The DOI matches its Crossref record; 13 of the 13 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Effect of Music on Heart Rate
Open accessAbstract
“Does music actually touch your heart?” Yes, it actually does. It has been shown that fast paced music increases heart rate and slow paced music decreases heart rate. The purpose of our experiment was to determine whether or not the two different kinds of music affect heart rate of adults in a high school setting. Thirty subjects above the age of 18 years were chosen randomly from the school. They were required to listen to two different songs with one being slow and the other being fast and upbeat, for a time period of 2.5 minutes each. The subject’s heart rate was taken before and after each song (4 times total) with a resting period of 1 minute between songs to allow the heart rate to recover back to a steady state. We hypothesized that slow music would decrease heart rate whereas fast music would accelerate it. The results at the end of our experiment showed that 93% of subjects experienced a decrease in heart rate following the slow song and 100% of subjects experienced an increase in heart rate following the fast song. We concluded that there is, indeed, a relationship between music and heart rate.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“For example, one article entitled “The effect of music on heart rate” is scientifically simple enough for middle school students to understand, but still provides an excellent example of developing a hypothesis, designing experiments and discussing implications of the work and limitations of data interpretation (1).”
From Incorporating Primary Scientific Literature in Middle and High School Education (2016) · cites this paper as [1]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
1 retracted
Cepeda, M. S., Carr, D. B., Lau, J., & Álvarez, H. (2006) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004843.pub2 · Cited by 432
RetractedThe Anxiety‐ and Pain‐Reducing Effects of Music Interventions: A Systematic Review
Nilsson, U. (2008) · AORN Journal · doi:10.1016/j.aorn.2007.09.013 · Cited by 766
Bernardi, L., Porta, C., & Sleight, P. (2006) · Heart · doi:10.1136/hrt.2005.064600 · Cited by 579
The effects of music tempo and loudness level on treadmill exercise
Edworthy, J. R., & Waring, H. (2006) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140130600899104 · Cited by 288
The Sedative and Analgesic Sparing Effect of Music
Koch, M. E., Kain, Z. N., Ayoub, C. M., & Rosenbaum, S. H. (1998) · Anesthesiology · doi:10.1097/00000542-199808000-00005 · Cited by 260
Effects of Music on Patient Anxiety
Mok, E., & Wong, K. (2003) · AORN Journal · doi:10.1016/s0001-2092(06)61207-6 · Cited by 197
Use of Preferred Music to Reduce Emotional Distress and Symptom Activity During Radiation Therapy
Clark, M., Isaacks-Downton, G., Wells, N., Redlin-Frazier, S., Eck, C., Hepworth, J. T., & Chakravarthy, A. B. (2006) · Journal of Music Therapy · doi:10.1093/jmt/43.3.247 · Cited by 164
Music meets surgery: two sides to the art of “healing”
Moris, D., & Linos, D. A. (2012) · Surgical Endoscopy · doi:10.1007/s00464-012-2525-8 · Cited by 96
From music-beat to heart-beat: a journey in the complex interactions between music, brain and heart.
Cervellin, G., & Lippi, G. (2011) · European journal of internal medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2011.02.019 · Cited by 86
Effects of Music on Respiration- and Heart-Rate
Ellis, D. S., & Brighouse, G. (1952) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1418826 · Cited by 69
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Oakley GD, and Oakley MD. "Hemodynamic effects of eating." British Heart Journal 63.1 (1990):5-6. Print.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Effect of Classical Music on Heart Rate, Blood Pressure, and Mood
Darki, C., Riley, J., Dadabhoy, D., Darki, A., & Garetto, J. (2022) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.27348 · Cited by 72
The effects of music on pulse rate and blood pressure in healthy young adults
Suguna, S., & Deepika, K. (2017) · International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences · doi:10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20175438 · Cited by 22
Incorporating Primary Scientific Literature in Middle and High School Education
Fankhauser, S. C., & Lijek, R. S. (2016) · Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education · doi:10.1128/jmbe.v17i1.1004 · Cited by 13
Effect of Music Therapy on Adult Patients Undergoing Dental Treatment Procedures
Tamgadge, S. (2017) · International Clinical Pathology Journal · doi:10.15406/icpjl.2017.05.00139 · Cited by 11
Does Music Directly Affect a Person’s Heart Rate?
Sills, D., & Todd, A. (2015) · Journal of Emerging Investigators · doi:10.59720/14-058 · Cited by 10
Metadata
- Authors
- Agrawal, A., Makhijani, N., & Valentini, P.
- ORCID
- Agrawal, Ayush
- Venue
- Journal of Emerging Investigators
- Published
- 2013
- ISSN
- 2638-0870 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4387226854
- Cited by
- 15
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 2.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- Journal of Emerging Investigators (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Music Therapy and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Music Perception
- Keywords
- music tempo, heart rate, physiological effects of music, autonomic nervous system
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
