The DOI matches its Crossref record.
This Place Will Become Home: Refugee Repatriation to Ethiopia
Abstract
How do communities grapple with the challenges of reconstruction after conflicts? In one of the first in-depth ethnographic accounts of refugee repatriation anywhere in the world, Laura C. Hammond follows the story of Ada Bai, a returnee settlement with a population of some 7,500 people. In the days when refugees first arrived, Ada Bai was an empty field along Ethiopia's northwest border, but it is now a viable—arguably thriving—community. For the former refugees who fled from northern Ethiopia to eastern Sudan to escape war and famine in 1984 and returned to their country of birth in 1993, "coming home" really meant creating a new home out of an empty space. Settling in a new area, establishing social and kin ties, and inventing social practices, returnees gradually invested their environment with meaning and began to consider their settlement home. Hammond outlines the roles that gender and generational differences played in this process and how the residents came to define the symbolic and geographical boundaries of Ada Bai. Drawing on her fieldwork from 1993 to 1995 and regular shorter periods since, Hammond describes the process by which a place is made meaningful through everyday practice and social interaction. This Place Will Become Home provides insight into how people cope with extreme economic hardship, food insecurity, and limited access to international humanitarian or development assistance in their struggle to attain economic self-sufficiency.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The importance of social support from the community and organisations in areas of return has been highlighted by authors as well”
From Who reintegrates? The constituents of reintegration of displaced populations (2018) · cites this paper as Hammond, 2004
Citations
Cites
Still being checked.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Cultural geographies of migration: mobility, transnationality and diaspora
Blunt, A. (2007) · Progress in Human Geography · doi:10.1177/0309132507078945 · Cited by 359
Reconceptualising Children’s Agency as Continuum and Interdependence
Abebe, T. (2019) · Social Sciences · doi:10.3390/socsci8030081 · Cited by 278
Turton, D. (2005) · Journal of Refugee Studies · doi:10.1093/refuge/fei031 · Cited by 176
Flight and Exile—Uncertainty in the Context of Conflict-Induced Displacement
Horst, C., & Grabska, K. (2015) · Social Analysis · doi:10.3167/sa.2015.590101 · Cited by 171
The Rhetoric and Reality of Localisation: Refugee-Led Organisations in Humanitarian Governance
Pincock, K., Betts, A., & Easton‐Calabria, E. (2020) · The Journal of Development Studies · doi:10.1080/00220388.2020.1802010 · Cited by 141
The temporal, social, spatial, and legal dimensions of return and onward migration
Jeffery, L. R., & Murison, J. (2010) · Population Space and Place · doi:10.1002/psp.606 · Cited by 122
Vandevoordt, R. (2017) · Journal of Refugee Studies · doi:10.1093/jrs/fex017 · Cited by 81
2. Conceptualising Displacement and Migration: Processes, Conditions, and Categories
Bakewell, O. (2022) · Berghahn Books · doi:10.1515/9780857451927-005 · Cited by 75
Pincock, K., Betts, A., & Easton‐Calabria, E. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108848831 · Cited by 75
