The DOI matches its Crossref record; 15 of the 15 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 14 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Strategies to Overcome Fatigue in Air Traffic Control Based on Stress Management
Open accessAbstract
Safety and health at work are extremely important, yet they still appear to be one of the most neglected factors in the aviation industry.Almost 90% of accidents that occur in the workplace are due to human errors.While studies suggest that the lack of skills and experience among workers can significantly increase the prevalence of human errors, few studies actually investigate how stress and fatigue can affect human error.Hence, this study aims to explore the significance of the effects of stress and fatigue and work on human error in aviation industry.Questionnaires were developed and distributed to several air traffic control units across China and Eastern Europe.A total of 73 questionnaire responses were collected.The responses were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics.It was found that fatigue and stress play a major role in the work of air traffic controllers.Research showed that pressure with 58.90%, fatigue with a total of 60.30%, and shift work with 76.70% are the main stressors among ATCOs.The results of this study are highlighting main areas of concern and can act as useful guidance for further research.
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Claims the paper makes
35 Own result · 12 Sources not found · 7 Own interpretation · 6 Own method · 1 Not checked yet
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Research showed that pressure with 58.90%, fatigue with a total of 60.30%, and shift work with 76.70% are the main stressors among ATCOs.”
§ Strategies to Overcome Fatigue in Air Traffic Control Based on Stress Management > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Research showed that pressure with 58.90%, fatigue with a total of 60.30%, and shift work with 76.70% are the main stressors among ATCOs.”
§ Strategies to Overcome Fatigue in Air Traffic Control Based on Stress Management > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It was found that fatigue and stress play a major role in the work of air traffic controllers.”
§ Strategies to Overcome Fatigue in Air Traffic Control Based on Stress Management > Abstract
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Research showed that pressure with 58.90%, fatigue with a total of 60.30%, and shift work with 76.70% are the main stressors among ATCOs.”
§ Strategies to Overcome Fatigue in Air Traffic Control Based on Stress Management > Abstract
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Fatigue with mean score 0, 6986”
§ Strategies to Overcome Fatigue in Air Traffic Control Based on Stress Management > 5.1. Analysis of collected data
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“I receive brake every 2 hours while on position (28.8%)”
§ Strategies to Overcome Fatigue in Air Traffic Control Based on Stress Management > 5.1. Analysis of collected data
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“I am easily fatigued (42.5%) are answered as neutral.”
§ Strategies to Overcome Fatigue in Air Traffic Control Based on Stress Management > 5.1. Analysis of collected data
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“mean for household related activities is only 8.5890”
§ Strategies to Overcome Fatigue in Air Traffic Control Based on Stress Management > 5.1. Analysis of collected data
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Research was able to highlight main stressors among air traffic controllers where pressure, fatigue and shiftwork came out with highest percentages”
§ Strategies to Overcome Fatigue in Air Traffic Control Based on Stress Management > VI. CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE SURVEY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“53.4% is using their breaks to finish unfinished work”
§ Strategies to Overcome Fatigue in Air Traffic Control Based on Stress Management > Fig 1 Use of breaks
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Probably not a substantial claim. 8
- It may state two separate claims as one. 19
- The quote only partly states this claim. 1
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“they answered as fallowed: gym, library, massage, meditation room, sleeping room, garden, wireless internet excess etc.”
§ Strategies to Overcome Fatigue in Air Traffic Control Based on Stress Management > Fig 1 Use of breaks
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“the highest scored statement is”
§ Strategies to Overcome Fatigue in Air Traffic Control Based on Stress Management > 5.1. Analysis of collected data
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Mean for pressure is (M= 0, 6164) with its standard deviation 0, 48962.”
§ Strategies to Overcome Fatigue in Air Traffic Control Based on Stress Management > 5.1. Analysis of collected data
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“53.1% of male air traffic controllers said that they are currently experiencing some signs of stress, and 70.8% of female air traffic controllers that were part of the questionnaire said yes on the same question.”
§ Strategies to Overcome Fatigue in Air Traffic Control Based on Stress Management > 5.1. Analysis of collected data
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“mean for work related activities is 36.9589hours a week with maximum of 80 hour per week and minimum of 0 hours.”
§ Strategies to Overcome Fatigue in Air Traffic Control Based on Stress Management > 5.1. Analysis of collected data
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“I get on average 8 hours of sleep a night (35.6%)”
§ Strategies to Overcome Fatigue in Air Traffic Control Based on Stress Management > 5.1. Analysis of collected data
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Deadlines show its standard deviation as 0, 50114 and mean (M= 0, 4521).”
§ Strategies to Overcome Fatigue in Air Traffic Control Based on Stress Management > 5.1. Analysis of collected data
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Work relations show lowest standard deviation 0, 39643 and its lowest mean score (M= 0, 1918).”
§ Strategies to Overcome Fatigue in Air Traffic Control Based on Stress Management > 5.1. Analysis of collected data
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“exercise brings on my fatigue (58.9%)”
§ Strategies to Overcome Fatigue in Air Traffic Control Based on Stress Management > 5.1. Analysis of collected data
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
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The quote only partly states this claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The questionnaires have been designed for Area controllers in China and Eastern Europe and it was developed based on literature review and previous studies on a same topic.”
