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GRAM domain proteins specialize functionally distinct ER-PM contact sites in human cells

Besprozvannaya, Marina, Dickson, Eamonn, Li, Hao, Ginburg, Kenneth S, Bers, Donald M, Auwerx, Johan, Nunnari, Jodi·2018·eLife

Abstract

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane contact sites (MCSs) are crucial regulatory hubs in cells, playing roles in signaling, organelle dynamics, and ion and lipid homeostasis. Previous work demonstrated that the highly conserved yeast Ltc/Lam sterol transporters localize and function at ER MCSs. Our analysis of the human family members, GRAMD1a and GRAMD2a, demonstrates that they are ER-PM MCS proteins, which mark separate regions of the plasma membrane (PM) and perform distinct functions in vivo. GRAMD2a, but not GRAMD1a, co-localizes with the E-Syt2/3 tethers at ER-PM contacts in a PIP lipid-dependent manner and pre-marks the subset of PI(4,5)P2-enriched ER-PM MCSs utilized for STIM1 recruitment. Data from an analysis of cells lacking GRAMD2a suggest that it is an organizer of ER-PM MCSs with pleiotropic functions including calcium homeostasis. Thus, our data demonstrate the existence of multiple ER-PM domains in human cells that are functionally specialized by GRAM-domain containing proteins.

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Crossref · 10.7554/elife.31019

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  • Members of the Aster family have a central cholesterol-binding pocket flanked by a GRAM domain at the N-terminus and an ER transmembrane domain at the C-terminus.

    “Members of this family have a central cholesterol-binding pocket that is flanked by a GRAM domain at the N-terminus and an ER transmembrane domain at the C-terminus.”

    From Aster-dependent nonvesicular transport facilitates dietary cholesterol uptake (2023) · cites this paper as [27]

    Figure 1A (Introduction) describes GRAMD1a–c as having a GRAM domain, a predicted sterol-transport VaST domain, and an ER-anchoring transmembrane domain. The Results describe the corresponding domain order, but the paper does not identify the VaST domain as a central cholesterol-binding pocket; that structural detail is not supported by this copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • The GRAM domain binds the plasma membrane in response to cholesterol loading, allowing Asters to transfer cholesterol down a concentration gradient from the plasma membrane to the ER.

    “The GRAM domain binds the PM in response to cholesterol loading, allowing Asters to transfer cholesterol down a concentration gradient from the PM to the ER.”
  • Aster proteins bind cholesterol and facilitate its movement between membranes.

    “Aster proteins (Aster-A, -B, and -C; encoded by Gramd1a, Gramd1b, and Gramd1c) bind cholesterol and facilitate its movement between membranes (25–27).”
  • GRAMD1/Aster proteins are embedded in the ER membrane and cluster at ER-PM contact sites.

    “These proteins are embedded in the ER membrane and cluster at sites where the ER membrane contacts the PM (26).”

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Metadata

Authors
Besprozvannaya, M., Dickson, E., Li, H., Ginburg, K. S., Bers, D. M., Auwerx, J., & Nunnari, J.
Affiliations
  • Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
  • Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
  • Laboratory of Integrative and Systems Physiology, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
  • Department of Pharmacology, University of California, Davis, Davis, United States
Venue
eLife
Published
2018-02-22
Volume
7
ISSN
2050-084X
Cited by
128
References
2
Language
en
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (F32GM117689)
  • National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM062942, R01GM097432)

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