.91,p < 0.001) with an ability to explain a variation of 64.2 percent of psychological resilience.”
§ Cognitive Flexibility and Emotional Regulation: Predictors of Psychological Resilience Among University Students > Additional information
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There was also a strong correlation between psychological resilience and cognitive flexibility (r =.742, p less than .01)and emotional regulation (r =.801, p less than.01)”
- Also stated in: § 5.0 Discussion · boosted
“The results of the correlation coefficients showed a strong relationship between resilience and cognitive flexibility (r =.742) and emotional regulation (r =.801)”
§ Cognitive Flexibility and Emotional Regulation: Predictors of Psychological Resilience Among University Students > 3.5 Data Analysis
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § 5.0 Discussion · boosted
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Moreover, emotional regulation and cognitive flexibility were associated as well in a positive direction (r =. 684, p =.01)”
§ Cognitive Flexibility and Emotional Regulation: Predictors of Psychological Resilience Among University Students > 3.5 Data Analysis
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Also, the joint effect of cognitive flexibility and emotional regulation on psychological resilience was also of great importance, and both predictors shared a significant amount of resilience scores variance.”
§ Cognitive Flexibility and Emotional Regulation: Predictors of Psychological Resilience Among University Students > 5.0 Discussion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Regression analysis proved that cognitive flexibility was able to explain 55.1 percent of resilience variance (R =.742, p <.001)”
- Also stated in: § Additional information · hedged
“The model summary indicated a significant correlation with R value of 0.742 and the value of R2 was 0.551 indicating that cognitive flexibility explained 55.1 percent of the variance in psychological resilience.”
§ Cognitive Flexibility and Emotional Regulation: Predictors of Psychological Resilience Among University Students > 5.0 Discussion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § Additional information · hedged
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the relationship between emotional suppression and resilience was negative but significant (B = -0.184,p = 0.003)”
- Also stated in: § 5.0 Discussion · plain
“emotional suppression has a significant negative effect (B =0.184, p = 0.003)”
§ Cognitive Flexibility and Emotional Regulation: Predictors of Psychological Resilience Among University Students > Additional information
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § 5.0 Discussion · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There was also a strong correlation between psychological resilience and cognitive flexibility (r =.742, p less than .01)”
- Also stated in: § 5.0 Discussion · boosted
“The results of the correlation coefficients showed a strong relationship between resilience and cognitive flexibility (r =.742) and emotional regulation (r =.801)”
§ Cognitive Flexibility and Emotional Regulation: Predictors of Psychological Resilience Among University Students > 3.5 Data Analysis
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Also stated in: § 5.0 Discussion · boosted
- It may state two separate claims as one. 19
- Probably not a substantial claim. 9
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The results have shown that there is a positive significant connection between cognitive flexibility and psychological resilience (r = 0.742, p < 0.01), and the higher students are flexible in their thinking pattern, the higher their level of resilience.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Dennis et al., (2010) add that cognitive flexibility has been identified to be the key to psychological adaptation because it helps a person to change his/her thoughts and actions in response to stress factors or failures.”
§ Cognitive Flexibility and Emotional Regulation: Predictors of Psychological Resilience Among University Students > 1.1 Psychological Resilience Concept:
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Dennis et al., (2010)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
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In the paper
“Highly cognitive flexible students have a greater capacity to handle complicated workloads, adjust to different academic needs and recover following setbacks (Martin et al., 2013).”
§ Cognitive Flexibility and Emotional Regulation: Predictors of Psychological Resilience Among University Students > 2.1 Psychological Resilience in University students
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Martin et al., 2013
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“It has been revealed that, individuals with higher cognitive flexibility are more likely to utilize adaptive emotional regulatory mechanisms such as cognitive reappraisal that leads to resilience and wellness (Gupta and Bonanno, 2011).”
§ Cognitive Flexibility and Emotional Regulation: Predictors of Psychological Resilience Among University Students > 2.2 Correlation of Cognitive Flexibility, Emotional Regulation and Resilience
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Gupta and Bonanno, 2011
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Gross and John (2003) have stressed that adaptive strategies such as cognitive reappraisal adopted by individuals are more likely to experience positive affect and less depression and anxiety.”
