The Liver: Biology and Pathobiology.

Abstract

INTRODUCTION Organizational PriciplesEmbryonic Development of the Liver THE CELLS Gap and Tight Junctions in Liver:Composition, Regulation, and FunctionMotor MoleculesGene Regulation and In Vivo Function of Liver Transcription FactorsThe Hepatocyte Plasma Membrane:Organization, Differentiation, Biogenesis,and TurnoverHepatocyte Basolateral Membrane Organic Anion TransportersThe Hepatocyte Surface:Dynamic PolarityThe Endoplasmic Reticulum and Golgi Complex in Secretory Membrane TransportMolecular Mechanisms of Hepatocellular Vesicle FormationReceptor-Mediated EndocytosisPeroxisomal Assembly, Biology, and Disease Relationship SECTION A: HEPATOCYTE:METABOLISM Integrated Cell Function:ApoptosisFundamentals of Cellular OsmoregulationRoles of Intracellular Proteolysis in Hepatocyte Cell-Cycle,Aging, and Programmed Cell DeathRegulation of Hepatic Cholesterol HomeostasisLeptin and the LiverHypoxic, Ischemic, and Reperfusion Injury to LiverProtective Mechanisms Against Reactive oxygen SpeciesDisorders of Bilirubin MetabolismThe PorphyriasCopper Metabolism and the LiverThe Liver and Iron SECTION B:BILE SECRETION The Biology of the Bile CanaliculusConjugate Export Pumps of the Multidrug Resistance Protein (MRP) Family in LiverGenetic Defects of Canalicular TransportHormonal Regulation of Bile SecretionNucleotide Transport and Regulation of Bile FormationThe Pathobiology of Biliary Epithelia SECTION C:SINUSOIDAL CELLS Endothelial and Pit CellsHepatic Stellate Cells:Morphology, Function, and Regulation SECTION D:EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX The Extracellular Matrix of the LiverIntegrins INTERRELATED CELL FUNCTIONS Role of Inositol Trisphosphate and Diacylglycerol in the Regulation of Liver FunctionSynthesis of an Signaling Through D-3 PhosphoinositidesInsulin and Other Growth FactorsCyclic AMP Signaling in the Liver:Coupling Transcription to Psysiology and ProliferationCA2+ Signaling in the LiverNitric Oxide in the LiverInterleukin-6 Signaling During the Acute-Phase Response of the LiverInnate Immune Sensing and the Toll-Like ReceptorsLiver RegenerationHepatocyte Growth Factor:Its Role in Hepatic Growth and Pathobiology THE ORGANRELATION TO OTHER ORGANSHepatic EncephalopathyAlterations of the Kidney in Liver Disease PATHOBIOLOGIC ANLYSISMolecular Pathophysiology of Membrane Transport Function in CholestasisThe Biology of Portal Hypertension1-Antitrypsin DeficiencyPathophysiology of Liver FibrosisAlcoholic and Nonalcoholic SteatohepatitisSchistosomiasis:A Model of Immunologically Mediated Liver DiseaseImmune Mechanisms of Viral Clearance, and Disease Pathogenesis During Viral HepatitisEpidemiology, Natural History, and Prevention of Viral HepatitisMolecular Bases of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C Related Chronic Liver DiseaseMolecular Biology of Hepatitis VirusesLiver Transplantation:Factors Affecting the Balance Between Tolerance and Rejection in Experimental ModelsViral Hepatitis:Antiviral Therapy HORIZONSTissue Engineering of the LiverA Genomic View of Hepatology:Th