The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 12 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Vizinhanças de parentesco: urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano
Open accessAbstract
As comunidades afrodescendentes que habitam a região colombiana do Pacífico têm tradições e características culturais que denotam o grande significado que a vida em comunidade representa para elas. A partir dessa premissa e, diante de um processo de pesquisa de longa duração, foram identificados as vizinhanças de parentesco como formas de representação socioespacial da vida coletiva nessas comunidades, fundamentadas em princípios como a solidariedade, a troca e a cooperação. Por meio da lente do urbanismo e da arquitetura vernácula, este artigo explora os princípios básicos da vida coletiva como tradição cultural, partindo da análise do povoamento rural para logo identificar a reinterpretação de características próprias desse povoamento nos núcleos urbanos. Recorrendo a análises tipológicas em diversas escalas e em diversos âmbitos, busca-se demonstrar a persistência das vizinhanças de parentesco até hoje e contribuir ao debate sobre as políticas públicas que vem desconhecendo as tradições culturais arraigadas nesses territórios, mediante a imposição de um urbanismo e de uma arquitetura genéricos nos projetos de moradia social.
Overview
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TL;DR
The article argues that “vizinhanças de parentesco” (parental neighborhoods) are a persistent socio-spatial form of collective life among Afro-descendant communities in Colombia’s Pacific region, rooted in rural kinship-based settlement and reinterpreted in urban peripheries. It contends that state social-housing and macroprojects ignore these cultural and spatial traditions, threatening ancestral habitat and community life.
Key findings
- The paper identifies “vizinhanças de parentesco” as the socio-spatial cell of collective life in Colombia’s Afro-Pacific: clusters of houses belonging to the same parental group or trunk, grounded in solidarity, exchange, and cooperation; rural settlements are river/sea-oriented, small and dispersed, with public spaces more important than private ones and first settlers linked by blood or ritual kinship.
- It documents inheritance-in-life: new households build on paternal or maternal land transferred while owners are alive, keeping younger generations near parents and grandparents and expanding the neighborhood over time.
- In cities such as Buenaventura, Quibdó, and Tumaco (populations above 100,000), these neighborhoods persist through subdivision of original plots or addition/purchase of neighboring lands, producing high occupancy, rising residential density, and degraded habitability.
- It argues that recent social-housing projects and Macroproyectos de Interés Social Nacional (MISN) ignore Afro-Pacific cultural and spatial traditions. In Buenaventura’s MISN San Antonio, 3,400 families in El Cascajal are slated for relocation due to tsunami risk; the first stage moved 568 families and 250 houses were begun for female heads of household/displaced families, but four years after relocation promised services and resources had not been built.
Methods
- Qualitative, long-duration field research along the Colombian Pacific coast, mainly between 1978 and 2010, across seven coastal zones; based on prior cataloging of spatial components of Pacific architectural heritage and analysis of physical-spatial and sociocultural features of rural and urban habitat.
- Uses typological analysis at multiple scales and settings, drawing on earlier work by Nina de Friedemann, Virginia Gutiérrez de Pineda, and Mosquera & Aprile-Gniset; traces rural settlement and housing transformations and their urban reinterpretation.
- No quantitative sampling or statistical modeling is described; policy examples (MISN San Antonio, La Yesca) are discussed as cases.
Limitations
- The paper does not state a formal limitations section.
- Evident from the text: the study relies on long-term qualitative fieldwork and author archives, without described systematic sampling or quantitative measurement; historical and typological claims are interpretive.
- Evident from the text: the policy critique is illustrated by selected cases (MISN San Antonio and La Yesca) rather than a systematic evaluation of all social-housing projects, and generalizability beyond Colombia’s Pacific Afro-descendant communities is not established.
