The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 27 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Understanding and Addressing Mental Health Stigma Across Cultures for Improving Psychiatric Care: A Narrative Review
Open accessAbstract
Stigma, characterized by negative stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination, is a significant impediment in psychiatric care, deterring the timely provision of this care and hindering optimal health outcomes. Pervasive in all aspects of psychiatric care, stigma leads to delayed treatment, increased morbidity, and diminished quality of life for those with poor mental health. Hence, better understanding the impact of stigma across different cultural contexts is critically essential, aiming to inform culturally nuanced strategies to minimize its consequences and contribute to a more equitable and effective psychiatric care system. The purpose of the present literature review is twofold (i) to examine the existing research on the stigma surrounding psychiatry across different cultural contexts and (ii) to identify the commonalities and differences in the nature, magnitude, and consequences of this stigma in different cultures in the psychiatry field. In addition, potential strategies for addressing stigma will be proposed. The review covers a range of countries and cultural settings, emphasizing the importance of understanding cultural nuances to combat stigma and promote mental health awareness globally.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“CBT directly targets the cognitive distortions and catastrophic thinking that sustain panic symptoms, and remains one of the most extensively validated interventions for PD, supported by multiple RCTs and meta-analyses demonstrating efficacy in reducing both panic frequency and sleep-related anxiety [108-110].”
From Pre-Sleep Anxiety: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches in Clinical Practice. (2026) · cites this paper as [108]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Link, B. G., & Phelan, J. C. (2001) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev.soc.27.1.363 · Cited by 8,848
Clement, S., Schauman, O., Graham, T., Maggioni, F., Evans-Lacko, S., Bezborodovs, N., Morgan, C., Rüsch, N., Brown, J. S. L., & Thornicroft, G. (2015) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291714000129 · Cited by 3,152
The Paradox of Self-Stigma and Mental Illness
Corrigan, P. W., & Watson, A. C. (2002) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1093/clipsy.9.1.35 · Cited by 2,058
Internalized stigma of mental illness: psychometric properties of a new measure
Ritsher, J. B., Otilingam, P. G., & Grajales, M. (2003) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2003.08.008 · Cited by 1,727
Link, B. G. (1987) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2095395 · Cited by 1,588
Evidence for effective interventions to reduce mental-health-related stigma and discrimination
Thornicroft, G., Mehta, N., Clement, S., Evans-Lacko, S., Doherty, M., Rose, D., Koschorke, M., Shidhaye, R., O'Reilly, C., & Henderson, C. (2016) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)00298-6 · Cited by 1,338
Alegria, M. M., CANINO, G. J., Ríos, R. E., Vera, M., Calderón, J., Rusch, D. B., & Ortega, A. N. (2002) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.53.12.1547 · Cited by 799
Sirey, J. A., Bruce, M. L., Alexopoulos, G. S., Perlick, D. A., Friedman, S. J., & Meyers, B. S. (2001) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.52.12.1615 · Cited by 796
Rethinking cultural competence
Kirmayer, L. J. (2012) · Transcultural Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1363461512444673 · Cited by 708
Interventions to improve cultural competency in healthcare: a systematic review of reviews
Truong, M., Paradies, Y., & Priest, N. (2014) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/1472-6963-14-99 · Cited by 658
Pinfold, V., Toulmin, H., Thornicroft, G., Huxley, P. J., Farmer, P., & Graham, T. (2003) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.182.4.342 · Cited by 502
Community study of knowledge of and attitude to mental illness in Nigeria
Gureje, O., Lasebikan, V. O., Ephraim-Oluwanuga, O., Olley, B. O., & Kola, L. (2005) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.186.5.436 · Cited by 437
‘Face’ and the embodiment of stigma in China: The cases of schizophrenia and AIDS
Yang, L. H., & Kleinman, A. (2008) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.03.011 · Cited by 393
Resisting the Stigma of Mental Illness
Thoits, P. A. (2011) · Social Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1177/0190272511398019 · Cited by 381
Sartorius, N. (2007) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(07)61245-8 · Cited by 380
