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Drugs, Violence, and State-Sponsored Protection Rackets in Mexico and Colombia

Snyder, Richard, Durán Martínez, Angélica·2009·Colombia Internacional

Abstract

Illegality does not necessarily breed violence. The relationship between illicit markets and violence depends on institutions of protection. When state-sponsored protection rackets form, illicit markets can be peaceful. Conversely, the breakdown of state-sponsored protection rackets, which may result from well-meaning policy reforms intended to reduce corruption and improve law enforcement, can lead to violence. The cases of drug trafficking in contemporary Mexico and Colombia show how a focus on the emergence and breakdown of state-sponsored protection rackets helps explain variation in levels of violence both within and across illicit markets.

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Crossref · 10.7440/colombiaint70.2009.03

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Figure 1 The geography of enforcement and criminality
Figure 1 The geography of enforcement and criminalityCC-BY-NC-ND · From the PDF
Figure 2 Redrawing the boundaries of enforcement in Mexico: New jurisdictions created by the reform of the PGR in 1996
Figure 2 Redrawing the boundaries of enforcement in Mexico: New jurisdictions created by the reform of the PGR in 1996CC-BY-NC-ND · From the PDF

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Research works printed but not linked: 15

  1. Andreas, Peter. 2000. Border games: Policing the US-Mexico divide. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
  2. Archer, John. E. 1999. Poaching gangs and violence: the urban-rural divide in nineteenth-century Lancashire. British Journal of Criminology 39 (1): 25-38.
  3. Camacho, Álvaro, and López, Andrés. 2001. From smugglers to drug lords, to "traquetos": Changes in the Colombian illicit drugs organizations. In Peace, democracy, and human rights in Colombia, eds. Christopher Welna, and Gustavo Gallón, 60-89. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame Press.
  4. Dal Bó, Ernesto, Pedro Dal Bó, and Rafael Di Tella. 2006. "Plata o plomo?": Bribe and punishment in a theory of political influence. American Political Science Review 100 (1): 41-53.
  5. Falleti, Tulia. 2005. A sequential theory of decentralization: Latin American cases in comparative perspective. American Political Science Review 99 (3): 327-346.
  6. Gambetta, Diego. 1996. The Sicilian Mafia: The business of private protection. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  7. Haggard, Stephan, Silvia Maxfield, and Ben Ross Schneider. 1997. Theories of business and business-State relations. In Business and the State in developing countries, eds. Silvia Maxfield and Ben Ross Schneider, 36-60. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.
  8. Kenney, Michael. 2007. From Pablo to Osama: Trafficking and terrorist networks, government bureaucracies and competitive adaptation. University Park: Penn- sylvania State University Press.
  9. Linz, Juan. 1990. Perils of presidentialism. Journal of Democracy 1 (1): 51-69.
  10. Lupsha, Peter A. 1991. Drug lords and narco-corruption: the players change but the game continues. Crime, Law and Social Change 16 (1): 41-58.
  11. Reuter, Peter. 2009. Systemic violence in drug markets. Crime, Law and Social Change 52 (3): 275-284.
  12. Romero, M. (2002). Democratización política y contrarreforma paramilitar en Colombia. Política y Sociedad 39 (1): 273-292.
  13. Skaperdas, Stergios, and Constantinos Syropoulos. 1995. Gangs as primitive states. In The economics of organized crime, eds. Gianluca Fiorentini and Sam Peltzman. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press.
  14. Snyder, Richard. 2006. Does lootable wealth breed disorder? A political economy of extraction framework. Comparative Political Studies 39 (8): 943-968.
  15. Snyder, Richard and Ravi Bhavnani. 2005. Diamonds, blood, and taxes. A revenue-centered framework for explaining political order. Journal of Conflict Resolution 49 (4): 563-597.

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Metadata

Authors
Snyder, R., & Durán Martínez, A.
Venue
Colombia Internacional
Published
2009-07-01
Issue
70
Pages
61-91
ISSN
  • 1900-6004
  • 0121-5612
Cited by
49
References
0

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