§ Cognitive Flexibility and Emotional Regulation: Predictors of Psychological Resilience Among University Students > 2.1 Psychological Resilience in University students
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Gross and John (2003)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A random sampling was used to have a representative sample of the population.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Moreover, emotional regulation was identified to play a major role in resilience indicating that highly emotionally regulated students are psychologically more stable and have a better coping capacity.”
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Tugade and Fredrickson (2004) found out that resilient employees possess more skills of emotional regulation that helps them to bounce back quickly after adversity and attain desirable emotional periods despite the stress.”
§ Cognitive Flexibility and Emotional Regulation: Predictors of Psychological Resilience Among University Students > 2.1 Psychological Resilience in University students
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Tugade and Fredrickson (2004)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“On the contrary, individuals, who depend on the maladaptive strategies, e.g., emotional suppression or rumination tend to have increased stress levels, emotional exhaustion, and worsened mental health outcomes (Garnefski and Kraaij, 2009).”
§ Cognitive Flexibility and Emotional Regulation: Predictors of Psychological Resilience Among University Students > 2.1 Psychological Resilience in University students
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Garnefski and Kraaij, 2009
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Conversely, the less resilient students usually find it difficult to cope with negative emotions, and this may result into academic inattention, anxiety, burnout (Hartley et al., 2019).”
§ Cognitive Flexibility and Emotional Regulation: Predictors of Psychological Resilience Among University Students > 1.1 Psychological Resilience Concept:
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Hartley et al., 2019
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“As Masten (2015) states, resilience is not a special quality but a normal process but can be cultivated in the process of adaptive coping mechanisms, positive thinking, and conducive social interactions.”
§ Cognitive Flexibility and Emotional Regulation: Predictors of Psychological Resilience Among University Students > 1.1 Psychological Resilience Concept:
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Masten (2015)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
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None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“In the same manner, Canas et al. (2016) and Hirt et al. (2019) observed that more flexible people in problem-solving exhibit resilience to academic and stressful situations and argue that cognitive perspective changes are crucial to maintaining psychological health.”
§ Cognitive Flexibility and Emotional Regulation: Predictors of Psychological Resilience Among University Students > 5.0 Discussion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Canas et al. (2016)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Hirt et al. (2019)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“This viewpoint has highlighted the fact that resilience is dynamic and may change according to the situations of the individual, environment, and mental resources.”
§ Cognitive Flexibility and Emotional Regulation: Predictors of Psychological Resilience Among University Students > 1.1 Psychological Resilience Concept:
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Masten (2015)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It means that more cognitively flexible students are psychologically more resilient and can adapt better to the challenges and remain emotionally stable despite encountering academic and personal stressors.”
§ Cognitive Flexibility and Emotional Regulation: Predictors of Psychological Resilience Among University Students > Additional information
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“On the other hand, negative emotional results have been linked to the insufficient resilience such as depression, anxiety, and burnout (Saklofske et al., 2007).”
§ Cognitive Flexibility and Emotional Regulation: Predictors of Psychological Resilience Among University Students > 2.1 Psychological Resilience in University students
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Saklofske et al., 2007
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Consequently, resilience does not only improve the academic achievements, but it also promotes emotional well-being and satisfaction with the university experience (Carver et al., 2018).”
§ Cognitive Flexibility and Emotional Regulation: Predictors of Psychological Resilience Among University Students > 2.1 Psychological Resilience in University students
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Carver et al., 2018
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Workload, performance expectations, and social adjustment issues are some of the pressures that may be encountered by students in academic life, which may negatively influence mental health (Hartley, 2012).”
§ Cognitive Flexibility and Emotional Regulation: Predictors of Psychological Resilience Among University Students > 2.1 Psychological Resilience in University students
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Hartley, 2012
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall, these results indicate that cognitive flexibility and emotional regulation are the two variables that lead to the formation of increased psychological stability among college students, where adaptive cognition and emotion regulation would have a considerable role in academic and personal well-being.”
§ Cognitive Flexibility and Emotional Regulation: Predictors of Psychological Resilience Among University Students > 3.5 Data Analysis
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The sample size was based on the feasibility and past researches using similar correlational frameworks.”
§ Cognitive Flexibility and Emotional Regulation: Predictors of Psychological Resilience Among University Students > 3.3 Sample Size and Sampling Technique.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“The correlations in this study are also high pointing to the theoretical framework adopted by Connor and Davidson (2003) that resilience is the ability to thrive in unseemly circumstances through cognitive adaptability, not to mention emotional regulation.”