§ Strategies to Overcome Fatigue in Air Traffic Control Based on Stress Management > V. RESEARCH SURVEY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Fatigue, sleepiness, circadian trough, sleep deprivation, low traffic load, and low lighting levels were all identified as factors contributing to decreased performance and vigilance at night”
§ Strategies to Overcome Fatigue in Air Traffic Control Based on Stress Management > 3.1.1. Shiftwork
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Benson, 1970;Costa, 1993;Costa, 1999
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This research was exploratory in nature because of the limitation in size and scope.”
§ Strategies to Overcome Fatigue in Air Traffic Control Based on Stress Management > V. RESEARCH SURVEY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“shift schedules often create sleep debt, which reduces alertness and performance, particularly during night shifts and at the beginning of early morning shifts.”
§ Strategies to Overcome Fatigue in Air Traffic Control Based on Stress Management > 3.1.1. Shiftwork
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Costa, 1999;Meyer, 1973
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A total of 80 Air traffic controllers were sampled and 75 questionnaires returned, from which 73 are valid.”
§ Strategies to Overcome Fatigue in Air Traffic Control Based on Stress Management > V. RESEARCH SURVEY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
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- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Questionnaires were strictly anonymous and the only personal information shared was age, gender and country.”
§ Strategies to Overcome Fatigue in Air Traffic Control Based on Stress Management > V. RESEARCH SURVEY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Coping with shiftwork, fatigue, and stress becomes increasingly difficult with age, mainly because older ATCs are less resistant to stress, get less sleep, and their circadian rhythms are more easily disrupted by unstable sleep patterns”
§ Strategies to Overcome Fatigue in Air Traffic Control Based on Stress Management > 3.1.4. Personal characteristics and individual differences
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Costa, 1999;Costa et al., 1995;Rhodes et al., 1996
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Shiftwork has the potential to disrupt the circadian rhythms and impair work performance, raising concerns for the safe operation of air traffic control.”
§ Strategies to Overcome Fatigue in Air Traffic Control Based on Stress Management > 3.1.1. Shiftwork
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Costa, 1999;Meyer, 1973
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedstates a possible cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Morning-type ATCs have more difficulty coping with night work, but they cope more easily with early morning hours, while evening types, as can be expected, cope more easily with evening and night shifts”
§ Strategies to Overcome Fatigue in Air Traffic Control Based on Stress Management > 3.1.4. Personal characteristics and individual differences
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Costa, 1999;Costa et al., 1995;Rhodes et al., 1994
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“ATCs working at night are at the nadir of their circadian rhythms, which results in fatigue, sleepiness, and performance decrements”
§ Strategies to Overcome Fatigue in Air Traffic Control Based on Stress Management > 3.1.1. Shiftwork
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Costa, 1999;Meyer, 1973
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Overall, evening types cope better with shiftwork since they show less sleep disruption with shiftwork and also lowered levels in physiological indicators associated with stress”
§ Strategies to Overcome Fatigue in Air Traffic Control Based on Stress Management > 3.1.4. Personal characteristics and individual differences
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Costa, 1993 source
- Not matchedcites Costa, 1999
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates an association- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A total of 80 Air traffic controllers were sampled and 75 questionnaires returned, from which 73 are valid.”
§ Strategies to Overcome Fatigue in Air Traffic Control Based on Stress Management > V. RESEARCH SURVEY
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“It is a data-driven, risk-informed, safety performance-based program that reduces the risk of fatigue-related incidents in 24/7 operations.”
§ Strategies to Overcome Fatigue in Air Traffic Control Based on Stress Management > 3.2. Fatigue risk management system
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [16] 16. IATA, Fatigue risk management system, Implementation guide for operators, 1 st edition, July 2011
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As seen from the results gathered about stress, fatigue and shiftwork play a major role in causing stress.”
§ Strategies to Overcome Fatigue in Air Traffic Control Based on Stress Management > 5.1. Analysis of collected data
plainstates a cause- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Nearly 90% of workplace accidents result from human error.
“Almost 90% of accidents that occur in the workplace are due to human errors.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Only a small number of studies have examined how stress and fatigue influence human error.
“few studies actually investigate how stress and fatigue can affect human error.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Stress impairs air traffic controllers' performance and their ability to complete tasks properly.
“Stress affects performance of air traffic controllers and their abilities to complete their tasks properly.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Excessive stress reduces controllers' focus and concentration and can cause catastrophic aviation incidents and accidents.
“Too much stress affects controller ability to focus and concentrate on a certain task which can lead to catastrophic events, such as aviation incidents and accidents.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Fatigue in safety-critical tasks such as flying or separating aircraft can have disastrous consequences.
“However, if that person is involved in safety-related activities such as piloting an aircraft, or separating aircraft and being in charge of a safe air traffic flow, the consequences of fatigue can be disastrous.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Human fatigue has been implicated as a causal factor in some major aircraft accidents.
“Human fatigue has been indicated as a causal factor in some significant aircraft accidents.”
The paper relies on this without support.
About 70% of fatal accidents in commercial aviation are linked to human error.
