Vice Patrol: Cops, Courts, and the Struggle over Urban Gay Life before Stonewall
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
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Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the 1950s, police departments in cities across the country created specialized units known as sex details or morals squads, concerned primarily with sexual deviance, especially so-called lewd conduct and public interactions among gay men.
“In the 1950s, police departments in cities across the country created specialized units, known as “sex details” or “morals squads,” concerned primarily with sexual deviance, especially so-called lewd conduct and public interactions among gay men (Mogul, Ritchie, and Whitlock 2012;Lvovsky 2021).”
From To Protect and to Serve: Police, Power, and the Production of Inequality in the United States (2024) · cites this paper as Lvovsky 2021
Vice squads and plainclothes officers developed surveillance techniques to observe and police gay and lesbian life.
“Vice squads and plainclothes officers developed surveillance techniques to observe and police gay and lesbian life (Lvovsky 2021, pp. 98, 184-193).”
From To Protect and to Serve: Police, Power, and the Production of Inequality in the United States (2024) · cites this paper as Lvovsky 2021
Cited by
Sorted by citations
To Protect and to Serve: Police, Power, and the Production of Inequality in the United States
Felker-Kantor, M. (2024) · Crime and Justice · doi:10.1086/732194 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- Lvovsky, A.
- Corresponding author
- Lvovsky, Anna
- Venue
- University of Chicago Press eBooks
- Publisher
- University of Chicago Press
- Published
- 2021
- OpenAlex
- W4237606518
- Cited by
- 54
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 35 · 2021: 3
- FWCI
- 15.68
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- University of Chicago Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Policing Practices and Perceptions
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime, Deviance, and Social Control
- Social Sciences › Law › Criminal Justice and Penology
- Keywords
- law enforcement, police
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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