Recent Trends and Scope of Nanotechnology in Orthopaedic Surgery: A Narrative Review

Abstract

Orthopaedic implants osseointegrate better using nanophase materials because they mimic the natural trabecular bone structure better. Additionally, prostheses with nanophase coatings can lessen bacterial adherence compared to prostheses with traditional surfaces. Improved osseointegration and infection prevention may be possible with nano-coated joint replacement implants. Other potential applications with strong in-vitro findings include rapidly integrating fillers for osteochondral flaws, antitumour seleniumcoated endoprostheses, along with potent targeted Drug Delivery Systems (DDSs) for infection prevention and treatment of chronic overuse injuries. It is significant to focus on the use of nanotechnology in artificial joint replacement prostheses, drug delivery utilising nanotechnology, surgical oncology of the skeleton using nanotechnology, bone cell function using nanotechnology, applications in orthopaedic surgery, and, finally, the use of nanotechnology and its potential new fields of study for human welfare. Before nanophase devices are approved for clinical use, significant progress must be made in comprehending the potential health concerns associated with their creation, implantation, and usage habits. However, they have a lot of potential and will probably be helpful to all of us in the future. Nanotechnology is a fast-advancing area, and its applications in orthopaedic surgery are continually expanding. This review article enables academics, clinicians, and other stakeholders to stay up-to-date on the most recent advancements, innovations, and achievements in the integration of nanotechnology into orthopaedic operations. The article also focuses on the challenges of applying nanotechnology in orthopaedics, such as biocompatibility issues, regulatory hurdles, and financial considerations. Simultaneously, it can discuss potential avenues for further research, collaboration, and progress in overcoming these challenges. Discussing the practical applications and clinical consequences of nanotechnology in orthopaedic surgery is crucial. The evaluation can explore on how these improvements will affect patient outcomes, surgical techniques, and overall healthcare practices.