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Claims the paper makes
34 No basis given · 22 Own interpretation · 8 Sources not found · 3 Own result · 1 Not checked yet
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Na arquitetura e no urbanismo próprios dos assentamentos rurais e dos pequenos centros urbanos do Pacífico colombiano, identificam-se claramente os estreitos vínculos que existem entre a estrutura da família, as relações de parentesco, as modalidades de povoamento e a organização do espaço familiar e coletivo.”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > A ocupação do território rural
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites DE FRIEDEMANN, 1974
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites GUTIÉRREZ DE PINEDA, 1975
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites MOSQUERA & APRILE-GNISET, 1999
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
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- Not matched
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“foram identificados as vizinhanças de parentesco como formas de representação socioespacial da vida coletiva nessas comunidades, fundamentadas em princípios como a solidariedade, a troca e a cooperação.”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > Abstract
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In the paper
“As mudanças na sociedade e os novos conceitos sobre o modo de habitar manifestam-se na fabricação de casas que adotam tecnologias de tipo moderno e introduzem estruturas em concreto, tijolo e blocos de cimento, muitas vezes acompanhadas de cercas e divisões de madeiras serradas.”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > c) Deslocamento forçado e disputas internas pelo território:
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In the paper
“Isso significa que as novas moradias que acolhem os lares recém-constituídos são construídas em um pedaço de terra paterna ou materna que se transfere como herança quando os possuidores ainda estão vivos.”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > p. 183
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In the paper
“Como territórios essenciais para as atividades coletivas, as vizinhanças de parentesco, arraigadas na cultura dos povoadores rurais, foram se deslocando gradualmente aos centros urbanos.”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > A tradição cultural rural no espaço urbano
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- Rests on an assumption: Rural migration in Latin America accelerated after the 1930s and in Colombia reached the category of a massive exodus driven by violence in the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s, with less intensity in the Pacific region than in Andean rural territories.
- Rests on an assumption: Since the last decades of the 20th century, the most important cities of the Pacific coast, as well as capitals near the coast, received a significant number of forced migrant peasants dispossessed of their territories as a result of the armed conflict or of territorial control activities inherent to narcotrafficking and illegal exploitation of natural resources.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“O primeiro pretende a realocação de 3.400 famílias que habitam o setor sul-ocidental da Ilha El Cascajal, argumentando o risco de tsunami.”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > Como acontece com os Macroprojetos de Interesse Social Nacional (MISN)
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Os dados recentes demonstram que, embora haja avanços em relação à titulação coletiva de terras ancestrais, essa medida foi insuficiente para acabar com a expulsão violenta e massiva das comunidades da região.”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > c) Deslocamento forçado e disputas internas pelo território:
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The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“modelos que ainda persistem, apesar da incidência constante de fatores externos.”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > O espaço familiar e o espaço coletivo
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In the paper
“No entanto, também é verdadeiro que esta debilitou-se rapidamente, abrindo espaço para formas e materiais genéricos que podem ser encontrados em outras zonas do país.”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > p. 191
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None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Construídos, ao longo do tempo, em territórios ancestrais e como resultado de subdivisões dos terrenos originais por herança, as aldeias consistem no resultado da soma desses bairros”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > p. 183
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In the paper
“Alguns desses elementos foram se desenvolvendo com uma forte influência de referências africanas e indígenas”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > O espaço familiar e o espaço coletivo
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In the paper
“Iniciou-se, em simultâneo, a execução de 250 casas destinadas a mães p. 193 chefes de família e famílias desalojadas (GARCÍA, 2016).”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > Como acontece com os Macroprojetos de Interesse Social Nacional (MISN)
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites GARCÍA, 2016
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Not matched
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In the paper
“Os espaços públicos adquirem mais importância que os privados”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > O espaço familiar e o espaço coletivo