Oeppen, C. (2013) · Global Networks · doi:10.1111/glob.12008 · Cited by 69
The Comprehensive Refugee Response Framework: A Commentary
Hansen, R. (2018) · Journal of Refugee Studies · doi:10.1093/jrs/fey020 · Cited by 66
‘The sweet memories of home have gone’: displaced people searching for home in a liminal space
Murcia, L. E. P. (2018) · Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies · doi:10.1080/1369183x.2018.1491299 · Cited by 65
Omata, N. (2013) · Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies · doi:10.1080/1369183x.2013.778149 · Cited by 60
Placing Refuge and the Archaeology of Indigenous Hinterlands in Colonial California
Schneider, T. D. (2015) · American Antiquity · doi:10.7183/0002-7316.80.4.695 · Cited by 47
Kochan, D. (2016) · Geoforum · doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2016.02.021 · Cited by 51
Intersectionality and Durable Solutions for Refugee Women in Africa
Yacob‐Haliso, O. (2016) · Journal of Peacebuilding & Development · doi:10.1080/15423166.2016.1236698 · Cited by 54
Perkiss, S., & Moerman, L. (2017) · Accounting Auditing & Accountability Journal · doi:10.1108/aaaj-06-2016-2582 · Cited by 42
Refugees and Their Return Home: Unsettling Matters
Zetter, R. (2020) · Journal of Refugee Studies · doi:10.1093/jrs/feab005 · Cited by 40
Dispersal, division and diversification: durable solutions and Sudanese refugees in Uganda
Kaiser, T. (2010) · Journal of Eastern African Studies · doi:10.1080/17531050903550116 · Cited by 45
Ageing in Place Over Time: The Making and Unmaking of Home
Webber, R., May, V., & Lewis, C. (2022) · Sociological Research Online · doi:10.1177/13607804221089351 · Cited by 36
Massa, A. (2018) · Geoforum · doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2018.01.007 · Cited by 41
Sorgen, A. (2015) · Applied Linguistics Review · doi:10.1515/applirev-2015-0012 · Cited by 34
Sou, G., & Webber, R. (2019) · Geoforum · doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2019.08.007 · Cited by 30
‘Blood Doesn’t Become Water’? Syrian Social Relations during Displacement
Lokot, M. (2018) · Journal of Refugee Studies · doi:10.1093/jrs/fey059 · Cited by 29
Medical Humanitarianism: Anthropologists Speak Out on Policy and Practice
Abramowitz, S. A., Marten, M. G., & Panter‐Brick, C. (2014) · Medical Anthropology Quarterly · doi:10.1111/maq.12139 · Cited by 27
Palmer, J. J., & Storeng, K. T. (2016) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.09.011 · Cited by 26
Bulgur Marriages and "Big" Women: Navigating Relatedness in Guinean Refugee Camps
Gale, L. A. (2007) · Anthropological Quarterly · doi:10.1353/anq.2007.0025 · Cited by 26
Returning and Deporting Irregular Migrants: Not a Solution to the ‘Refugee Crisis’
DeBono, D. (2016) · Human Geography · doi:10.1177/194277861600900210 · Cited by 25
Tete, S. Y. A. (2011) · Geoforum · doi:10.1016/j.geoforum.2011.07.009 · Cited by 24
Borders and the Rhythms of Displacement, Emplacement and Mobility
Ballinger, P. (2012) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118255223.ch22 · Cited by 24
Kassa, S. C. (2016) · Childhood · doi:10.1177/0907568216637655 · Cited by 23
Kaiser, T. (2008) · Mobilities · doi:10.1080/17450100802376670 · Cited by 25
The Return of Displaced Nuer in Southern Sudan: Women Becoming Men?
