Russell, Chris

Counterfactual explanations without opening the black box: automated decisions and the GDPR

Wachter, S., Mittelstadt, B., & Russell, C. (2017) · SSRN Electronic Journal

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)Digitalization, Law, and Regulation

Cited by 1,061

Counterfactual Fairness

Kusner, M. J., Loftus, J. R., Russell, C., & Silva, R. (2017) · arXiv

Ethics and Social Impacts of AIExplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)

Cited by 995

Explaining Explanations in AI

Mittelstadt, B., Russell, C., & Wachter, S. (2019) · Proceedings of the Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)Philosophy of Biology and Scientific Explanation

Cited by 794

Why fairness cannot be automated: Bridging the gap between EU non-discrimination law and AI

Wachter, S., Mittelstadt, B., & Russell, C. (2021) · Computer Law & Security Review

Ethics and Social Impacts of AIDiscrimination and Equality Law

Cited by 336

Efficient Search for Diverse Coherent Explanations

Russell, C. (2019) · Proceedings of the Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)Software Testing and Debugging Techniques

Cited by 218

Bias Preservation in Machine Learning: The Legality of Fairness Metrics Under EU Non-Discrimination Law

Wachter, S., Mittelstadt, B., & Russell, C. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal

Ethics and Social Impacts of AIDiscrimination and Equality Law

Cited by 167

Translating Images into Maps

Saha, A., Maldonado, O. M., Russell, C., & Bowden, R. (2021) · arXiv

Robotics and Sensor-Based LocalizationAdvanced Neural Network Applications

Cited by 142

To protect science, we must use LLMs as zero-shot translators

Mittelstadt, B., Wachter, S., & Russell, C. (2023) · Nature Human Behaviour

Ethics and Social Impacts of AITopic Modeling

Cited by 58

Deepfakes on Demand: The rise of accessible non-consensual deepfake image generators

Hawkins, W., Mittelstadt, B., & Russell, C. (2025) · Proceedings of the 2025 ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency

Digital Media Forensic DetectionMisinformation and Its Impacts

Cited by 20