Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 3Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosisTuberculosis Research and EpidemiologyLymphadenopathy Diagnosis and Analysis

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Role of Surgery in the Treatment of Cervical Lymph Node Tuberculosis

Open access
Tahiri, Ilias, Yacoubi, Rim, Elhouari, Othman, Anajar, Said, Loubna, Taali, Hajjij, Amal, Zalagh, Mohammed, Snoussi, Khalid, Essaadi, Mustapha, Benariba, Fouad·2023·Cureus
DOI 10.7759/cureus.38824PMC PMC10251733
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Cervical lymph node tuberculosis is a public health problem in Morocco and the rest of the world. Its paucibacillary nature makes diagnosis and treatment difficult. This is a descriptive-analytical retrospective study presenting 104 cases of patients with manifestations of cervical lymph node tuberculosis confirmed by pathological examination (100%), associated in some cases with positive bacteriology (40.6%), treated and followed up in the otolaryngology (ENT) department of the Cheikh Khalifa International University Hospital (HUICK) over a period of 5 years and 9 months (from January 01, 2017, to September 30, 2022). In our study, 14 patients (i.e., 13.5%) had a history of tuberculosis (all locations); only four (i.e., 3.8%) of them had confirmed cervical lymph node tuberculosis, of which three were still under treatment: two of them presented for treatment failure (i.e., 1.9%) and one patient for a paradoxical reaction (i.e., 1%). Three pulmonary locations (i.e., 2.9%) and one mediastinal location (i.e., 1%) were found. Surgery associated with histological study was the key to the diagnosis of tuberculosis in our study. Its procedures were: excisional biopsy for 26 patients (i.e., 25%), adenectomy for 54 patients (i.e., 51.9%), lymph node dissection for 15 patients (i.e., 14.4%), and lymphadenectomy for nine patients (i.e., 8.7%). In some cases, drainage (+/- curettage) was recommended in addition to the surgical procedure in 14 patients (i.e., 13.5%). All our patients benefited from post-surgical anti-bacillary treatment. Lymphorrhea was the only operative complication and it affected two patients (i.e., 1.9%). Meanwhile, the relapse rate was 10.6% (i.e., 11 patients), the treatment failure rate was 3.8% (i.e., four patients), and the paradoxical reaction affected 2.9% (i.e., three patients). The latter had all benefited from a simple biopsy. This indicates that a more extensive surgical procedure gives better results with a better healing rate. In conclusion, anti-bacillary treatment remains the reference treatment for lymph node tuberculosis. However, surgery holds great promise as the first-line treatment in case of fistula or abscess or in the event of failure or if complications occur.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.7759/cureus.38824