Grabska, K. (2013) · Development and Change · doi:10.1111/dech.12051 · Cited by 22
Murcia, L. E. P. (2020) · Migration Studies · doi:10.1093/migration/mnaa020 · Cited by 20
Horst, C., & Nur, A. I. (2016) · Development and Change · doi:10.1111/dech.12233 · Cited by 18
Wiegink, N. (2013) · Anthropological Quarterly · doi:10.1353/anq.2013.0014 · Cited by 18
Jahn, I. R., & Wilhelm‐Solomon, M. (2015) · Critical African Studies · doi:10.1080/21681392.2015.1024872 · Cited by 17
Experiences of ‘sensory space-time compression’ in migrant homemaking
Webber, R. (2023) · Social & Cultural Geography · doi:10.1080/14649365.2023.2183246 · Cited by 19
Al-Sayed, L., & Bieling, C. (2021) · Journal of Refugee Studies · doi:10.1093/jrs/feab069 · Cited by 16
Southern Sudanese Narratives of Displacement, and the Ambiguity of “Voice”
Kindersley, N. (2015) · History in Africa · doi:10.1017/hia.2015.3 · Cited by 16
Governmentality in Motion: 25 Years of Ethiopia’s Experience of Famine and Migration Policy
Hammond, L. (2011) · Mobilities · doi:10.1080/17450101.2011.590038 · Cited by 15
Self-citationMiletzki, J. (2019) · Migration and Development · doi:10.1080/21632324.2019.1627785 · Cited by 15
Landscape and memory in peasant–state relations in Eritrea
Poole, A. (2009) · The Journal of Peasant Studies · doi:10.1080/03066150903353926 · Cited by 14
Crouch, C. L. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108579797 · Cited by 15
Post‐Return Transnationalism and the Iraqi Displacement in Syria and Jordan
Iaria, V. (2013) · International Migration · doi:10.1111/imig.12143 · Cited by 13
Contingent Homes: Mobility and Long-Term Conflict in the Contested Periphery of Georgia
Aydemir, G. (2020) · Journal of Refugee Studies · doi:10.1093/jrs/feab004 · Cited by 13
Narrating homes in process: Everyday politics of migrant childhoods
McDonnell, S. (2020) · Childhood · doi:10.1177/0907568220961138 · Cited by 14
Dziekońska, M. (2024) · Mobilities · doi:10.1080/17450101.2024.2366858 · Cited by 12
Temporalities at sea: Fast time and slow time onboard ocean-going merchant vessels
Turgo, N. N. (2020) · Ethnography · doi:10.1177/1466138120923371 · Cited by 12
Engendering homeland: migration, diaspora and feminism in Ethiopian music
Webster-Kogen, I. (2013) · Journal of African Cultural Studies · doi:10.1080/13696815.2013.793160 · Cited by 11
Making homes here and away: Korean German nurses and practices of diasporic belonging
Kim, H. (2019) · Journal of Cultural Geography · doi:10.1080/08873631.2019.1595335 · Cited by 11
Gendering Space for Forcibly Displaced Women and Children: Concepts, Policies and Guidelines
Zetter, R., & Boano, C. (2009) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-90-481-2825-9_10 · Cited by 11
Beauty and Beautification in Refugees’ Lives and Their Implications for Refugee Policy
Acker, S. (2023) · Refuge Canada s Journal on Refuge · doi:10.25071/1920-7336.41080 · Cited by 10
Losing and finding home twice: Ukrainian women’s experiences of secondary internal displacement
Howlett, M., & Дворніченко, Д. Ю. (2025) · Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies · doi:10.1080/1369183x.2025.2499712 · Cited by 10
“I want the world back”: Pandemic loneliness, bodies, and places
Parsons, M. A., Mason, K. A., Wurtz, H., & Willen, S. S. (2024) · Ethos · doi:10.1111/etho.12423 · Cited by 10
Palestine online: an emerging virtual homeland?
