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Unmapping the Caribbean: Toward a Digital Praxis of Archipelagic Sounding
Open accessAbstract
Tackling the conceptual grounds of how maps have been deployed as tools of imperial capitalist extraction, this essay critiques how the two-dimensional visualization of land has traditionally flattened the racial entanglement of the Caribbean archipelago. It explores how born-digital cartography can be used to open up a new sensory possibility for understanding space amplified by sonic and video technologies. The author embarked on the digital project Unmapping the Caribbean with her students and a team of technologists, employing Esri's ArcGIS Story Maps platform to examine the contours of marronage and indigeneity in five geographies: New York City, Suriname, Hispaniola, Cuba, and Jamaica. The project anchors the relationality of sedimented racial histories in the archipelago through the concept of unmapping—that is, by creating digital audiovisual story maps of the five Caribbean spaces. Centering the way sound orients the human body in space, the project examines the politics of the opacity of spaces of black and indigenous refuge in Caribbean and Caribbean diasporic communities. The essay considers the pedagogical stakes of collaborative digital assignments that include mapmaking and producing visual soundtracks. The five geographic narratives that Unmapping the Caribbean has woven together are part of an ongoing project that aims to articulate archipelagic being.
Overview
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TL;DR
The essay theorizes “unmapping” as a decolonial digital praxis for reading the Caribbean archipelago against colonial cartography, using audiovisual story maps and sonic methods to foreground opacity, refuge, and archipelagic being. It reports on a 2018 ArcGIS Story Maps project with 19 students and 3 technologists covering five geographies: New York City, Suriname, Hispaniola, Cuba, and Jamaica.
Key findings
- Colonial maps flatten the Caribbean’s racial entanglement; “unmapping” means unknowing and uncharting territory, embracing Glissantian opacity and black/indigenous refuge. The place name Me-no-Sen-You-no-Come, established by runaways in Trelawny in 1812, survived with up to sixty resident runaway peoples into the 1820s, was besieged in 1824, and thrived until emancipation in the mid-1830s.
- The digital project used Esri ArcGIS Story Maps to stitch five story maps into one project with five tabs. Students initially omitted New York City and Suriname from freehand maps, even though roughly a quarter of New York City residents were of Caribbean origin as of 2013.
- Sonic un/mapping included a 40-second New York soundtrack layering subway train, waves, salsa, and drums; ten layers of gentrified spaces; Jamaica group contrasts between tourism recordings and Cockpit Country nature sounds; and Suriname, Hispaniola, and Cuba story maps centered queer intimacy, border music, and Santería.
- Pedagogically, the course since 2015 treats the syllabus as a mixtape and requires deep listening, student playlists, and collaborative digital assignments; the project debuted at Caribbean Digital V at UWI, St. Augustine, in December 2018.
Methods
- Critical essay and pedagogical reflection on the born-digital project *Unmapping the Caribbean: Sanctuary and Sound* (2018), with 19 students split into five groups and 3 technologists, using Esri’s ArcGIS Story Maps “Map Series” template.
- Materials included freehand analog maps, student research, sound recordings, YouTube footage, an original composition, guest lectures, and video conferences with Caribbean-based experts; analysis draws on concepts such as racial sedimentation, decolonial echolocation, opacity, indigenization, and creolization.
- The main analysis is conceptual and descriptive, not quantitative, using examples from the five story maps to argue for archipelagic sounding and decolonial cartography.
Limitations
- Stated: the author flags ethical concerns about using Esri, a GIS vendor with US Department of Defense contracts, as “master’s tools”; platform access was limited at her new university for large numbers of students; the project is necessarily unfinished, and she is the guardian of the collected work.
- Stated: copyright, fair use, and asymmetrical imperial legal legacies were ongoing issues; the author also interrogated her US-based perspective by consulting Caribbean-based experts.
- Evident: no systematic assessment or outcome data are reported; findings come from one course/project and depend on institutional resources, a proprietary platform, and instructor curation, so they are not presented as generalizable.
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34 Own interpretation · 15 No basis given · 10 Sources not found · 5 Own result
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In the paper
“they chose to center queer intimacy between black and Asian people in Suriname”
plainSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“The Caribbean archipelago was formed through a process of layering that I have elsewhere described as “racial sedimentation.””
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [11]
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In the paper
“The colonial map obscures this dialectic between Wynter’s indigenization and Kamau Brathwaite’s creolization by enforcing European geography on the archipelago.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [9]
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In the paper
“The students presented how Haiti and the Dominican Republic are joined by music and how the narratives of Taino history inflect both nations, filling the screen with maps, 3D scenes, images, and video.”
plaincorrelationalSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“featuring ten layers of gentrified spaces in New York City (fig. 6).”
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“they also implicitly learned about copyright, the politics of fair use, and proper citation practice.”