§ Cognitive Flexibility and Emotional Regulation: Predictors of Psychological Resilience Among University Students > 5.0 Discussion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Connor and Davidson (2003)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Similarly, the broaden-andbuild theory according to Tugade and Fredrickson (2004) assumes that the effective regulation of emotions broadens thought-action repertoires which enables individuals to form flexible coping mechanisms used to enhance resilience.”
§ Cognitive Flexibility and Emotional Regulation: Predictors of Psychological Resilience Among University Students > 5.0 Discussion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Tugade and Fredrickson (2004)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The interpretation was done at the level of p less than 0.05 and thus the findings were reliable and valid.”
§ Cognitive Flexibility and Emotional Regulation: Predictors of Psychological Resilience Among University Students > Additional information
plainn = 150 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“On the other hand, negative contribution of emotional suppression that is witnessed in this paper supports the works of Butler et al. (2007) and Hu et al. (2014) who found that emotional suppression leads to poor social functions and exposure to stress.”
§ Cognitive Flexibility and Emotional Regulation: Predictors of Psychological Resilience Among University Students > 5.0 Discussion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Butler et al. (2007)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites Hu et al. (2014)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The research also extends the literature in Pakistan context where there is limited research effort that has examined the joint predictive ability of the two variables, cognitive and affective, on the strength during the college student population.”
§ Cognitive Flexibility and Emotional Regulation: Predictors of Psychological Resilience Among University Students > 5.0 Discussion
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
- Rests on an assumption: There is limited research in Pakistan examining the joint predictive ability of cognitive flexibility and emotional regulation on resilience among college students.
The paper relies on this without support.
Very little research has examined psychological processes that develop resilience, especially in Pakistani universities.
“Nevertheless, very little has been done to examine psychological processes that develop resilience, especially in Pakistani universities.”
The paper relies on this without support.
There is no empirical evidence determining the interaction between cognitive flexibility and emotional regulation in the South Asian academic setting.
“Although the world literature indicates that cognitive adaptability and emotional control are excellent predictors of resilience, there is no empirical evidence to be found that determines the interaction between the two in the context of the South Asian academic setting.”
The paper relies on this without support.
There is limited research in Pakistan examining the joint predictive ability of cognitive flexibility and emotional regulation on resilience among college students.
“The research also extends the literature in Pakistan context where there is limited research effort that has examined the joint predictive ability of the two variables, cognitive and affective, on the strength during the college student population.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Academic stressors and psychological issues among Pakistani students are increasing.
“As the levels of academic stressors and other psychological issues that Pakistani students have are on the increase”
The paper relies on this without support.
The scales used for cognitive flexibility, emotional regulation, and psychological resilience were validated.
“The validated scales applied were cognitive flexibility, emotional regulation and psychological resilience.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The convenience sample of 150 students from two universities is representative of university students in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
“The study population was specifically the students of the University of Peshawar and Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, which is a representation of urban and semi-urban educational setting.”
“On the whole, the demographic information points to the diverse and representative sample of the university students belonging to several educational levels and institutional backgrounds that can be used to analyze the psychological resilience, the cognitive flexibility, and the emotional regulation among the student population.”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated major: it would touch a result — a value a result rests on, reported and recomputed p-values on opposite sides of the significance level, two passages that conflict with no sign which is right, or a cited work retracted before this paper was published.
In the paper
§ Cognitive Flexibility and Emotional Regulation: Predictors of Psychological Resilience Among University Students
“A random sampling was used to have a representative sample of the population.”
§ Cognitive Flexibility and Emotional Regulation: Predictors of Psychological Resilience Among University Students > 3.3 Sample Size and Sampling Technique.
“The participants were recruited with the help of a convenience sampling method that involved participants who could participate in the study and chose to do so.This non-probability sampling method was suitable considering that the study was exploratory in nature and the availability of access to full list of students was limited.”
Rated major: it would touch a result — a value a result rests on, reported and recomputed p-values on opposite sides of the significance level, two passages that conflict with no sign which is right, or a cited work retracted before this paper was published.
In the paper
“ANOVA Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Regression 3367.21 2 1683.60 184.91 0.000b Residual 1873.29 147 12.74”
§ Cognitive Flexibility and Emotional Regulation: Predictors of Psychological Resilience Among University Students > Additional information
Reported 184.91 · recomputed 132.150706
Rated major: it would touch a result — a value a result rests on, reported and recomputed p-values on opposite sides of the significance level, two passages that conflict with no sign which is right, or a cited work retracted before this paper was published.
