Per- and polyfluoroalkylether substances: identity, production and use
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Perfluoroalkyl ether carboxylic acids PFESAs Perfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acid PFNA Perfluorononanoic acid PFPE Perfluoropolyether PFOA Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOS Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid PFSA Perfluoroalkane sulfonic acid/
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Fluoropolymers and perfluoropolyethers are highly diverse in termini, monomer combinations, molar ratios, and molecular weight.
“substances in these two groups can be highly diverse, including both non-functionalized (with -CF3) and functionalized termini, with different structural combinations and molar ratios of monomers (for co-polymers), and from low molecular weight (<1000 Da) to very high (>100000 Da) (30-32)”
From Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in the environment (2022) · cites this paper as [32]
The Group 2 overview and Table 13 describe fluoropolymers made from different monomers and list varied co- and terpolymer compositions; the Additional information section gives a PFPE example with a CF3 end and a functionalized end (pages unavailable in our copy). These passages support structural diversity, but they do not establish differing monomer molar ratios or the claimed molecular-weight range from <1,000 to >100,000 Da. (LLM, conf=0.83)
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References 13 · Cited by 16
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- [88]88. Hoshino T, Morizava Y, Fluorinated Specialty Chemicals -Fluorinated Copolymers for Paints and Perfluoropolyethers for Coatings in Ameduri B. and Sawada H. (eds), 2016, Fluorinated Polymers: Applications: Volume 2. Blackwell's Publishing. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/3120605 25_Chapter_5_Fluorinated_Specialty_Chemicals_- _Fluorinated_Copolymers_for_Paints_and_Perfluoro polyethers_for_Coatings
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- [99]99. Trier, X., Taxvig, C., Rosenmai, A. K., & Pedersen, G. A., PFAS in paper and board for food contact: Options for risk management of poly-and perfluorinated substances. Nordic Council of Ministers, 2018, Available at: https://backend.orbit.dtu.dk/ws/portalfiles/portal/1 49769110/Rapport_PFAS_in_paper_and_board_for_ food_contact_Options_for_risk_management_of_po ly_and_perfluorina.pdf UNEP, Report on the assessment of alternatives to perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), its salts and perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride (PFOSF), 2018, Available at: http://www.pops.int/Implementation/IndustrialPOP s/PFOS/Guidance/tabid/5225/Default.aspx University of North Carolina, Report to the Environmental Review Commission from The University of North Carolina at Wilmington Regarding the Implementation of Section 20.(a)(2) of House Bill 56 (S.L. 2017-2019). Available at : https://www.ncleg.gov/documentsites/committees/ ERC/ERC%20Reports%20Received/2018/CFPUA%20a nd%20UNC-W/2018- April%20HB%2056%20UNCW%20Rpt.pdf US Environmental Protection Agency, (2018). Notice of Temporary Objection, Available at: https://cswab.org/wp- content/uploads/2019/02/EPA-Notice-of-Objection- PFAS-Shipment-from-Chemours-Netherlands-Dec- 2018.pdf, Accessed November 2019.
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- [104]104. Wang, Z., Cousins, I., Scheringer, M. and Hungerbühler, K., Fluorinated alternatives to long- chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs), perfluoroalkane sulfonic acids (PFSAs) and their potential precursors. Environment International, 60, 2013, pp.242-248, Available at: https://greensciencepolicy.org/wp- content/uploads/2014/10/Wang-et-al.-2013.pdf World Health Organization, Keeping our water clean: the case of water contamination in the Veneto Region, Italy, 2016, Available at: http://www.euro.who.int/en/publications/abstracts /keeping-our-water-clean-the-case-of-water- contamination-in-the-veneto-region,-italy-2017
- Authors
- Wang, D. Z., Goldenman, G., Tugran, T., McNeil, A., & Jones, M.
- ORCID
- Goldenman, Gretta
- Publisher
- Nordic Council of Ministers
- Published
- 2020-02-06
- OpenAlex
- W3005418454
- Semantic Scholar
- 061c23bb1e585083f3315664644d979f173d8b2a
- Cited by
- 16
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4
- Type
- report
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- public-domain
- Locations
- KTH Publication Database DiVA (KTH Royal Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
- Umweltbundesamt
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Chemistry › Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances research
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmaceutical Science › Fluorine in Organic Chemistry
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Synthesis and properties of polymers
- Keywords
- PFNA, perfluoropolyether, perfluorooctanoic acid, PFOS, chemical identity, production, industrial applications
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