Cites

2 of 2 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Figures

Figure 1 Case distribution by age
Figure 1 Case distribution by ageCC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 Surgical specimen A : Specimen of single large adenopathy B : Specimen of polyadenopathy Photos from Cheikh Khalifa International University Hospital ENT department.
Figure 2 Surgical specimen A : Specimen of single large adenopathy B : Specimen of polyadenopathy Photos from Cheikh Khalifa International University Hospital ENT department.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 Types of incisions A: Arciform incision centered on the adenopathy 1: Earlobe 2: Incision 3: Clavicle B: Incision of Paul-Andre 4: Chin 5: Internal jugular vein 6: Sternocleidomastoid muscle Photos from Cheikh Khalifa International University Hospital ENT department
Figure 3 Types of incisions A: Arciform incision centered on the adenopathy 1: Earlobe 2: Incision 3: Clavicle B: Incision of Paul-Andre 4: Chin 5: Internal jugular vein 6: Sternocleidomastoid muscle Photos from Cheikh Khalifa International University Hospital ENT departmentCC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 Intra-operative aspect before the drainage of a cold abscess 1: Earlobe 2: Pus Photo from Cheikh Khalifa International University Hospital ENT department
Figure 4 Intra-operative aspect before the drainage of a cold abscess 1: Earlobe 2: Pus Photo from Cheikh Khalifa International University Hospital ENT departmentCC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 5 Jugular chain before and after lymph node removal A: Before lymph node removal B: After lymph node removal 1 : Earlobe 2 : Chin 3 : Adenopathy 4 : Internal jugular vein 5 : Chain of adenopathies 6 : Spinal nerve Photos from Cheikh Khalifa International University Hospital ENT department
Figure 5 Jugular chain before and after lymph node removal A: Before lymph node removal B: After lymph node removal 1 : Earlobe 2 : Chin 3 : Adenopathy 4 : Internal jugular vein 5 : Chain of adenopathies 6 : Spinal nerve Photos from Cheikh Khalifa International University Hospital ENT departmentCC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 6 Incision centered on the adenopathy Photo from Cheikh Khalifa International University Hospital ENT department
Figure 6 Incision centered on the adenopathy Photo from Cheikh Khalifa International University Hospital ENT departmentCC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 7 Polyadenopathy adherent to the spinal nerve 1 : Earlobe 2 : Polyadenopathy 3 : Spinal nerve 4 : Clavicle Photo from Cheikh Khalifa International University Hospital ENT department
Figure 7 Polyadenopathy adherent to the spinal nerve 1 : Earlobe 2 : Polyadenopathy 3 : Spinal nerve 4 : Clavicle Photo from Cheikh Khalifa International University Hospital ENT departmentCC BY · PubMed Central