The Stigma of Psychiatric Disorders and the Gender, Ethnicity, and Education of the Perceiver
Corrigan, P. W., & Watson, A. C. (2007) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-007-9084-9 · Cited by 335
Toward a new architecture for global mental health
Kirmayer, L. J., & Pedersen, D. (2014) · Transcultural Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/1363461514557202 · Cited by 330
Consumer-providers of care for adult clients of statutory mental health services
Pitt, V. J., Lowe, D. B., Hill, S., Prictor, M., Hetrick, S. E., Ryan, R. E., & Berends, L. (2013) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004807.pub2 · Cited by 291
Lifetime Prevalence of Mental Disorders in Lebanon: First Onset, Treatment, and Exposure to War
Karam, E. G., Mneimneh, Z., Dimassi, H. I., Fayyad, J. A., Karam, A., Nasser, S. C., Chatterji, S., & Kessler, R. C. (2008) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050061 · Cited by 285
Causal beliefs and attitudes to people with schizophrenia
Angermeyer, M. C., & Matschinger, H. (2005) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.186.4.331 · Cited by 280
Knowledge of Alzheimer's disease in four ethnic groups of older adults
Ayalon, L., & Areán, P. A. (2004) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.1037 · Cited by 234
Lessons learned from unintended consequences about erasing the stigma of mental illness
Corrigan, P. W. (2016) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20295 · Cited by 214
Seeking professional help: Etiology beliefs about mental illness across cultures.
Chen, S. X., & Mak, W. W. S. (2008) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0012898 · Cited by 212
Attitudes toward mental health services: Age-group differences in Korean American adults
Jang, Y., Chiriboga, D. A., & Okazaki, S. (2009) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607860802591070 · Cited by 138
Girma, E., Tesfaye, M., Froeschl, G., Möller-Leimkühler, A. M., Müller, N., & Dehning, S. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0082116 · Cited by 125
Stigma and discrimination of mental health problems: workplace implications
Brohan, E., & Thornicroft, G. (2010) · Occupational Medicine · doi:10.1093/occmed/kqq048 · Cited by 78
Al‐Krenawi, A., & Graham, J. R. (2006) · Health Care For Women International · doi:10.1080/07399330500457978 · Cited by 24
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Hughes CC, Wintrob RM. Culture bound syndromes and the cultural context of clinical psychiatry. Rev Psychiat. 1995, 14:565-97.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The youth mental health crisis: analysis and solutions
McGorry, P. D., Gunasiri, H., Mei, C., Rice, S., & Gao, C. X. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1517533 · Cited by 261
Wong, J. C. M., Chua, J. Y. X., Chan, P. Y., & Shorey, S. (2024) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.16127 · Cited by 77
Preventive measures against HIV among Uganda’s youth: Strategies, implementation, and effectiveness
Obeagu, E. I., & Obeagu, G. U. (2024) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000040317 · Cited by 39
Mental health disorders and their impact on cardiovascular health disparities
Vaccarino, V., Prescott, E., Shah, A. J., Bremner, J. D., Raggi, P., Dobilienė, O., Gale, C. P., & Bugiardini, R. (2025) · The Lancet Regional Health - Europe · doi:10.1016/j.lanepe.2025.101373 · Cited by 44
Țenea-Cojan, Ș.-T., Dinescu, V.-C., Gheorman, V., Dragne, I.-G., Gheorman, V., Forțofoiu, M.-C., Forţofoiu, M., & Dobrinescu, A. (2025) · Life · doi:10.3390/life15020251 · Cited by 29
Metadata
- Authors
- Ahad, A. A., Sanchez-Gonzalez, M., & Junquera, P.
- Affiliations
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine (US)
- Florida International University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ahad, Ahmed A
- ORCID
- Junquera, Patricia
- Venue
- Cureus
- Published
- 2023-05-26
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- e39549-e39549
- ISSN
- 2168-8184 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10220277
- OpenAlex
- W4378574446
- Cited by
- 349
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2026: 119 · 2025: 178 · 2024: 50 · 2023: 2
- FWCI
- 17.02
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Cureus (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Cultural Competency in Health Care
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Roles and Identity Studies
- Keywords
- mental health stigma, psychiatric nursing, cultural differences, stigma reduction interventions, mental health awareness, help-seeking barriers, treatment delay
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review