Predictive Equations for Determining Crown Area and Crown Volume of Recovering and Intact Willows Based upon Height at Yellowstone National Park
Open accessAbstract
We developed equations to determine crown area and crown volume of willows based upon height at Yellowstone National Park. These variables best describe structural diversity and habitat values of these important riparian communities in the montane ecosystems of the western USA. Here. we provide the raw data from which we developed the equations.
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Thirty-eight percent of the 53 willows used to construct the model were Salix lutea, a species absent from the Hobbs et al. dataset, and 11% were sampled outside northern Yellowstone.
“Thirty-eight percent of the 53 willows used to construct the model were Salix lutea, a species absent from the Hobbs et al. dataset, and 11% were sampled outside northern Yellowstone.”
From Flawed analysis invalidates claim of a strong Yellowstone trophic cascade after wolf reintroduction: A comment on Ripple et al. (2025) (2025) · cites this paper as Kauffman and Cummings 2024
Kauffman and Cummings calculated the volume of each plant from its height and canopy dimensions using an equation.
“Rather, they calculated the volume of each plant from its height and canopy dimensions using the equation:”
From Flawed analysis invalidates claim of a strong Yellowstone trophic cascade after wolf reintroduction: A comment on Ripple et al. (2025) (2025) · cites this paper as Kauffman and Cummings 2024
Kauffman and Cummings did not independently measure the crown volume of each of the 53 willow plants from which they estimated the relationship between volume and height.
“This is because they did not independently measure the crown volume of each of the 53 willow plants from which they estimated the relationship between volume and height.”
From Flawed analysis invalidates claim of a strong Yellowstone trophic cascade after wolf reintroduction: A comment on Ripple et al. (2025) (2025) · cites this paper as Kauffman and Cummings 2024
Kauffman and Cummings noted their model would not likely accurately predict the crown volume of moderately to heavily grazed willows, and that it is only suitable for willows with half-ellipsoidal/spherical structure.
“AsKauffman and Cummings (2024)noted, their model “would not likely accurately predict” the crown volume of “moderately to heavily grazed willows”, and that it is “only suitable for those willows with halfellipsoidal/spherical structure.””
From Flawed analysis invalidates claim of a strong Yellowstone trophic cascade after wolf reintroduction: A comment on Ripple et al. (2025) (2025) · cites this paper as Kauffman and Cummings 2024
Even if the Kauffman and Cummings model were empirically valid, it would overestimate the crown volume of willow plants in the Hobbs et al. plots (unfenced) because it was parameterized for unbrowsed or lightly browsed willows, assuming a dome-like, half-ellipsoidal crown structure.
“Even if the Kauffman and Cummings model were empirically valid, it would overestimate the crown volume of willow plants inthe Hobbs et al. plots (unfenced) because it was parameterized for unbrowsed or lightly browsed willows, assuming a dome-like, half-ellipsoidal crown structure.”
From Flawed analysis invalidates claim of a strong Yellowstone trophic cascade after wolf reintroduction: A comment on Ripple et al. (2025) (2025) · cites this paper as Kauffman and Cummings 2024
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MacNulty, D., Cooper, D., Procko, M., & Clark-Wolf, T. (2025) · doi:10.32942/x2qq0c
- Authors
- KAUFFMAN, J. B., & Cummings, D.
- ORCID
- KAUFFMAN, J Boone
- Venue
- figshare
- Publisher
- figshare
- Published
- 2024
- OpenAlex
- W6939500977
- Cited by
- 2
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2
- Type
- dataset
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- figshare.com
- Licence
- Locations
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Figshare (cc-by)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Forest ecology and management
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Hydrology and Sediment Transport Processes
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Ecology and biodiversity studies
- Keywords
- willow, crown area, crown volume, tree height, allometric equations, riparian vegetation, structural diversity, habitat value, mountain ecosystems, Yellowstone National Park
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