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Cited by 5National Identity and SymbolismFolklore, Mythology, and Literature StudiesCultural History and Identity Formation

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Folklore as a Visual Medium of Socialism and National Identity: The Case of the Lithuanian SSR

Rudling, Odeta·2018·Ästhetiken des Sozialismus
DOI 10.7788/9783412510091.189
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  1. Soviet republics living peacefully in a multi-ethnic state. 1 Anderson
  2. Edition, 2006, London-New York, 5
  3. 1995, see: Nancy Condee (Ed.): Soviet Hieroglyphics. Visual Culture in Late Twentieth-Century Russia. London
  4. See, 1920, for example
  5. Ainė Ramonaitė, 2015, Nematoma sovietinė visuomenė. Vilnius
  6. Kivimaa, Katrin: Workers, Collective Farmers and Women in National Costumes. Representing Soviet Femininity in Estonian Art from the 1940s and 1950s.In: Acta Academiae Artium Vilnensis58 (2010), pp.43-67. Jurkuvienė, Teresė: Lietuviųtautinis sceninis kostiumas 1940-1970 m.: Idėja ir forma.In: Menotyra14 (2007) 3, pp. 43-62.
  7. Martin, Terry: The Affirmative Action Empire. Nations and Nationalism in the Soviet Union, 1923-1939. Ithaca 2001.Hirsch, Francine: Empire of Nations. Ethnographic Knowledge and the Making of theSoviet Union. Ithaca 2005.Blitstein, Peter A.: Nation and Empirein Soviet History, 1917-1953.In: Ab Imperio (2006) 1, pp.197-219.
  8. mances that were integrated into so-called amateur artistic activities (khudozhestvennaia 11 Pervy Vsesojuznyi s'ezd sovetskich pisatelei 1934. Stenograficheskyi otchet. Moscow 1934, pp.4, 8, 676, cited inMiller: Folklore for Stalin, p. 8.
  9. 1980, House of Folk Creation, 6
  10. Schmaus, Alois: Probleme und Methoden der sowjetischen Folkloristik. In: Wissenschaftliche Informationen zurVolkskunde4 (1959), pp.5-31, here p. 8.Miller: Folklore for Stalin, p. 9.
  11. Folklore was defined as an "oral poetic creation of the broad masses" by the leading Soviet folklorist Juri Sokolov in1934. See Sokolov,Juri: Priroda fol'klora i problemy fol'kloristiki.In: Literaturny kritik (1934) 12, pp.127-152, here p. 127.Sokolov, Juri: Russian Folklore.New York1950, p. 27.
  12. Sokolov Juri, 1950, Russian Folklore. New York, 27
  13. Richard Stites, 1917, for example, regard folklore as part of Soviet mass culture
  14. Miller: The Image of Stalin, pp.53-55. Oinas: The Political Uses, p. 84.
  15. Stites, Richard: Russian Popular Culture. Entertainment and Society since1900. Cambridge1992, p. 78;Miller: The Image of Stalin, pp.53-55. Oinas: The Political Uses, p. 84.
  16. See, among others, Shay, Anthony: Parallel Traditions. State Folk Dance Ensembles and Folk Dance in "The Field0022.In: Dance Research Journal 31 (1999) 1, pp.29-56, here p. 30.Vyzintas, Algirdas: Muzikinės kultūros darbininkas.In: Jonas Svedas. Teoriniai-metodiniai darbai. Straipsniai. Laiskai. Amzininkų atsiminimai. Ed. by Algirdas Vyzintas.Vilnius1978, pp. 5-43, here p. 21.
  17. Olson, 2004, London-New York, 19
  18. Dobrenko, Evgeny: Utopian Naturalism. The Epic Poem of Kolkhoz Happiness. In: Happiness Soviet Style. Ed. by Marina Balina/Evgeny Dobrenko.London 2009, pp.19-51. Taylor, Richard: Singing on the Steppes for Stalin. Ivan Pyr'ev and the Kolkhoz Musical inSoviet Cinema. In: Slavic Review58 (1999) 1, pp. 143-159.