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Tanto nas tipologias de moradias tradicionais como nas modernas, a madeira continua sendo um material relevante para a construção e o ornamento das fachadas com grades e elementos vazados em cores chamativas e contrastantes que se transformaram em uma das expressões estéticas mais importantes para os habitantes.”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > A moradia urbana: do tradicional ao genérico
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“É assim como, no transcurso dos anos, e três ou quatro gerações, após o enraizamento da família pioneira e o incremento da produção agrícola que proporciona excedentes para a venda, o local de trabalho ou a moradia precárias de palmeiras é substituído por uma moradia estável com madeiras serradas e cobertas com telhas de cartão ou metálicas.”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > A casa rural: persistências e transformações
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Com a chegada massiva de habitantes rurais do litoral nas cidades, foi possível evidenciar, com maior clareza, a consolidação e a expansão de vizinhanças de parentesco em cidades como Buenaventura, Quibdó e Tumaco, com populações acima de 100.000 habitantes.”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > A tradição cultural rural no espaço urbano
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Rests on an assumption: Since the last decades of the 20th century, the most important cities of the Pacific coast, as well as capitals near the coast, received a significant number of forced migrant peasants dispossessed of their territories as a result of the armed conflict or of territorial control activities inherent to narcotrafficking and illegal exploitation of natural resources.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Dessa maneira, a periferia da quadra urbana é ocupada primeiro e depois são feitas a construção de casas no interior, na parte dos fundos das casas ou nos recuos e interstícios que ficam entre as moradias.”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > Os bairros de produção popular nas cidades do Afro-Pacífico
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In the paper
“Nas cidades, a relação entre moradia e cultura manifesta-se em modalidades de ocupação do espaço residencial com alta influência das redes familiares e de parentesco consanguíneo e ritual.”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > Os bairros de produção popular nas cidades do Afro-Pacífico
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In the paper
“a rua principal, que costuma estar situada no espaço entre o mar ou o rio e a primeira fila de casas, é utilizada para todo tipo de atividades: o jogo, a conversa com os vizinhos, a lavagem das roupas, as festas dos padroeiros e as celebrações sagradas como procissões religiosas e funerais.”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > p. 183
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In the paper
“No entanto, persistem a força dos laços familiares, de companheirismo e de amizade e as relações solidárias de troca e retribuição próprias das comunidades domésticas.”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > A casa rural: persistências e transformações
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In the paper
“e os eventos coletivos que se realizam neles são essenciais para a vida em comunidade.”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > O espaço familiar e o espaço coletivo
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In the paper
“Essas indagações permitiram estabelecer a forma como os hábitats rurais evoluíram progressivamente desde a conformação da parcela isolada por meio do desmonte das terras livres até a constituição do hábitat nucleado em casarios e centros urbanos menores e intermediários.”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > A ocupação do território rural
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In the paper
“Dessa maneira, a vizinhança de parentesco constitui-se na”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > p. 183
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In the paper
“a casa sob palafitas é a viva representação da precariedade e da instabilidade social nas comunidades de recursos econômicos baixos que vivem nas zonas urbanas.”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > A moradia urbana: do tradicional ao genérico
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In the paper
“Sua persistência pode ser explicada mediante a análise do importante papel que representa a vida coletiva nessas comunidades, fundamentada em princípios como a troca, a cooperação e a solidariedade.”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > O espaço familiar e o espaço coletivo
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In the paper
“Com uma população composta majoritariamente por afrodescendentes e comunidades indígenas, os assentamentos rurais nesta região do país consolidaram-se seguindo uma lógica diferente os assentamentos coloniais da região andina, como resultado da simbiose de valores culturais e de práticas territoriais, sociais e produtivas das duas culturas predominantes no território.”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > O espaço familiar e o espaço coletivo
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In the paper
“os novos projetos realizados na região estão baseados em um enfoque descendente de “modernização e desenvolvimento” que ignora os padrões tradicionais de hábitat e construção, substituídos por modelos forâneos inadequados para as condições geográficas, ambientais e sociais desta região”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > Conclusões
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In the paper