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“The Surinen story map also showcases rituals of the African-derived religion Winti and how Amerindian and Maroon communities retain their cultural practices.”
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“The students also highlighted the Haitian guitar-based Latin genre twoubadou, which developed through migration across the border with the Dominican Republic.”
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In the paper
“Little Roy describes the multiple voyages of Columbus to the Caribbean—“Him come again and go away”—and says that Natty Rasta, the black man, was metaphysically in the Caribbean long before Columbus.”
What the sources say
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In the paper
““Mati work,” what Dutch-Surinamese feminist theorist Gloria Wekker defines as “an old practice among Afro-Surinamese working-class women in which marriage is rejected in favor of male and female sexual partners,” and music were central to their story map.”
What the sources say
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“They organized their narrative thread around the circulation and hypervisibility of Santería through Afro-diasporic popular musical artists with global audiences”
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“Though in the beginning of the term my students had not heard of Suriname, by the end they had an intimate relationship with the country.”
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“My students complete the course having gained new technological or research skills that they can highlight on their resumes and in their portfolios.”
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In the paper
“The assignment also gave them a chance to consider the currency of cultural production and how it does and does not travel across an archipelago of many tongues and varying digital accessibility.”
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In the paper
“mapped the cosmology of Cuba through Santería’s global circulation.”
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“The Hispaniola group, named Kiskeya/Quisqueya after the island’s original Taíno name, focused on the contours of Afrolatinidad in the Caribbean.”
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In the paper
“The students discovered that there are certain instruments that connect Haitian music (kadans) to Dominican music (bachata).”
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In the paper
“the New York group showed gentrification by contrasting the sounds of bodegas and people playing dominos on the street with markers of sonic colonialism—notably, the idle chatter of gentrifying hipsters.”
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In the paper
“The poetics of Caribbean refusal involve exclusion as much as they can be coded as a set of refusals.”
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In the paper
“to illustrate how genres transcend national and geographic borders.”
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In the paper
“The Caribbean seeks legibility but not by everyone.”
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In the paper
“The musical soundtrack of island life is inseparable from studying the radical political tradition of the region”
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In the paper
“Unmapping the Caribbean is necessarily unfinished, much in the way that musicologist Michael Veal describes dub music as having an unfinished sonic quality.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [48]
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In the paper
“Unmapping is a decolonial digital praxis that embraces sensorial knowledges of black and indigenous cosmologies.”
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In the paper
“this essay critiques how the two-dimensional visualization of land has traditionally flattened the racial entanglement of the Caribbean archipelago.”
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In the paper
“Predictive analytics work only if people are predictable or their habits can be easily traced, tracked, surveilled, and learned by algorithms.”
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In the paper
“As a global tech company, Esri perhaps typifies, to reference Audre Lorde’s famous provocation, the “master’s tools”—that is, the structure of the ongoing colonial present.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [17]
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In the paper
“Unmapping as a digital praxis embraces the opacity of sensory disorientation.”
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In the paper
“we also committed just such an act in our decolonial Caribbean unmapping by using technology from Esri, a company invested in US defense contracts.”
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- Rests on an assumption: Esri is a company invested in US defense contracts.
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In the paper
“Sound, like light, is energy comprised of waves, a series of perceived reflections and refractions that orient us in time and space.”
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In the paper
“Unmapping is turning attention to an inner vestibular frequency, to an inner balance of finding a way just as so many Caribbean people have had to do to survive.”
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In the paper
“Tackling the conceptual grounds of how maps have been deployed as tools of imperial capitalist extraction”
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In the paper
“Sound—in particular, how we receive certain frequencies—engages the sensorium in a way that is central to a Caribbean vestibular sensibility.”
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“the digital space as a repository of knowledge production becomes a growing archive of unmapping.”
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In the paper
“It explores how born-digital cartography can be used to open up a new sensory possibility for understanding space amplified by sonic and video technologies.”
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In the paper
“The echo of Me-no-Sen-You-no-Come across the map resists the order of the coloniality of mapping, where trains run on time, where people are where they say they will be at a given time.”
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In the paper
“The map is engraved with the echo of runaway desire, of refusal, in place names like the District of Look Behind, Don’t Come Back, and Quick Step.”
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“This refuge is encoded in both reggae music and Rastafarian ontology.”
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In the paper
“The digital amplifies the prospect for a cartographic synesthesia, which is why the potential of embedding digitized sound and video offers so many narrative and epistemological possibilities.”
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In the paper
“The key to unmapping was relational.”
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In the paper
“A decolonial register would imply a strategy of detecting the colonizer and finding spaces of refuge.”
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In the paper
“Archipelagic being attunes one to the power of other senses to orient oneself in space.”