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 37

  1. Ellner JJ , Jacobson KR. Tuberculosis. Goldman-Cecil Medicine, 26th Edition. Goldman L, Schafer AI (ed): Elsevier, Philadelphia; 2020. 308.
  2. Hamzaoui G, Amro L, Sajiai H, Serhane H, Moumen N, Ennezari A, Yazidi AA. [Lymph node tuberculosis: epidemiology, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects, about 357 cases]. Pan Afr Med J. 2014, 19:157. 10.11604/pamj.2014.19.157.4916 · DOI
  3. Das S, Das D, Bhuyan UT, Saikia N. Head and neck tuberculosis: scenario in a tertiary care hospital of north eastern India. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016, 10:MC04-7. 10.7860/JCDR/2016/17171.7076 · DOI
  4. Jabri H, Lakhdar N, El Khattabi W, Afif H. [Diagnostic means for tuberculosis]. Rev Pneumol Clin. 2016, 72:320-5. 10.1016/j.pneumo.2016.06.003 · DOI
  5. Alleva M, Guida RA, Romo T 3rd, Kimmelman CP. Mycobacterial cervical lymphadenitis: a persistent diagnostic problem. Laryngoscope. 1988, 98:855-7. 10.1288/00005537-198808000-00013 · DOI
  6. Singh A, Tripathi M, Kodan P, et al.. Positron-emission-tomography in tubercular lymphadenopathy: a study on its role in evaluating post-treatment response. Drug Discov Ther. 2021, 15:35-8. 10.5582/ddt.2020.03042 · DOI
  7. Mathew G, Agha R. STROCSS 2021 guidelines: what is new?. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2021, 72:103121. 10.1016/j.amsu.2021.103121 · DOI
  8. El Fadi K. Tuberculose ganglionnaire dans la province de Fkih Ben Saleh, Maroc. Rev Malad Respirat Actualit. 2020, 12:270-1. 10.1016/j.rmra.2019.11.615 · DOI
  9. Benbetka Y, Saadi K, Fissah A. Aspects diagnostiques et thérapeutiques de la tuberculose ganglionnaire périphérique prise en charge au niveau de CHU BEO Alger. Rev Malad Respirat Actualit. 2021, 13:217. 10.1016/j.rmra.2020.11.480 · DOI
  10. Jawahar MS, Rajaram K, Sivasubramanian S, et al.. Treatment of lymph node tuberculosis--a randomized clinical trial of two 6-month regimens. Trop Med Int Health. 2005, 10:1090-8. 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2005.01493.x · DOI
  11. Maiouak S, Benjelloun H, Zaghba N, Aamal F, Belkhel N, Yassine N. La tuberculose ganglionnaire périphérique. Rev Malad Respirat. 2016, 33:170. 10.1016/j.rmr.2015.10.343 · DOI
  12. Adama S, Dicko A, Djibougou A, et al.. Prévalence de la tuberculose bovine dans le lait livré à la consommation dans la zone périurbaine de Bobo-Dioulasso. CAMES. 2022, 10:9.
  13. Kooli I, Gueddiche A, Ghonei O, et al.. La tuberculose abdominale. Revue Médecine interne. 2017, 38:135-6. 10.1016/j.revmed.2017.03.173 · DOI
  14. Papo T. Adénopathie superficielle. AKOS (Traité de Médecine). 2020, 23:1-4.
  15. La Croix C, Mirghani H, Villeneuve A. Adénopathies cervicales de l’adulte. Oto-rhino-laryngologie. 2020, 35:3.
  16. Muyanja D, Kalyesubula R, Namukwaya E, Othieno E, Mayanja-Kizza H. Diagnostic accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology in providing a diagnosis of cervical lymphadenopathy among HIV-infected patients. Afr Health Sci. 2015, 15:107-16. 10.4314/ahs.v15i1.15 · DOI
  17. Mouba JF, Miloundja J, Mimbila-Mayi M, Ndjenkam FT, N'zouba L. [Cervical lymph node tuberculosis in Libreville: epidemiology, diagnosis, and therapy]. Sante. 2011, 21:165-8. 10.1684/san.2011.0269 · DOI
  18. Lanoix JP, Douadi Y, Borel A, Andrejak C, El Samad Y, Ducroix JP, Schmit JL. [Lymph node tuberculosis treatment: from recommendations to practice]. Med Mal Infect. 2011, 41:87-91. 10.1016/j.medmal.2010.09.007 · DOI
  19. Mani R, Belcadhi M, Harrathi K, et al.. [Mycobacterial cervical lymphadenitis: role of surgery]. Rev Laryngol Otol Rhinol (Bord). 2005, 126:99-103.
  20. Mouzali A, Ouennoughi K, Saheb A, Kanoun K, Haraoubia M, Zemirli O. Tuberculose ganglionnaire cervicale : profil épidémiologique et prise en charge chirurgicale. Ann Française Oto-Rhino-Laryngol Patholog Cervico-Faciale. 2012, 129:A133. 10.1016/j.aforl.2012.07.359 · DOI
  21. Zaatar R, Biet A, Smail A, Strunski V, Page C. [Cervical lymph node tuberculosis: diagnosis and treatment]. Ann Otolaryngol Chir Cervicofac. 2009, 126:250-5. 10.1016/j.aorl.2009.09.001 · DOI