“Pela sua configuração espacial e social, os espaços compartilhados das vizinhanças de parentesco constituem-se em uma das expressões culturais de mais importante valor atribuído à vida comunal.”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > p. 183
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In the paper
“nas cidades, esse tipo de moradia é considerada um fenômeno novo resultante da escassez de solo urbano disponível para as casas pobres.”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > A moradia urbana: do tradicional ao genérico
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“os novos projetos realizados na região estão baseados em um enfoque descendente de “modernização e desenvolvimento” que ignora os padrões tradicionais de hábitat e construção, substituídos por modelos forâneos inadequados para as condições geográficas, ambientais e sociais desta região”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > Conclusões
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In the paper
“A arquitetura da casa no Pacífico transforma-se, então, em uma das expressões culturais mais importantes que suportaram a pressão moderna.”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > p. 191
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In the paper
“Os habitantes do Pacífico colombiano continuam sendo vítimas do deslocamento forçado como consequência de uma guerra interna desencadeada por grupos armados de diferentes origens (guerrilha, paramilitares, narcotraficantes, agrupações criminosas, entre outros) para controlar o território (UNHCR, 2017).”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > c) Deslocamento forçado e disputas internas pelo território:
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites UNHCR, 2017
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Apesar da resistência dos habitantes do Pacífico colombiano, as atuais circunstâncias econômicas e políticas estão contribuindo ao desaparecimento do patrimônio cultural que destacamos ao longo deste artigo.”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > Conclusões
plainstates a possible cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Os conjuntos de casas decoradas em uma mesma rua ou setor urbano expressam os laços de identidade cultural, vizinhança e solidariedade próprios das comunidades afrodescendentes do Pacífico.”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > A moradia urbana: do tradicional ao genérico
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Neste sentido, esse tipo de ocupação do território que persiste no Afro-Pacífico colombiano constitui-se no instrumento mais poderoso para manter uma vida familiar e comunitária articulada aos espaços de uso coletivo.”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > p. 183
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Por outro lado, permite demonstrar a persistência das tradições culturais dessa população, que transferiu formas de ocupação que eram nitidamente rurais a núcleos urbanos”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > c) Deslocamento forçado e disputas internas pelo território:
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“Este último ponto é o que dá origem à análise das vizinhanças de parentesco rurais, como a forma típica de ocupação territorial que garantiu a vida familiar e comunitária.”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > p. 183
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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In the paper
“mediante a análise das vizinhanças de parentesco (MOSQUERA Y APRILLE-GNISET, 1999;2001;2006;2010) como configurações socioespaciais próprias das comunidades rurais desta região do país, que persistiram durante o tempo e, inclusive, se deslocaram a núcleos urbanos.”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > c) Deslocamento forçado e disputas internas pelo território:
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites MOSQUERA Y APRILLE-GNISET, 1999;2001;2006;2010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Not matched
- It may state two separate claims as one. 23
- Probably not a substantial claim. 7
In the paper
“No caso de Buenaventura, por exemplo, essa tipologia apareceu massivamente depois da década de 1960, também é igualmente encontrada em outras cidades litorâneas de tamanho médio, como Tumaco e Guapi”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > A moradia urbana: do tradicional ao genérico
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites MOSQUERA, 2010, P. 19
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A população reacomodada não encontrou, em seu novo hábitat, condições que restituíssem os modos de vida e de produção existentes em El Cascajal e que lhes proporcionassem um mínimo de conforto e de habitabilidade nas novas casas que foram edificadas com um sistema construtivo industrial que permitia a pré-fabricação das casas, as quais porem não se ajustavam aos requisitos ambientais e socioc”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > Como acontece com os Macroprojetos de Interesse Social Nacional (MISN)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Assim, as casas de madeira e sobre pilotes de madeira, de um ou dois andares, dominam o centro das quadras e as ruelas interiores e, coexistem com construções de tipo moderno localizadas na rua principal, que usam alicerce e placas de concreto, tijolos e blocos de concreto, algumas em duas plantas, além de numerosos locais comercias ou artesanais, com destaque aos pequenos escritórios familiares e”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > A moradia urbana: do tradicional ao genérico