In the paper
“ANOVA Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Regression 2894.36 1 2894.36248.570.000b Residual 2356.14 148 15.91”
§ Cognitive Flexibility and Emotional Regulation: Predictors of Psychological Resilience Among University Students > Additional information
Reported 248.57 · recomputed 181.920805
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Cognitive Flexibility and Emotional Regulation: Predictors of Psychological Resilience Among University Students > Additional information
“Total 5250.50Coefficients”
§ Cognitive Flexibility and Emotional Regulation: Predictors of Psychological Resilience Among University Students > Additional information
“Total 5240.50 149”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Cognitive Flexibility and Emotional Regulation: Predictors of Psychological Resilience Among University Students > 5.0 Discussion
“emotional suppression has a significant negative effect (B =0.184, p = 0.003)”
§ Cognitive Flexibility and Emotional Regulation: Predictors of Psychological Resilience Among University Students > Additional information
“Emotional Suppression -0.184 0.061 -0.172 -3.02 0.003”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“Summary Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std.Error of the Estimate 1 0.801a 0.642 0.637 3.018 a. Predictors: (Constant), Cognitive Reappraisal, Emotional Suppression ANOVA Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Regression 3367.21 2 1683.60 184.91 0.000b Residual 1873.29 147 12.74”
§ Cognitive Flexibility and Emotional Regulation: Predictors of Psychological Resilience Among University Students > Additional information
Reported 12.74 · recomputed 9.108324
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“Summary Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std.Error of the Estimate 1 0.742a 0.551 0.548 3.412 a. Predictors: (Constant), Cognitive Flexibility ANOVA Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Regression 2894.36 1 2894.36248.570.000b Residual 2356.14 148 15.91”
§ Cognitive Flexibility and Emotional Regulation: Predictors of Psychological Resilience Among University Students > Additional information
Reported 15.91 · recomputed 11.641744
Citations
Cites
The publisher hasn’t deposited this paper’s reference list.
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Genet, J. J., & Siemer, M. (2011). Flexible control in processing affective and non- affective material predicts individual differences in trait resilience. Cognition and emotion, 25(2), 380-388.
- Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of personality and social psychology, 85(2), 348.
- Masten, A. S. (2015). Pathways to integrated resilience science. Psychological Inquiry, 26(2), 187-196.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
ÖNAL, A. (2026) · Dede Korkut Spor Bilimleri Dergisi · doi:10.71243/dksbd.1853161
Fuady, A. S., Andriansyah, A., Munawwar, A., Rosit, A., & Ismail, M. (2025) · Social Science Academic · doi:10.37680/ssa.9679
Altın, M., Koç, M., Kutluay, P., & Ünal, Z. M. (2026) · European Journal of Psychology and Educational Research · doi:10.12973/ejper.9.2.59
Zhang, Z. (2026) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-026-10537-9
Abdulaziz, M. S., & Amrajea, F. (2026) · Al-Qurtas · doi:10.66045/qjhar.v9i29.16
Metadata
- Authors
- Rehman, I., Naz, Z., & Mufti, D. A. A.
- Affiliations
- Islamia College University (PK)
- National University of Medical Sciences (PK)
- Venue
- The Critical Review of Social Sciences Studies
- Published
- 2025-11-22
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1577-1590
- ISSN
- 3006-7162 (ISSN-L)
- 3006-7170
- OpenAlex
- W7108219572
- Cited by
- 6
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 1
- FWCI
- 4.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Critical Review of Social Sciences Studies (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Student Stress and Coping
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotional Intelligence and Performance
- Keywords
- cognitive flexibility, emotion regulation, psychological resilience, university students, academic stress management, coping, emotional intelligence, mental health, student well-being, Pakistani students
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-11-10, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-11-10 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Cognitive Flexibility and Emotional Regulation: Predictors of Psychological Resilience Among University Students. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.59075/v6gwq674
- The paper
- Rehman, I., Naz, Z., & Mufti, D. A. A. (2025). Cognitive Flexibility and Emotional Regulation: Predictors of Psychological Resilience Among University Students. The Critical Review of Social Sciences Studies. https://doi.org/10.59075/v6gwq674