“In commercial aviation operations, about 70% of fatal accidents are related to human error.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Stress triggers cortisol and adrenaline release; when stored energy is depleted, this produces tiredness and sleepiness, which links stress and fatigue.
“When we are stressed, our body produces a hormone called cortisol.Cortisol increases the amount of adrenaline produced by our adrenal glands, which pumps us up and kicks in our”
“When the energy is all gone, we feel tired and sleepy-hence the link between stress and fatigue.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Constant exposure to pressure, deadlines, and risks eventually causes fatigue.
“If individual is exposed to a constant stream of pressure, deadlines, risks it will eventually lead to fatigue.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Prolonged fatigue in ATCOs reduces reaction time, alertness, decision making, judgment, and concentration, eventually causing stress from inability to meet demands.
“If ATCO is experiencing fatigue for some period of time his operational abilities such as reaction time, alertness decision making, judgment and concentration will be receded which will eventually lead to stress due to inanity to meet the demands.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Lower self-perceived health status is associated with a higher risk of stress and fatigue.
“Common risk factor patterns could be identified according to socio-economic status and self-perceived health status: the lower the health status the higher the risk for stress and fatigue.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Women report more fatigue than men.
“As in comparable studies, women report higher fatigue than men.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Fatigue can be a stress-related disorder triggered by long-lasting tension.
“Fatigue could be a stress-related disorder triggered by long lasting tension.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Fatigue is a major human factors hazard that affects most aspects of ATCOs' job performance.
“Fatigue is a major human factors hazard because it affects most aspects of the air traffic controls ability to do their job.”
The paper relies on this without support.
ATCOs are mostly exposed to mental fatigue because of constant demands and stressful life-threatening situations.
“As already noted before, ATCOs are mostly exposed to mental fatigue due to constant stream of demans, solving stressful life threating situations end much more.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Women are more likely than men to report physiological and psychological symptoms of stress.
“as women are more likely than men to report physiological and psychological symptoms of stress.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Women are more involved than men in household responsibilities and raising children.
“women are more involved in house holding responsibilities, raising children etc.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The effects of sleep restriction are cumulative.
“Because the effects of sleep restriction are cumulative”
The paper relies on this without support.
Most ATC units worldwide do not have a psychologist or any type of therapist available for ATCOs around the clock.
“Research has shown that most ATC units world-wide do not have psychologist or any type of therapist that is available for ATCOs around the clock.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Stress levels in the aviation industry are higher than in any other occupation.
“such as aviation industry where stress levels are higher than any other occupation”
The paper relies on this without support.
Fatigue represents a significant risk in aviation when left unaddressed.
“While fatigue represents a significant risk in aviation when left unaddressed”
The paper relies on this without support.
A 40-hour break starting at 20:00 would allow most people two consecutive nights of unrestricted sleep.
“40-hour break starting at 20:00 would allow most people two consecutive nights of unrestricted sleep”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Strategies to Overcome Fatigue in Air Traffic Control Based on Stress Management > Abstract
“Research showed that pressure with 58.90%, fatigue with a total of 60.30%, and shift work with 76.70% are the main stressors among ATCOs.”
§ Strategies to Overcome Fatigue in Air Traffic Control Based on Stress Management > VII. CONCLUSION
“| Pressure | 73 | ,6164 | ,48962 |”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Strategies to Overcome Fatigue in Air Traffic Control Based on Stress Management > 5.1. Analysis of collected data
“The results are seen in Table 8 where majority (68.5%) of controllers said that in their opinion organization is not putting enough effort in development and implementation of strategies that would help them overcome stress.”
§ Strategies to Overcome Fatigue in Air Traffic Control Based on Stress Management > VII. CONCLUSION
“Table: 7 Table 7 Opinion on invested effort by organization in development and implementation of new stress management strategies”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Strategies to Overcome Fatigue in Air Traffic Control Based on Stress Management > Abstract
“Research showed that pressure with 58.90%, fatigue with a total of 60.30%, and shift work with 76.70% are the main stressors among ATCOs.”
§ Strategies to Overcome Fatigue in Air Traffic Control Based on Stress Management > VII. CONCLUSION
“| Fatigue | 73 | ,6986 | ,46203 |”
Citations
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Flight to the future : human factors in air traffic control
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Stress Resilience Assessment Based on Physiological Features in Selection of Air Traffic Controllers
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Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Tomic, I., & Liu, J.
- Affiliations
- Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (CN)
- ORCID
- Liu, Jixin
- Venue
- The International Journal of Engineering and Science
- Publisher
- IOSR Journals
- Published
- 2017-04
- Volume
- 06
- Issue
- 04
- Pages
- 48-57
- ISSN
- 2319-1805 (ISSN-L)
- 2319-1813
- OpenAlex
- W2609342688
- Semantic Scholar
- 343b0705df3f1a9e615e268349677654fd88ac00
- Cited by
- 12
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 0.71
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- The International Journal of Engineering and Science (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Stress and Burnout Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Workplace Health and Well-being
- Keywords
- air traffic controllers, fatigue, occupational stress, human error, shift work, aviation safety, stress management, occupational health
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