Stamatopoulou-Robbins, S. (2005) · Cited by 10
Who reintegrates? The constituents of reintegration of displaced populations
Fransen, S., & Bilgili, Ö. (2018) · Population, Space and Place · doi:10.1002/psp.2140 · Cited by 12
“Never had the hand”: Distribution and inequality in the diverse economy of a refugee camp
Trapp, M. M. (2018) · Economic Anthropology · doi:10.1002/sea2.12105 · Cited by 9
“We always remember the Island”: Puerto Rican climate migrants’ emotional meanings of home
Blackwell, R. M., Aranda, E. M., & Rosa, A. (2023) · Emotion, space and society · doi:10.1016/j.emospa.2023.100974 · Cited by 9
Carceral domesticities: An introduction
Krishnan, S., & Antona, L. (2023) · Environment and Planning D Society and Space · doi:10.1177/02637758231218070 · Cited by 9
Diasporic returns to the city: Anglo-Indian and Jewish visits to Calcutta
Blunt, A., Bonnerjee, J., & Hysler-Rubin, N. (2011) · South Asian Diaspora · doi:10.1080/19438192.2012.634560 · Cited by 9
Beyond Voluntary Return: A critical ethnographic study of refugees who departed Israel ‘voluntarily’
Fennig, M. (2018) · International Social Work · doi:10.1177/0020872818808560 · Cited by 9
Strand, A., Bendixsen, S. K. N., Paasche, E., & Schultz, J. (2011) · BIBSYS Brage (BIBSYS (Norway)) · Cited by 9
‘There it will be better … ’: Southern Sudanese in Khartoum imagining a new ‘home’ away from ‘home’
Schultz, U. (2013) · Identities · doi:10.1080/1070289x.2013.829772 · Cited by 8
Dias, A. M. (2011) · Cadernos de Estudos Africanos · doi:10.4000/cea.384 · Cited by 8
Refugee repatriation and ongoing transnationalisms
Weima, Y. (2017) · Transnational Social Review · doi:10.1080/21931674.2016.1277857 · Cited by 8
Ting, W. (2018) · Journal of Refugee Studies · doi:10.1093/jrs/fey032 · Cited by 8
Gendered disciplinary apparatuses and carceral domesticities in Singapore’s labour-migration regime
Antona, L. (2023) · Environment and Planning D Society and Space · doi:10.1177/02637758231216394 · Cited by 7
‘I Kept My Gun’: Displacement’s Impact on Reshaping Social Distinction During Return
Akoi, A. D., & Pendle, N. (2020) · Journal of Refugee Studies · doi:10.1093/jrs/feaa087 · Cited by 7
Anti-sedentarism and the anthropology of forced migration
Parent, N. (2022) · Suomen Antropologi Journal of the Finnish Anthropological Society · doi:10.30676/jfas.v46i2.110269 · Cited by 7
Omata, N. (2016) · Transnational Social Review · doi:10.1080/21931674.2016.1175145 · Cited by 7
Localizing Transitional Justice: Civil Society Practices and Initiatives in the Balkans
Volčić, Z., & Simić, O. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-5422-9_1 · Cited by 7
Janzen, J. M. (2016) · Journal of Public Health Policy · doi:10.1057/s41271-016-0008-1 · Cited by 7
Diasporic Discourse Online: Imagining the Homeland in Cyberspace
Giger, R. C. (2012) · The Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies · doi:10.22439/cjas.v28i2.3430 · Cited by 6
Lubkemann, S. C. (2016) · Conflict and Society · doi:10.3167/arcs.2016.020105 · Cited by 6
Administrative and ethno-linguistic boundaries of Western Tigray (Ethiopia) since 1683
Nyssen, J., & Demissie, B. (2023) · Journal of Maps · doi:10.1080/17445647.2023.2257249 · Cited by 6
Assembling land control after displacement: some reflections from rural Southern Sudan
Newhouse, L. S. (2016) · The Journal of Peasant Studies · doi:10.1080/03066150.2016.1191472 · Cited by 6
Ethnic minorities and sustainable refugee return and reintegration in Kosovo
Özerdem, A., & Payne, L. (2019) · Conflict Security and Development · doi:10.1080/14678802.2019.1631601 · Cited by 5
Risk and social transformation: gender and forced migration
Kaiser, T. (2016) · Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks · doi:10.4337/9781849808927.00019 · Cited by 5
IDENTITY AND PLACE IN EXTENDED EXILE: THE CASE OF A PALESTINIAN REFUGEE CITY-CAMP
Woroniecka‐Krzyżanowska, D. (2013) · Cited by 5
Tallio, V. (2012) · e-Migrinter · doi:10.4000/e-migrinter.757 · Cited by 5
The anthropology of Ethiopia 1999-2011: highlights and trends
