Case Reports: STAIR for Strengthening Social Support and Relationships Among Veterans With Military Sexual Trauma and PTSD
Abstract
Military sexual trauma (MST) is associated with high rates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and multiple comorbid symptoms. In addition, women Veterans with MST report negative perceptions of social support, poor relationships, and difficulties in social and role functioning. Treatments for PTSD do not provide interventions to improve social or relationship functioning and do not consistently produce positive benefits regarding these outcomes. This article presents a series of case studies in which an intervention focused on building social support and relationship skills is delivered to Veterans with PTSD and MST. The intervention, Skills Training in Affective and Interpersonal Regulation (STAIR) promotes social engagement and skills that support greater role functioning. It can be used as a stand-alone treatment, as an adjunctive intervention to PTSD therapies or as part of a combination therapy in which skills precede trauma-focused work (STAIR Narrative Therapy). Further investigation is suggested to determine the added benefits of incorporating skills building to PTSD or other diagnosis-specific interventions.
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Interventions focused on building healthy relationships, including availability and satisfaction with social support, may be an important adjunct to trauma-focused treatments for interpersonal trauma survivors with PTSD.
“Moreover, our findings provide additional support that interventions focused on building healthy relationships, including availability and satisfaction with social support, may be an important adjunct to trauma-focused treatments for interpersonal trauma survivors with PTSD (Cloitre, Jackson, & Schmidt, 2016).”
From The association between social support and posttraumatic stress symptoms among survivors of betrayal trauma: a meta-analysis (2021) · cites this paper as Cloitre, Jackson, & Schmidt, 2016
Cites
Social Bonds and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Charuvastra, A., & Cloitre, M. (2008) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085650 · Cited by 911 · see citing works
Treatment for PTSD Related to Childhood Abuse: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Cloitre, M., Stovall-McClough, K. C., Nooner, K., Zorbas, P., Cherry, S., Jackson, C. L., Gan, W., & Petkova, E. (2010) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09081247 · Cited by 642 · see citing works
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Tirone, V., Orlowska, D., Lofgreen, A. M., Blais, R. K., Stevens, N. R., Klassen, B., Held, P., & Zalta, A. K. (2021) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2021.1883925 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Campbell, S. B., Erbes, C., Grubbs, K., & Fortney, J. (2020) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22542 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Leonard, S. J., & Vujanovic, A. A. (2022) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/01454455211002105 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Leonard, S. J., McGrew, S. J., Lebeaut, A., & Vujanovic, A. A. (2023) · Journal of Dual Diagnosis · doi:10.1080/15504263.2023.2260324 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
- Authors
- Cloitre, M., Jackson, C., & Schmidt, J. A.
- Affiliations
- VA NY Harbor Healthcare System (US)
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System (US)
- ORCID
- Jackson, Christie
- Venue
- Military Medicine
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2016-02
- Volume
- 181
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- e183-e187
- ISSN
- 0026-4075 (ISSN-L)
- 1930-613X
- OpenAlex
- W2254111660
- Cited by
- 62
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 4
- FWCI
- 7.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Military Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Keywords
- military sexual trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder, women veterans, social support, interpersonal relationships, relationship skills, role functioning, social engagement, adjunctive intervention
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Sex Offenses, Social Support, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Veterans, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Adult Survivors of Child Abuse, Narrative Therapy, Social Skills
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