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The echoes that reverberate through the karstic mountainous terrain of Jamaica’s Cockpit Country and Blue Mountains are an intimate part of Caribbean geography that narrates the meaning of refuge for black and native peoples on the island.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Listening is the key to opening the map.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“I argue that the sedimented presences settle and become transformed in metamorphic rock in accordance with the geological metaphor of the rock cycle.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [12]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There are generations of Caribbean-trained cartographers whose genealogy is not entirely imperial.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: GIS specialist Michelle Thompson is of Guyanese, Trinidadian, and Jamaican background and is the daughter of a rural physical planner with the Ministry of Agriculture in Jamaica who studied at UWI in the 1980s.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The materiality of bodies, bones, and decomposing biomatter have become part of the geology of the archipelago over the centuries since Columbus’s invasion.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Representation puts populations on the map, so to speak, but certain populations may prefer to be unmapped.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“it is significant to consider the mapping of saints and orishas as a strategy as opposed to a multiculturalist celebration.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: Various religions in the Caribbean retain elements from African, European, and Asian cosmologies.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Little Roy’s sonic exegesis in the song “Christopher Columbus” poses a challenge to coloniality and Western historiography.”
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Unmapping therefore challenges the myth of extinction in favor of intentional Caribbean opacity, in the Glissantian register.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [10]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Reggae and dub are as much about unfinished spatial mapping as about cosmic awareness and cosmological mapping.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To geolocate Caribbean space through literature and music is to chart archipelagic being.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Little Roy “unmaps” the Caribbean, challenging the fixity of Columbus’s colonial map through a sonic and lyrical reordering of time and space.”
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“I posit that the Caribbean defies mapping because it is not a real place.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The hashtag #JamaicaIsNotARealPlace has been popular on Jamaican social media.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The disorientation of being in and journeying through Jamaica made me realize the need to trust our inner maps, to listen to our bodies, to crowdsource people on the roadside in order to tune into our embodied and inherited histories.”
plaindirectSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This is the type of sensorial listening that involves not only the ear but the entire body.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As a method, unmapping challenges the fixity of the map as a technology of colonial organization.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“If you cannot see me, you cannot colonize me.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This sonic data is central to a poetic strategy that I call “decolonial echolocation”—a method of bodily knowing, a somatosensory epistemology of embodied navigation of coloniality for those who were not mean to survive.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“If mapping is about knowing and surveying, then unmapping is about unknowing and uncharting the territory.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Mutilation has made the Caribbean the site of, according to Hortense Spillers, a “human sequence written in blood.””
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [13]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Sonic analysis requires attention to the spatial because sound is quite literally how our ears perceive the vibrations that bounce off our environment.”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“Rastafari, which Stuart Hall describes as an “imagined community” formed with an Africa that has moved on but is nevertheless symbolically reconstructed in music, is a form of worlding and navigation beyond coloniality, never quite intended as a literal return to Africa.”
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Stuart Hall
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper relies on this without support.
Vernacular oral traditions trace the roots and routes of the Caribbean and its diaspora to Africa, Asia, and Europe.
“Vernacular oral traditions trace the roots and routes of the Caribbean and its diaspora to Africa, Asia, and Europe.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Maroon strategies of warfare against the British in Jamaica depended on rainforest cover, and locations in Cockpit Country are named to reflect these battles.
“Maroon strategies of warfare, especially guerilla warfare, against the British in Jamaica depended on the cover the rainforest provided, and locations in Cockpit Country are accordingly named to reflect these battles.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The Netherlands traded North New Amsterdam, now New York, for the South American New Amsterdam of Suriname because it was a sugar colony.
“I taught them about how the Netherlands traded North New Amsterdam, now New York, for the South American New Amsterdam of Suriname because it was a sugar colony.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Because of Maroon leader Cudjoe’s 1736 land treaty with the British, Jamaican Maroons were supposed to return non-Maroon runaways to British plantations.
“because of Maroon leader Cudjoe’s 1736 land treaty with the British, Jamaican Maroons were supposed to return non-Maroon runaways to British plantations.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The Maroons and the runaways had inhabited the Windsor Caves alongside Caribbean wildlife.
“The Maroons and the runaways had inhabited these caves alongside Caribbean wildlife.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Esri is a company invested in US defense contracts.
“using technology from Esri, a company invested in US defense contracts.”
The paper relies on this without support.
GIS specialist Michelle Thompson is of Guyanese, Trinidadian, and Jamaican background and is the daughter of a rural physical planner with the Ministry of Agriculture in Jamaica who studied at UWI in the 1980s.
“GIS specialist Michelle Thompson, of Data Services, who was most instrumental to Unmapping the Caribbean, is of Guyanese, Trinidadian, and Jamaican background and is the daughter of a rural physical planner with the Ministry of Agriculture in Jamaica who studied at UWI in the 1980s.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The hashtag #JamaicaIsNotARealPlace has been popular on Jamaican social media.
