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The Oxygen of Amplification: Better Practices for Reporting on Extremists, Antagonists, and Manipulators
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“Whilst normiefication does not necessarily lead to these ideas being accepted by more people, the repeated exposure and popularisation of these ideas to the 'general' population might potentially lead to their normalisation and adoption into mainstream discourse (Phillips, 2018).”
From Mainstreaming the Blackpill: Understanding the Incel Community on TikTok (2023) · cites this paper as Phillips, 2018
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Research works printed but not linked: 10
- Bakioglu, Burcu S. 2008. 'Spectacular Interventions of Second Life: Goon Culture, Griefing, and Disruption in Virtual Spaces.' Journal of Virtual Worlds Research 1, No 3: 1-21. https://journals.tdl.org/jvwr/index.php/jvwr/article/view/348/421.
- Beyer, Jessica L. 2014. Expect Us: Online Communities and Political Mobilization . London: Oxford University Press.
- Chess, Shira, and Adrienne Shaw. 2015. 'A Conspiracy of Fishes, or, How We Learned to Stop Worrying About #GamerGate and Embrace Hegemonic Masculinity.' Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media 59(1), 208-220. https://doi.org/10.1080/08838151.2014.999 917. · doi:10.1080/08838151.2014.999
- Hawley, George. 2017. Making Sense of the Alt-Right . Chichester, NY: Columbia University Press.
- McEwan, Sean. 2017. 'A Nation of Shitposters: Ironic Engagement with the Facebook Posts of Shannon Noll as Reconfiguration of an Australian National Identity.' Journal of Media and Communication 8.2 (ANZCA Special Issue), 19-39. https://platformjmc.files. wordpress.com/2018/01/mcewan\_shitposting\_fullpaper-final.pdf.
- McPherson, Tara. 2003. Reconstructing Dixie: Race, Gender , and Nostalgia in the American South . Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press.
- Milner, Ryan. 2016. The World Made Meme: Public Conversations and Participatory Media . Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press.
- Milner, Ryan. 2018. 'Remixed into Existence: Life Online as the Internet Comes of Age.' In Life Online (20 th anniversary edition), ed. Annette Markham and Katrin Tiidenberg, in progress.
- Phillips, Whitney. 2015. This Is Why We Can't Have Nice Things: Mapping the Relationship between Online Trolling and Mainstream Culture . Cambridge, Mass.: The MIT Press.
- Phillips, Whitney and Milner, Ryan. 2017. The Ambivalent Internet: Mischief, Oddity, and Antagonism Online . Cambridge, U.K.: Polity Press.
Cited by
Constructing alternative facts: Populist expertise and the QAnon conspiracy
Marwick, A. E., & Partin, W. C. (2022) · New Media & Society · doi:10.1177/14614448221090201 · Cited by 186
Mainstreaming the Blackpill: Understanding the Incel Community on TikTok
Solea, A. I., & Sugiura, L. (2023) · European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10610-023-09559-5 · Cited by 105
Geller, R. C. (2020) · Theory & Research in Social Education · doi:10.1080/00933104.2020.1740125 · Cited by 86
The “Great Meme War:” the Alt-Right and its Multifarious Enemies
Dafaure, M. (2020) · Angles · doi:10.4000/angles.369 · Cited by 70
Mimicking News: How the credibility of an established tabloid is used when disseminating racism
Farkas, J., & Neumayer, C. (2020) · Nordicom review/NORDICOM review · doi:10.2478/nor-2020-0001 · Cited by 34
Metadata
- Authors
- Phillips, W.
- Corresponding author
- Phillips, Whitney
- ORCID
- Phillips, Whitney
- Publisher
- Data & Society Research Institute
- Published
- 2018-05-22
- OpenAlex
- W7123883841
- Cited by
- 3
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3
- Type
- report
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-sa
- Funders
- Syracuse University
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- University of Illinois at Chicago
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Misinformation and Its Impacts
- Social Sciences › Communication › Journalism and Media Studies
- Social Sciences › Communication › News Media Framing and Political Communication
- Keywords
- antagonists, manipulators, alt-right, Donald Trump, Hillary Clinton, social media, news framing, conspiracy theories, 2016 US presidential election
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Oxygen of Amplification: Better Practices for Reporting on Extremists, Antagonists, and Manipulators. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.69985/wgti7516
- The paper
- Phillips, W. (2018). The Oxygen of Amplification: Better Practices for Reporting on Extremists, Antagonists, and Manipulators. https://doi.org/10.69985/wgti7516
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.