Causes of Cancer in the World: Comparative Risk Assessment of Nine Behavioral and Environmental Risk Factors

Abstract

Some malignancies have very few technologies available for screening, and advancements in cancer therapy have not been as effective in lowering death as those for other chronic diseases. The major method for decreasing cancer incidence is primary avoidance through dietary and environmental changes. The potentially reversible risk factors were projected to be responsible for cancer-related mortality worldwide. Of these fatalities, many of the cases occurred in high-income nations, whereas very few cases did so in low- and middle-income countries. Risk factors in Europe and Central Asia were responsible for the majority of cancer mortality in low- and middle-income regions. Smoking, drinking alcohol, and eating few fruits and vegetables were some of the primary factors that contributed to cancer mortality both globally and in low- and middle-income countries. In high-income countries, alcohol consumption, smoking, and obesity were the main cancer-causing factors. The sexual transmission of the human papillomavirus is one of the leading risk factors for cervical cancer in women in low- and middle-income countries.