  19. Nercessian, 2008, Vilnius, 10
  20. 1983, Vilnius, 210
  21. See, 1951, Igor' Aleksandrovyc: Tänze der Völker der Sowjetunion. Anleitung für Volkstanzgruppen.
  22. Shay Anthony, 2014, Sex and Entertainment in the Islamic World. New York, 230
  23. Zhemukhov King, Slavic Review 72 (2013) 2, 287
  24. Nahachevsky Andriy, 2012, NC-London, 202
  25. Trochymczyk Maja, 2006, Polish American Studies, 1
  26. Mikstaitė, Der „Singende Stalinismus
  27. Mikstaitė: Der „Singende Stalinismus", pp.200, 209.
  28. Soviet Ceremonial System, 1980, New Series, 15, 1
  29. Tarakeviciui, 1955, In: Lietuvos Literatūros ir Meno Archyvas ((Lithuanian Archive of Literature and Art) further LLMA)), F. 463, Ap. 1, B. 34, L. 16.
  30. 2004, Osteuropa 29 (1979) 2, 110
  31. Huttenbach, 1990, London, 94
  32. 1958, Socialistiniu keliu, 29. 08.
  33. 1958, Socialistiniu keliu, 12. 01.
  34. of War. London-New York 2013, pp.125-128. 53Olson: Performing Russia, pp.70-71. 54Hosking, Geoffrey: The Awakening of theSoviet Union. Cambridge1990, p. 23. 55Lindqvist, Mats: Giving Voiceto the Nation. The Folklorist Movement and the Restoration of the Latvian
  35. National Identity.Ed.by Mats Lindqvist. Tumba 2003, pp.185-242, here p. 195. 56Hofmann: Questioning Socialist Folklorization, p. 240.Silverman: The Politics of Folklore, p. 57. 57Skrodenis, Stasys: Folkloras ir folklorizmas. Mokymo knyga. Vilnius 2005, p. 129. 58 On the concept of authenticity in ethnography and folklore, see Handler,Richard/Saxton, William: Dys
  36. Olson: Performing Russia, pp.74-75, especially table 3.1.
  37. Smidchens Guntis, 1996, Ind., 117
  38. Trinkūnas Jonas, 1996, Vilnius, 61
  39. 1988, 71 as well as the following pictures: The official hoisting of the national flag on the building of the local committee of the city Siauliai, 19. 11
  40. 1989, Baltic Way
  41. See, 1940, for example, the pictures in Bajoraitė
  42. pp. 1-6, herep.4.
  43. Vilnius 1970, pp.94-207. Jakelaitis, Vytautas: Die Liederfeste. Vilnius 1984, pp. 39-73.
  44. 1957, these festivals took place every year in most rayon centers and collective farms of the republic. See Dainų sventė. Vilnius
  45. Mikstaitė: Der „Singende Stalinismus", pp.207-209.
  46. See the programs of the song festivals in Jakelaitis: Lietuvos dainų sventės, pp.100, 109-112, 122-124, 139-144, 157-162, 176-182.Poskaitis, Kazys: Lietuvių sokio kelias į sceną.Vilnius 1985, pp. 87-139.
  47. monumental
  48. Poskaitis: Lietuvių sokio kelias, pp.92-93.
  49. 2016, Tarybų Lietuvos kronika
  50. See Is meno reikalų valdybos prie Lietuvos TSR ministrų tarybos aplinkrascio respublikos kultūros ir meno įstaigoms apie kolektyvinių ūkių sefavimą.In:Muzika 1940-1960. Dokumentų rinkinys. Ed. by Laima Kiauleikytė/Violeta Tumasonienė. Vilnius 1992, p. 37.Savickas, Juozas: Nepasidavėme - dainavome ir sokome.In: Ateities kartoms. Naujas zvilgsnis į Jono Svedo gyvenimą ir veiklą. Ed. by Algirdas Vyzintas.Vilnius2008, pp.302-308, here p. 303.
  51. Schwarz, Boris: Musik und Musikleben in der Sowjetunion 1917 bis zur Gegenwart. Teil I-III. Wilhelmshaven 1982, pp.219-220.
  52. Applebaum, Rachel: Friendship Project. Socialist Internationalism in the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia during the 1950s and 1960s.In: Slavic Review74 (2015) 3, pp.484-507, here p. 490.
