The DOI matches its Crossref record; 22 of the 22 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Use of Botulinum Toxin in Spasmodic Dysphonia: A Review of Recent Studies
Open accessAbstract
Spasmodic dysphonia (SD), also known as laryngeal dystonia, is a neurological voice disorder that causes involuntary spasms of the vocal cord muscles. This impacts speech to varying degrees and results in strained and strangled voice quality, as in adductor spasmodic dysphonia, or weak, quiet, and breathy, as in abductor spasmodic dysphonia. While there is currently no cure for SD, voice therapy and chemodenervation with botulinum toxin (btx) injections remain the mainstay of management. Surgery may be performed in some cases; however, btx injections are widely used to treat both adductor and abductor forms of SD. While btx injections may show vocal improvement in both types of SD, results can depend on several factors such as the general health of the patient, onset and severity of the condition, dosage, interval between injections, and expertise of the practitioner. While many studies have documented the efficacy of btx for improving vocal symptoms in individuals with SD, this review aims to discuss some of those studies from the last 10 years.
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“Despite treatment options, these disorders are chronic conditions that result in significant impairments in communication and psychosocial functioning.12,16,17”
From Analysis of Information Needs Among Patients With Neurological Voice Disorders Treated With Laryngeal Botulinum Toxin Injection (2026) · cites this paper as [17]
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Research priorities in spasmodic dysphonia
Ludlow, C. L., Adler, C. H., Berke, G. S., Bielamowicz, S. A., Blitzer, A., Bressman, S., Hallett, M., Jinnah, H. A., Juergens, U. R., Martin, S. B., et al. (2008) · Otolaryngology · doi:10.1016/j.otohns.2008.05.624 · Cited by 181
Kendall, K. A., & Leonard, R. J. (2010) · Journal of Voice · doi:10.1016/j.jvoice.2009.08.003 · Cited by 54
A separation of innate and learned vocal behaviors defines the symptomatology of spasmodic dysphonia
Guiry, S., Worthley, A., & Simonyan, K. (2018) · The Laryngoscope · doi:10.1002/lary.27617 · Cited by 45
Surgery or Botulinum Toxin for Adductor Spasmodic Dysphonia: A Comparative Study
Mendelsohn, A. H., & Berke, G. S. (2012) · Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology · doi:10.1177/000348941212100408 · Cited by 32
Schuering, J. H. C., Heijnen, B. J., Sjögren, E. V., & Langeveld, A. P. M. (2019) · The Laryngoscope · doi:10.1002/lary.28105 · Cited by 28
Esposito, M., Dubbioso, R., Apisa, P., Allocca, R., Santoro, L., & Cesari, U. (2015) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10072-015-2239-5 · Cited by 26
Spasmodic dysphonia: An overview of clinical features and treatment options
Sanuki, T. (2022) · Auris Nasus Larynx · doi:10.1016/j.anl.2022.05.012 · Cited by 25
Differentiating between adductor and abductor spasmodic dysphonia using airflow interruption
Hoffman, M. R., Jiang, J. J., Rieves, A. L., McElveen, K. A. B., & Ford, C. N. (2009) · The Laryngoscope · doi:10.1002/lary.20572 · Cited by 24
Considerations for Initial Dosing of Botulinum Toxin in Treatment of Adductor Spasmodic Dysphonia
Rosow, D. E., Parikh, P. P., Vivero, R. J., Casiano, R. R., & Lundy, D. S. (2013) · Otolaryngology · doi:10.1177/0194599813484685 · Cited by 23
Factors Influencing Botulinum Toxin Dose Instability in Spasmodic Dysphonia Patients
Rosow, D. E., Pechman, A., Saint‐Victor, S., Lo, K., Lundy, D. S., & Casiano, R. R. (2014) · Journal of Voice · doi:10.1016/j.jvoice.2014.08.011 · Cited by 21
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Clinical neurophysiology in the treatment of movement disorders: IFCN handbook chapter
Lefaucheur, J., Moro, E., Shirota, Y., Ugawa, Y., Grippe, T. C., Chen, R. E., Benninger, D. H., Jabbari, B., Attaripour, S., Hallett, M., et al. (2024) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2024.05.007 · Cited by 14
Xu, X., Saleh, E., Lacke, M. R., Jiang, J. J., & Zhuang, P. (2023) · Journal of Voice · doi:10.1016/j.jvoice.2023.08.015 · Cited by 5
Laryngeal Dystonia, Dystonic Tremor and Vocal Tremor: Three Different Entities
Pinto, J. V., Pérez, S. S., & García-López, I. (2023) · Journal of Voice · doi:10.1016/j.jvoice.2023.11.017 · Cited by 4
Patient-Reported Outcomes after False Vocal Folds Injections for Adductor Spasmodic Dysphonia
Larsen, D., Olejniczak, M., Kerevel, Y. P., Adkins, L. K., McWhorter, A. J., & Kunduk, M. (2024) · Journal of Voice · doi:10.1016/j.jvoice.2024.05.005 · Cited by 2
Therapy with botulinum neurotoxin for Parkinson’s disease
Jost, W. H., & Berberovic, E. (2024) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-024-02805-y · Cited by 2
Laryngeal dystonia and vocal tremor response to botulinum toxin injection
Pinto, J. V., & García‐López, I. (2024) · European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology · doi:10.1007/s00405-024-09111-z · Cited by 1
Hurt, C. C., Madden, L. L., Waters, C. M., Wright, S. C., Russell, G. B., & Ruckart, K. W. (2026) · Journal of Voice · doi:10.1016/j.jvoice.2025.12.030
Frucht, S. J., & Termsarasab, P. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-52573-5_12
Potential applications of botulinum toxin formulations in addressing postnasal syndrome
Stepanova, V. A., Rusetsky, Y. Y., Vasilenko, D. Y., Meytel, I., & Scheglov, A. N. (2024) · Russian Rhinology · doi:10.17116/rosrino202432041301
Factors Affecting Compliance with Botulinum Toxin Injection in Spasmodic Dysphonia Patients
Nerurkar, N. K., Singhal, D., & Sharma, M. (2025) · International Journal of Phonosurgery & Laryngology · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10023-1272
Metadata
- Authors
- Khan, H. A.
- Affiliations
- Royal Lancaster Infirmary (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Khan, Hammaad A
- Venue
- Cureus
- Published
- 2023-01-07
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- e33486-e33486
- ISSN
- 2168-8184 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC9825114
- OpenAlex
- W4313680785
- Cited by
- 9
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 2
- FWCI
- 1.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Cureus (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › Voice and Speech Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Deep Brain Stimulation and Movement Disorders
- Keywords
- spasmodic dysphonia, laryngeal dystonia, botulinum toxin, chemodenervation, adductor spasmodic dysphonia, abductor spasmodic dysphonia, voice therapy, treatment efficacy
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