  22. Bruzgielewicz A, Rzepakowska A, Osuch-Wójcikewicz E, Niemczyk K, Chmielewski R. Tuberculosis of the head and neck - epidemiological and clinical presentation. Arch Med Sci. 2014, 10:1160-6. 10.5114/aoms.2013.34637 · DOI · Paper page
  23. Daghfous H, Mejri Y, Ben Saad S, Kotti A, Kahloul O, Ben Miled K, Tritar F. Contribution of cervical ultrasound in the diagnosis and follow-up of cervical lymph node tuberculosis. La tunisie Medicale. 2014, 92:63.
  24. Groupe de travail du conseil supérieur d'hygiène publique, France. Diagnostic clinique et bactériologique de la tuberculose. Médecine et maladies infectieuses. 2004, 34:364-70. 10.1016/j.medmal.2004.07.016 · DOI
  25. Ben Brahim H, Kooli I, Aouam A, Toumi A, Loussaief C, Koubaa J, Chakroun M. [Diagnostic and therapeutic management of lymph node tuberculosis in Tunisia]. Pan Afr Med J. 2014, 19:211. 10.11604/pamj.2014.19.211.5213 · DOI
  26. Ben gamra O, Kharrat G. La tuberculose ganglionnaire cervicale. Y-a-t-il encore une place pour la chirurgie. Ann Française Oto-rhino-laryngolo Patholog Cervico-faciale. 2013, 130:151. 10.1016/j.aforl.2013.06.473 · DOI
  27. Aouati S, Sekhri A. Place de la cytoponction à l’aiguille fine dans le diagnostic de la tuberculose ganglionnaire. Morphologie. 2019, 103:74. 10.1016/j.morpho.2019.10.031 · DOI
  28. Chatterjee D, Dey P. Tuberculosis revisited: cytological perspective. Diagn Cytopathol. 2014, 42:993-1001. 10.1002/dc.23190 · DOI
  29. Babay A, Abid R, Hannachi S, Rahma J, Battikh R. Les particularités de la tuberculose chez le sujet agé. Méd Malad Infect Form. 2022, 1:102.
  30. Göpel B, Götte K. [Procedure in case of suspected mycobacterial infection of lymph nodes of the neck. 2. Therapy]. Laryngorhinootologie. 2005, 84:610-9; quiz 621-2. 10.1055/s-2005-870190 · DOI
  31. Chang KC, Leung CC, Yew WW, Ho SC, Tam CM. A nested case-control study on treatment-related risk factors for early relapse of tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2004, 170:1124-30. 10.1164/rccm.200407-905OC · DOI
  32. Kimura Y, Shimada M, Kawashima M, Yamane A, Nagai H, Matsui H. Relapse of cervical tuberculous lymphadenitis immediately after completion of effective anti-tuberculosis treatments. Respirol Case Rep. 2020, 8:e00555. 10.1002/rcr2.555 · DOI
  33. Dassonville O, Falk AT, Poissonnet G. [Cervical lymph nodes: surgeon's point of view]. Cancer Radiother. 2014, 18:549-52. 10.1016/j.canrad.2014.06.020 · DOI
  34. Kermani W, Boutattay R, Ghammem M, et al.. Le traitement de la tuberculose ganglionnaire cervicale a propos de 361 cas. AJOL. 2012, 28:47-50.
  35. Benjelloun A, Darouassi Y, Zakaria Y, Bouchentouf R, Errami N. Lymph nodes tuberculosis: a retrospective study on clinical and therapeutic features. Pan Afr Med J. 2015, 20:65. 10.11604/pamj.2015.20.65.5782 · DOI
  36. Subrahmanyam M. Role of surgery and chemotherapy for peripheral lymph node tuberculosis. Br J Surg. 1993, 80:1547-8. 10.1002/bjs.1800801218 · DOI
  37. Campbell IA. The treatment of superficial tuberculous lymphadenitis. Tubercle. 1990, 71:1-3. 10.1016/0041-3879(90)90052-a · DOI

Cited by

See all 3

Metadata

Authors
Tahiri, I., Yacoubi, R., Elhouari, O., Anajar, S., Loubna, T., Hajjij, A., Zalagh, M., Snoussi, K., Essaadi, M., & Benariba, F.
Affiliations
Université Mohammed VI des Sciences et de la Santé (MA)
Corresponding author
Yacoubi, Rim
ORCID
Hajjij, Amal
Venue
Cureus
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2023-05-10
Volume
15
Issue
5
Pages
e38824-e38824
ISSN
2168-8184 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.7759/cureus.38824
PMC
PMC10251733
OpenAlex
W4380290558
Cited by
3
References
2
Citations by year
2025: 3
FWCI
0.80
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Cureus (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Lymphadenopathy Diagnosis and Analysis
Keywords
scrofula, paucibacillary tuberculosis, surgical treatment, excisional biopsy, lymph node dissection, lymphatic leakage, paradoxical reaction, relapse, tuberculosis treatment, histopathological diagnosis, treatment failure, fistula, Morocco

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.