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Identificam-se, nesses casos, dois modos de constituição do vizinhança de parentesco: o primeiro por subdivisão do terreno original, se esse tiver capacidade para albergar novos lares e p. 189 casas, muitas vezes configurando ruelas; o segundo, por adição de terrenos vizinhos que vão ocupando de fato ou comprando de familiares e de compadres que seguem o caminho traçado por famílias pioneiras.”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > Os bairros de produção popular nas cidades do Afro-Pacífico
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Exemplo disso são o MISN San Antonio em Buenaventura e o de La Yesca em Quibdó.”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > Como acontece com os Macroprojetos de Interesse Social Nacional (MISN)
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A primeira etapa deste projeto foi desenvolvida com o translado de 568 famílias das zonas de maré baixa a um setor periférico do continente, com o propósito de viabilizar o projeto Malecón Bahía de la Cruz, adotado pelo governo como estratégia para transformar Buenaventura em atrativo turístico de abrangência mundial e evitar que a zona liberada voltasse a ser ocupada.”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > Como acontece com os Macroprojetos de Interesse Social Nacional (MISN)
plainstates a causen = 568- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Os povoados são pequenos e estão dispersos ao longo da costa.”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > O espaço familiar e o espaço coletivo
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Não muda somente a tecnologia da casa, muda também a concepção e a amplitude de seus espaços, de uma casa albergue para dormir e proteger-se dos animais e dos espíritos da floresta, se passa a uma moradia onde se recebem os parentes e amigos da mesma maneira que são realizados trabalhos de pequeno comércio cotidiano; na parte frontal instalam-se a sala e uma loja, se aumenta e melhora a cozinha a”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > A casa rural: persistências e transformações
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A partir do ponto de vista físico-espacial, está representada por padrões urbanos e arquitetônicos que foram usados pelas comunidades na construção de seus povoados.”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > O espaço familiar e o espaço coletivo
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“as famílias foram retiradas de um contexto territorial de localização central, próximo aos locais de trabalho onde pescavam, viviam e interagiam sendo transladadas a um espaço em que sofrem com problemas de mobilidade, transporte, educação e saúde, pois, quatro anos após a realocação, ainda não haviam sido construídos os recursos e os serviços necessários e prometidos à comunidade.”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > Como acontece com os Macroprojetos de Interesse Social Nacional (MISN)
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Apesar dos baixos níveis de qualidade de vida e dos altos índices de pobreza, ao que se deve somar o conflito interno e o controle territorial por parte do crime organizado, essas comunidades encontraram a forma de preservar as manifestações tradicionais rurais em uma linguagem estética no urbano.”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > p. 191
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Com o transcurso do tempo e mediante processos de autoconstrução individual, as casas vão sendo melhoradas tanto em aspectos técnico-construtivos quanto em aspectos relativos ao conforto e à qualidade.”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > A moradia urbana: do tradicional ao genérico
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“mediante a análise das vizinhanças de parentesco (MOSQUERA Y APRILLE-GNISET, 1999;2001;2006;2010) como configurações socioespaciais próprias das comunidades rurais desta região do país, que persistiram durante o tempo e, inclusive, se deslocaram a núcleos urbanos.”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > c) Deslocamento forçado e disputas internas pelo território:
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites MOSQUERA Y APRILLE-GNISET, 1999;2001;2006;2010
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“e, foram modificados, durante mais de 500 anos, para se adaptarem a um contexto cultural, social e ambiental variável”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > O espaço familiar e o espaço coletivo
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No processo de transformação dos hábitats rurais incidem de maneira definitiva tanto na multiplicação das famílias assentadas no território quanto a vinculação dos hábitats e seus habitantes aos mercados urbanos.”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > A casa rural: persistências e transformações
boostedstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“De fato, os projetos recentes de moradia social construídos no Pacífico, particularmente em Buenaventura, desconhecem por completo a riqueza dos valores culturais e das expressões formais e estéticas do urbanismo e da arquitetura do Afro-Pacífico.”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > p. 191
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As aldeias estão situadas ao longo dos rios e do mar e constituem-se em um tipo de hábitat anfíbio devido à compreensão das mudanças do nível de água e à incorporação dessas mudanças nas tipologias construtivas.”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > O espaço familiar e o espaço coletivo
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nesses bairros, as famílias apoiam-se mutuamente para enfrentar os problemas e as eventualidades da vida cotidiana e doméstica, compartilham os momentos de alegria, celebração ou dor pela morte de algum de seus membros.”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > p. 183
