The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Time and frequency :: theory and fundamentals
Open accessAbstract
From Abstract: This is a tutorial Monograph describing various aspects of time and frequency (T/F). Included are chapters relating to elemental concepts of precise time and frequency; basic principles of quartz oscillators and atomic frequency standards; historical review, recent progress, and current status of atomic frequency standards; promising areas for developing future primary frequency standards; relevance of frequency standards to other areas of metrology including a unified standard concept; statistics of T/F data analysis coupled with the theory and construction of the NBS atomic time scale; an overview of T/F dissemination techniques; and the standards of T/F in the USA. The Monograph addresses both the specialist in the field as well as those desiring basic information about time and frequency.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“The accuracy of an optical clock can never be better than its reproducibility (Blair, 1974).”
From Time transfer and significance of vertical land motion in relativistic geodesy applications: a review paper (2023) · cites this paper as Blair, 1974
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
No references could be resolved yet.
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Plan, Meet. (U.S. Naval Observatory, Washington, DC 20390, November 16-18, 1971), pp. 229-253 (USNO, Wash- ington, DC 20390, 1972). (NTIS, AD 758 739)
- [31]Chi, A. (Chairman), Proc. IEEE-NASA Symp. on Short- Term Frequency Stability (Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md 20771, November 23-24, 1964), NASA Report SP-80, 317 pages (USGPO, 1965).
- Proc. IEEE, 54, No. 2 (February 1966).
- [33]KartaschofF, P., and Barnes, J. A., "Standard time and fre- quency generation," Proc. IEEE, 60, No. 5, pp. 493-501 (May 1972).
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Bagherbandi, M., Shirazian, M., Amin, H., & Horemuz, M. (2023) · Frontiers in Earth Science · doi:10.3389/feart.2023.1139211 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Blair, B. E.
- Corresponding author
- Blair, Byron E
- Publisher
- National Bureau of Standards
- Published
- 1974
- OpenAlex
- W1944125058
- Cited by
- 50
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2023: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2012: 1
- Type
- report
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Advanced Frequency and Time Standards
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Instrumentation › Scientific Measurement and Uncertainty Evaluation
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Electrical Measurement Techniques
- Keywords
- time and frequency metrology, atomic clocks, crystal oscillator, primary frequency standard, atomic time scale, time and frequency dissemination
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Time and frequency :: theory and fundamentals. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.6028/nbs.mono.140
- The paper
- Blair, B. E. (1974). Time and frequency :: theory and fundamentals. https://doi.org/10.6028/nbs.mono.140