Abbink, G. J. (2011) · Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) · Cited by 5
The aftermath of aid : Medical insecurity in the Northern Somali region of Ethiopia
Carruth, L. (2023) · UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona) · doi:10.57912/23844387 · Cited by 5
The ship as home: homemaking practices amongst Filipino seafarers at sea
Turgo, N. N. (2023) · Mobilities · doi:10.1080/17450101.2023.2257396 · Cited by 4
Puddu, L. (2022) · Critical African Studies · doi:10.1080/21681392.2022.2076705 · Cited by 4
Refugee Camp as Mediating Locality: Memory and Place in Protracted Exile
Woroniecka‐Krzyżanowska, D. (2016) · Palgrave Macmillan UK eBooks · doi:10.1057/978-1-137-57549-4_3 · Cited by 4
Davis, K., Ghorashi, H., Smets, P., & Eijberts, M. (2018) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-78743-206-220181001 · Cited by 4
Refuge, Return, Repeat: A Perpetual Calculus for Palestinian Refugees from Syria Post-Assad
Diab, J. L., & El‐Zakka, Y. (2025) · Journal of International Migration and Integration / Revue de l integration et de la migration internationale · doi:10.1007/s12134-025-01302-9 · Cited by 3
High-life in a high-rise: Governing urban marginality during COVID-19 in Colombo, Sri Lanka
Fernando, A. M. (2024) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2024.105172 · Cited by 3
Cornish, G. (2024) · Population Space and Place · doi:10.1002/psp.2859 · Cited by 3
Nelson, A. N. (2020) · Journal of Refugee Studies · doi:10.1093/jrs/feaa079 · Cited by 3
Lokot, M. (2023) · IMISCOE research series · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-24974-7_9 · Cited by 3
‘Empty returns’: home and its unmaking during Greek-Cypriot refugee women’s return visits
Peristianis, C. (2023) · Social & Cultural Geography · doi:10.1080/14649365.2023.2296479 · Cited by 3
Virtanen, P. (2015) · Diaspora A Journal of Transnational Studies · doi:10.3138/diaspora.18.3.253 · Cited by 3
Intelligible accounting for the future: a critical study of worth and (dis)placement
Perkiss, S. (2014) · Research Online (University of Wollongong) · Cited by 3
The Khachchara of Kathmandu – mobility, situatedness and ethnic identification
Ellingsen, W. (2016) · Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies · doi:10.1080/1369183x.2016.1217151 · Cited by 2
Transnational Circulation of Home Through Objects: A Multisited Ethnography in Peruvian ‘Homes’
Murcia, L. E. P. (2023) · IMISCOE research series · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-23125-4_11 · Cited by 2
¿Sujetos peligrosos? Repatriados españoles desde la URSS en la Provincia de Vizcaya, 1956-1963
Young, G. J. (1970) · Cuadernos de Historia Contemporánea · doi:10.5209/chco.54292 · Cited by 2
da Costa, D. F. (2023) · Journal of Eastern African Studies · doi:10.1080/17531055.2023.2259547 · Cited by 2
Poverty, Income Inequalities and Migration in the Global South
Casentini, G., Hammond, L., & Bakewell, O. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-39814-8_17 · Cited by 2
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Hammond, L. C.
- Corresponding author
- Hammond, Laura C.
- ORCID
- Hammond, Laura C.
- Venue
- Cornell University Press eBooks
- Publisher
- Cornell University Press
- Published
- 2004-01-01
- OpenAlex
- W1509233112
- Cited by
- 167
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 3.28
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Cornell University Press eBooks (publishedVersion)
- SOAS Research Online (SOAS University of London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Migration and Exile Studies
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › African history and culture analysis
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Migration, Refugees, and Integration
- Keywords
- refugee return, post-conflict reconstruction, northern Ethiopia, Sudan, social ties, kinship, gender roles, generational differences, place-making, food insecurity, economic self-reliance, humanitarian aid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review