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Os primeiros povoadores têm vínculos consanguíneos ou de parentesco ritual e organizam-se espacialmente de acordo com eles e os ramos da descendência”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > O espaço familiar e o espaço coletivo
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites DE FRIEDEMANN, 1974
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites MOSQUERA 1999
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites MOSQUERA 2001
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As comunidades afrodescendentes que habitam a região colombiana do Pacífico têm tradições e características culturais que denotam o grande significado que a vida em comunidade representa para elas.”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > Abstract
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Essa característica cultural persiste até hoje como representação do significado que se dá ao território como bem comunitário, mais, também da resistência a centenas de anos de pressão colonial e neocolonial.”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > p. 183
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“as comunidades afrodescendentes e indígenas do litoral Pacífico estão longe de receberem um reconhecimento e apoio pleno do Estado, pois seus territórios mantêm os piores indicadores de pobreza e qualidade de vida (GALVIS, MOYANO & ALBA, 2016).”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > O espaço familiar e o espaço coletivo
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites GALVIS, MOYANO & ALBA, 2016
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“5 que sob critérios de planejamento, ordenamento territorial, riscos que não podem ser mitigados por fenômenos naturais e proteção ambiental, além de baixas condições de habitabilidade, definem a realocação de numerosas famílias mediante operações de grande escala que causam grandes transformações culturais e físico-espaciais, afetando as práticas ancestrais de ocupação e de construção do territ”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > Como acontece com os Macroprojetos de Interesse Social Nacional (MISN)
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Ter o foco da análise posto nas vizinhanças de parentesco como representação físico-espacial e sociocultural do valor da vida coletiva no Afro-Pacífico representa uma oportunidade dupla.”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > c) Deslocamento forçado e disputas internas pelo território:
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“contribuir ao debate sobre as políticas públicas que vem desconhecendo as tradições culturais arraigadas nesses territórios, mediante a imposição de um urbanismo e de uma arquitetura genéricos nos projetos de moradia social.”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > Abstract
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A vulnerabilidade social, ideológica e econômica, as iniciativas derivadas de um modelo desenvolvimentista adotado governo após governo e a migração forçada que pressionou soluções rápidas de moradia à população deslocada que tenta restituir sua vida e seu hábitat nas cidades, começando desde zero, são fatores centrais que estão influenciando na perda dos valores ancestrais e da arquitetura tradic”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > Conclusões
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Since the last decades of the 20th century, the most important cities of the Pacific coast, as well as capitals near the coast, received a significant number of forced migrant peasants dispossessed of their territories as a result of the armed conflict or of territorial control activities inherent to narcotrafficking and illegal exploitation of natural resources.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“O histórico abandono por parte do Estado, junto ao acesso restrito ao terreno de baixo custo para moradia social, obrigou aos habitantes urbanos pobres a autogerirem alternativas que lhes permitam viver na cidade, mesmo que seja na periferia e com o risco latente de serem afetados por desastres naturais próprios das regiões entremarés.”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > A moradia urbana: do tradicional ao genérico
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“cozinhar com gás ao invés de lenha implica na melhoria da cozinha e, com isso, aos espaços destinados à lavagem de roupa que substituem os antigos lugares de reunião e tarefas femininas no rio ou nas margens dos riachos.”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > A casa rural: persistências e transformações
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Apesar da possibilidade de conservar a tradição de viver com a família estendida, as partilhas dos lotes urbanos e a conformação de ruelas para dar lugar a filhos e parentes próximos, implicam em altos índices de ocupação e construção, a uma crescente densidade residencial e, ainda, a uma degradação das condições de habitabilidade.”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > Os bairros de produção popular nas cidades do Afro-Pacífico
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Essa decisão garante que as novas gerações tenham um lugar onde viver e formar uma família, ao mesmo tempo que, garante que os mais jovens permaneçam perto dos seus pais e avós para cuidá-los”
§ urbanismo, arquitetura e vida coletiva no Afro-pacífico colombiano > p. 183
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Durante a época colonial, uma das principais características dos assentamentos do Afro-Pacífico foi a consolidação dos territórios coletivos, contrapostos à ideia de propriedade privada imposta pela coroa espanhola.