“the hashtag #JamaicaIsNotARealPlace, which has been popular on Jamaican social media.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Various religions in the Caribbean retain elements from African, European, and Asian cosmologies.
“the various religions in the Caribbean certainly retain elements from African, European, and Asian cosmologies”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“In addition to being tools of imperial extraction, colonial maps are two-dimensional representations that truncate complex racial entanglements throughout the Caribbean.”
From Counter-Mapping Maroon Cartographies: GIS and Anticolonial Modeling in St. Croix (2023) · cites this paper as Goffe 2020
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
“others depicted Haiti and the Dominican Republic not on Hispaniola but as separate islands (fig. 2).”
“several students had rendered Haiti and the Dominican Republic as separate islands in their freehand analog maps at the beginning of the semester (see fig. 3)”
Citations
Cites
Still being checked.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
On an ethic of not going there
Guasco, A. (2022) · Geographical Journal · doi:10.1111/geoj.12462 · Cited by 41
Counter-Mapping Maroon Cartographies: GIS and Anticolonial Modeling in St. Croix
Dunnavant, J. P., Wernke, S. A., & Kohut, L. E. (2023) · ACME · doi:10.7202/1107310ar · Cited by 12
Re-imagining the ‘fields’ of fieldwork
Bruun, J. M., & Guasco, A. (2023) · Dialogues in Human Geography · doi:10.1177/20438206231178815 · Cited by 12
Messy, entangled, and shapeshifting: Feral Mapping
Choi, J. H.-J., Botero, A., Dolejšová, M., & Sleight, L. (2024) · International Journal of Cartography · doi:10.1080/23729333.2023.2297444 · Cited by 5
MOVEMENT 3. NAVIGATING URBAN ARRANGEMENTS
Collective, T. R., Cante, F., Hussain, A., Makori, T., Mohamed, S. Q., Osbourne, A., Pilo’, F., Ramakrishnan, K., Simone, A., Sitas, R., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Urban and Regional Research · doi:10.1111/1468-2427.13162 · Cited by 4
Jazeel, T., & Western, T. (2025) · Social Text · doi:10.1215/01642472-11573328 · Cited by 3
Uzor, T.-M. (2023) · Dance Research Journal · doi:10.1017/s0149767723000359 · Cited by 2
The World We Became: Map Quest 2350, A Speculative Atlas Beyond Climate Crisis
Goffe, T. L., Gleeson, S., Khan, A., Kocher, A., Washington, C., Salcido, J., Phansalkar, R., Persadie, R., Jackson, A., Iralu, E., et al. (2022) · Asian Diasporic Visual Cultures and the Americas · doi:10.1163/23523085-07010002 · Cited by 1
Self-citationTowards a new humanity: Belonging, embodiment, and Quantum Black creative geographies
Uzor, T.-M. (2024) · Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography · doi:10.1111/sjtg.12548 · Cited by 1
LEVITATING GRAVES AND ANCESTRAL FREQUENCIES
(2023) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478024224-005
(2023) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478024224-007
(2023) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478024224-003
RIOTOUS SPIRITS—UKUKHUPHUKA IZIZWE
(2023) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478024224-004
RIOTING HILLS AND OCCULT INSURRECTIONS
(2023) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478024224-006
WATCHFUL OCEAN, OBSERVANT MOUNTAIN
(2023) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478024224-002
(2023) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478024224-008
(2023) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478024224-009
(2023) · Duke University Press eBooks · doi:10.1215/9781478024224-001
WHAT DOES THE INTERNET SOUND LIKE?
Bhandari, A., Bimo, S., Butkowski, C. P., & Noone, R. (2023) · AoIR Selected Papers of Internet Research · doi:10.5210/spir.v2022i0.12952
Rumo à decolonização epistemológica da educação em Porto Rico
Nieves, B. (2026) · Revista e-Curriculum · doi:10.23925/1809-3876.2026v24e76524
Metadata
- Authors
- Goffe, T. L.
- Affiliations
- Cornell University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Goffe, Tao Leigh
- Venue
- Archipelagos Journal
- Publisher
- Archipelagos Journal
- Published
- 2020
- Issue
- 5
- OpenAlex
- W3117588026
- Cited by
- 21
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 2
- FWCI
- 56.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Columbia Academic Commons (Columbia University) (cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Literature and Literary Theory › Digital Humanities and Scholarship
- Social Sciences › Geography, Planning and Development › Geography Education and Pedagogy
- Social Sciences › Cultural Studies › Caribbean history, culture, and politics
- Keywords
- Caribbean, digital cartography, marronage, indigeneity, colonial cartography, sound and space, Caribbean diaspora, racial history, pedagogy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-11-08, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-11-08 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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