  53. 05. 1957. In: Muzika 1940-1960, pp.53-55, here pp. 53-54. 87Vyzintas: Muzikinės kultūros darbininkas, p. 36. 88Jankauskas, Pranas: Daina - mūsų biciulis, palydovas.In: Literatūra ir menas, 09. 07. 1966. 89 See Repertuar dekady litovskoi literatury i iskusstva, without date.In: LYA, F. 1771, Ap 150,B.8,
  54. pp. 102-103. Dainų sventė, p.6. Jakelaitis: Lietuvos dainų sventės, p. 82. 90 Peacock, Margaret: The Perils of Building Cold War Consensus at the 1957 Moscow World Festival of
  55. Students, 2012, Cold War History, 12, 3
  56. Trinkūnas Jonas, 1971, Kur dėsime liaudies meną? In: Literatūra ir menas, 09. 10
  57. Kelminskaite Antanu Foku, Liaudies kultūra (2007) 1, 53
  58. Trinkūnas Jonas, 2009, Vilnius, 141
  59. Zabielienė Ausra, Liaudies kultūra 94 (2004) 1, 29
  60. Davoliūtė: The Making and Breaking, pp.136-137.
  61. Davoliūtė: The Making and Breaking, pp.137-138.
  62. Ciūtyta Rūta Dir, 1968, by Robertas Verba. Vilnius: Lietuvos kino studija
  63. ės Dir, 1971, by Eugenijus Saltis. Vilnius: Lietuvos kino studija
  64. 2014, http://www.lrt.lt/mediateka/irasas/3831 (01. 07
  65. One can mention a few such ensembles: The Ethnographic Ensemble of Kurtuvėnai, the villagers of Luokė and the Ethnographic Ensemble of the village Ziūrai. See Landsbergis, Vytautas: Lietuvių folkloro teatras. Vilnius1982, p. 3.Skrodenis: Folkloras ir folklorizmas, pp.141-142. Trinkūnas, Jonas: Ziūrai - dainuojantiLietuva. In: Siaurės Atėnai (21. 05. 2005), online at: www.romuva.lt/new/index/.php?page=ziuraidainuojanti-dainava (29. 12. 2014).
  66. Matulevicienė Saulė, Liaudies kultūra 114 (2007) 3, 64
  67. Trinkūnas: Lietuvių senosios religijos kelias, pp.241, 244-246.
  68. Matulevicienė: Is Rasos sventės istorijos, pp.65, 67.
  69. Trinkūnas Jonas, 1996, Vilnius, 61
  70. Some pictures have been published in the following articles: Nakienė, Austė: Iseivių is kaimo tapatybės paieskos.Miestofolkloro sąjūdis.In: Liaudieskultūra 147 (2012) 6, pp.23-41. Matulevicienė: Is Rasossventės istorijos.Matulevicienė, Saulė: Rasos Kernavėje. In: Liaudieskultūra 114 (2007) 3, pp. 70-79.
  71. See Ramonaitė Ainė, 2015, Vilnius, 105
  72. See, 2002, among others: Tarvydas
  73. Skrodenis: Folkloras ir folklorizmas, pp.144-145.
  74. Skrodenis: Folkloras ir folklorizmas, pp.156-157.
  75. concerts given by elderly villagers who sang folk songs. Various ethnographic ensembles performed first at the republic's universities before starting to give concerts to a wider audience. See Dagytė, E.: Turiningas vakaras.In: Krastotyra.Vilnius 1964, pp.215-116. Cepulytė, Janina: Kurtuvėnųetnografinis ansamblis.In: Leninietis (31. 10. 1971).Trinkūnas: Ziūrai.
  76. Kavaliauskas Stanislovas, Tarptautiniam folkloro festivaliui "Skamba skamba kankliai
  77. aktualijos 55 (2007) 2, pp.21-22, here p. 21.