“De fato, durante a época colonial, uma das principais características dos assentamentos do Afro-Pacífico foi a consolidação dos territórios coletivos, contrapostos à ideia de propriedade privada imposta pela coroa espanhola como parte do processo fundacional.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Rural migration in Latin America accelerated after the 1930s and in Colombia reached the category of a massive exodus driven by violence in the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s, with less intensity in the Pacific region than in Andean rural territories.
“A migração dos habitantes do campo que, na América Latina acelerou-se depois da década dos anos trinta e que, na Colômbia, alcançou a categoria de êxodo massivo impulsionado pela violência nos anos 1940, 1950 e 1960, teve menor intensidade na região do Pacífico que em territórios rurais andinos.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Since the last decades of the 20th century, the most important cities of the Pacific coast, as well as capitals near the coast, received a significant number of forced migrant peasants dispossessed of their territories as a result of the armed conflict or of territorial control activities inherent to narcotrafficking and illegal exploitation of natural resources.
“No entanto, desde as últimas décadas do século XX, as cidades mais importantes do litoral Pacífico, assim como as capitais próximas ao litoral, foram receptoras de um número importante de campesinos migrantes forçados que foram despojados de seus territórios em decorrência do conflito armado ou por atividades de controle territorial inerentes ao narcotráfico e à exploração ilegal de recursos nat”
The paper relies on this without support.
Colombia openly recognized itself as a multicultural nation.
“em um país como a Colômbia, que se reconheceu abertamente como uma nação multicultural”
Citations
Cites
Brubaker, G. A., & de Pineda, V. G. (1970) · Hispanic American Historical Review · doi:10.1215/00182168-50.1.183 · Cited by 156
Aldeas de la costa de Buenaventura
Torres, G. M., & Aprile-Gniset, J. (2006) · Editorial Universidad del Valle eBooks · doi:10.25100/peu.204 · Cited by 18
Self-citationLa persistencia de la pobreza en el Pacífico colombiano y sus factores asociados
Galvis-Aponte, L. A., Moyano, L. M., & Alba, C. A. (2016) · doi:10.32468/dtseru.238
Cited by
Still being checked.
Metadata
- Authors
- Torres, G. M., & Calderón, Á. M. F.
- Affiliations
- Universidad del Valle (CO)
- Venue
- Laje
- Publisher
- Universidade Federal da Bahia
- Published
- 2023-12-06
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 172-197
- ISSN
- 2965-4904 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4389819383
- Cited by
- 0
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- pt
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- Laje (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Archeology (arts and humanities) › Architecture and Cultural Influences
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Architecture › Architecture, Modernity, and Design
- Social Sciences › Urban Studies › Latin American Urban Studies
- Keywords
- Afro-descendant communities, Colombian Pacific region, collective life, socio-spatial representations, vernacular architecture, urbanism, rural settlement patterns, social housing, cultural traditions, public policy, generic architecture
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-11-10, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-11-10 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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