  78. Skrodenis: Folkloras ir folklorizmas, pp.149, 151.
  79. Landsbergis: Lietuvių folkloro teatras, pp.6, 18.
  80. Ambrazas Algirdas, 1971, Literatūra ir menas (30. 10.
  81. Skrodenis: Folkloras ir folklorizmas, pp.160-161.
  82. Vyzintas Algirdas, 2010, Klaipėda, 133
  83. Gudelis Regimantas, Gimtasai krastas (2009) 2, 6
  84. 2016, online at: www.dainusvente.lt (10. 02
  85. See, 2015, for example, the depiction of the Lithuanian bride in: Lankauskas
  86. Malcienė Marijana, 1974, Vilnius, 27
  87. Vera Strojeva, 1947, Marytė
  88. Stravinskienė Vitalija, Lituanistika 66 (2006) 2, 20
  89. Weeks Theodore, Journal of Baltic Studies 39 (2008) 4, 517
  90. The number of spectators at song festivals increased from 80,000 in 1950 to around 500,000 in the years 1955 and 1960. See Jakelaitis: Die Liederfeste, pp.44, 47, 54.
  91. Lithuania, 1965, The so-called "dance-day
  92. Zizek Slavoj, 1999, John Solomos and Les Back. London-New York, 594
  93. Fischer-Lichte, Erika: Die Ästhetik des Performativen. Frankfurt a. M. 2004, pp.31-62.
  94. See the pictures in Landsbergis: Lietuvių folkloro teatras, pp.2-7, 10-15.
  95. Smidchens: A Baltic Music, pp.138-139.
  96. Gytis Luksas, 2016, Luksas
  97. One of the leading singers of the theater, Veronika Januleviciūtė, later Povilionienė, was one of the first members of the Ramuva club in Vilnius, which was banned by 1971 (see Indronis, Alpis: Rasos sventės.In: Krastotyra. Ed. by Bronius Vaitkevicius. Vilnius1969, pp.334-335, here p. 334). Furthermore, after Ramuva and other similar student clubs were prohibited, the so-called "Folk-song-club" (liaudies dainų klubas) founded at the Open Air Museum kept alive their shared ideas (Ramonaitė,Ainė: Paralelinės visuomenės uzuomazgos sovietinėje Lietuvoje. Katalikiskojo pogrindzio ir etnokultūrinio sąjūdzio simbiozė.In: Sajūdzio istakų beieskant. Napaklusniųjų tinkliavos galia. Ed. by Jūratė Kavaliauskaitė/Ainė Ramonaitė.Vilnius2011, pp. 33-59, here p. 44).
  98. The leader of the movement, Jonas Trinkūnas, believed, for example, that the sutartinės were the mediators of the worldview and the religion of the ancient Balts. Trinkūnas: Lietuvių senosios religijos kelias, pp.241, 244.
  99. This is evident in the discussions about the newest programs and costumes of the states ensemble "Lietuva0022. Gucas, Rimantas: Tikras ar sąlyginis etnografiskumas?In: Literatūra ir menas (01. 11.1969). Neprasilenkiant su menine tiesa. Irenos Miksytės interviu su R. Songailaite undJ. Balcikoniu. In: Kultūrosbarai 8 (1977), pp.17-19.
  100. The drafts of the national costume of the interwar period can be seen in: Jurkuvienė, Teresė: Antanas Tamosaitis.Pirmasprofesionalus tautinio kostiumo kūrėjas.In: Menotyra17 (2010), pp.65-81, here pp. 71-71, 74.
  101. 1969, for example, completely changed the aesthetics of its costumes after its modernistic experimental costumes of 1965 had caused irritation among the population. See Cerbulėnas

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Authors
Rudling, O.
Corresponding author
Rudling, Odeta
ORCID
Rudling, Odeta
Venue
Ästhetiken des Sozialismus
Publisher
Böhlau Verlag
Published
2018-08-13
Pages
189-211
DOI
10.7788/9783412510091.189
OpenAlex
W2886348002
Cited by
4
References
9
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1
FWCI
0.00
Type
book chapter
Language
de
Open access
closed
Locations
Böhlau Verlag eBooks (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › National Identity and Symbolism
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Literature and Literary Theory › Folklore, Mythology, and Literature Studies
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History › Cultural History and Identity Formation
Keywords
folklore, visual culture, socialism, national identity, Lithuanian SSR, Soviet Lithuania, folk art, Soviet nationalities policy

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