Acral Lentiginous Melanoma: Incidence and Survival Patterns in the United States, 1986-2005
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To examine incidence and survival patterns of acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) in the United States. DESIGN: Population-based registry study. We used the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program of the National Cancer Institute to evaluate data from 17 population-based cancer registries from 1986 to 2005. PARTICIPANTS: A total 1413 subjects with histologically confirmed cases of ALM. Main Outcome Measure Incidence and survival patterns of patients with ALM. RESULTS: The age-adjusted incidence rate of ALM overall was 1.8 per million person-years. The proportion of ALM among all melanoma subtypes was greatest in blacks (36%). Acral lentiginous melanoma had 5- and 10-year melanoma-specific survival rates of 80.3% and 67.5%, respectively, which were less than those for all cutaneous malignant melanomas overall (91.3% and 87.5%, respectively; P < .001). The ALM 5- and 10-year melanoma-specific survival rates were highest in non-Hispanic whites (82.6% and 69.4%), intermediate in blacks (77.2% and 71.5%), and lowest in Hispanic whites (72.8% and 57.3%) and Asian/Pacific Islanders (70.2% and 54.1%). Acral lentiginous melanoma thickness and stage correlated with survival according to sex and in the different racial groups. CONCLUSIONS: Population-based data showed that ALM is a rare melanoma subtype, although its proportion among all melanomas is higher in people of color. It is associated with a worse prognosis than cutaneous malignant melanoma overall. Hispanic whites and Asian/Pacific Islanders have worse survival rates than other groups, and factors such as increased tumor thickness and more advanced stage at presentation are the most likely explanations.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
While individuals with SOC have lower melanoma incidence, their mortality rates are disproportionately higher than White individuals.
“While individuals with SOC have a lower incidence of melanoma, their mortality rates are disproportionately higher than those of White individuals [70–74].”
From Photoprotection for skin of color (2022) · cites this paper as [71]
In SEER 1986-2005, ALMs accounted for 36% of melanomas in Blacks, 18% in Asian/Pacific Islanders, 9% in Hispanic Whites, compared with 1% in non-Hispanic Whites; ALM is not thought to be associated with UV radiation and instead has been linked to mechanical stress and injury.
“A study of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry from 1986 to 2005 found that ALMs accounted for 36%, 18%, and 9% of melanomas diagnosed in Blacks, Asian/Pacific Islanders, and Hispanic Whites, respectively, compared with 1% of melanomas in non-Hispanic Whites [71].”
From Photoprotection for skin of color (2022) · cites this paper as [71]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Distinct Sets of Genetic Alterations in Melanoma
Curtin, J. A., Fridlyand, J., Kageshita, T., Patel, H. N., Busam, K. J., Kutzner, H., Cho, K.-H., Aiba, S., Bröcker, E.-B., LeBoit, P. E., et al. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa050092 · Cited by 2,747 · see citing works
Final Version of the American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging System for Cutaneous Melanoma
Balch, C. M., Buzaid, A. C., Soong, S., Atkins, M. B., Cascinelli, N., Coit, D. G., Fleming, I. D., Gershenwald, J. E., Houghton, A. N., Kirkwood, J. M., et al. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2001.19.16.3635 · Cited by 2,627 · see citing works
Thickness, Cross-Sectional Areas and Depth of Invasion in the Prognosis of Cutaneous Melanoma
Breslow, A. (1970) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/00000658-197011000-00017 · Cited by 2,445 · see citing works
Balch, C. M., Soong, S., Gershenwald, J. E., Thompson, J. F., Reintgen, D. S., Cascinelli, N., Urist, M. M., McMasters, K. M., Ross, M. I., Kirkwood, J. M., et al. (2001) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2001.19.16.3622 · Cited by 2,385 · see citing works
Determinants of BRAF Mutations in Primary Melanomas
Maldonado, J. L., Fridlyand, J., Patel, H., Jain, A. N., Busam, K., Kageshita, T., Ono, T., Albertson, D. G., Pinkel, D., & Bastian, B. C. (2003) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djg123 · Cited by 664 · see citing works
Markovic, S. N., Erickson, L. A., Rao, R. D., McWilliams, R. R., Kottschade, L. A., Creagan, E. T., Weenig, R. H., Hand, J. L., Pittelkow, M. R., Pockaj, B. A., et al. (2007) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.4065/82.3.364 · Cited by 503 · see citing works
Howe, H., Wu, X.-C., Ries, L., Cokkinides, V., Ahmed, F., Jemal, A., Miller, B., Williams, M. A., Ward, E. M., Wingo, P., et al. (2006) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.22193 · Cited by 483 · see citing works
Ethnic differences among patients with cutaneous melanoma
Cormier, J. N., Xing, Y., Ding, M., Lee, J. E., Mansfield, P. F., Gershenwald, J. E., Ross, M. I., & Du, X. L. (2006) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.166.17.1907 · Cited by 378 · see citing works
Improving Melanoma Classification by Integrating Genetic and Morphologic Features
Virós, A., Fridlyand, J., Bauer, J. M., Lasithiotakis, K., Garbe, C., Pinkel, D., & Bastian, B. C. (2008) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0050120 · Cited by 376 · see citing works
Acral lentiginous melanoma: a clinicoprognostic study of 126 cases
Phan, A., Touzet, S., Dalle, S., et al. (2006) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07368.x · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Kuchelmeister, C., Schaumburg‐Lever, G., & Garbe, C. (2000) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03651.x · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Age and gender are significant independent predictors of survival in primary cutaneous melanoma
Lasithiotakis, K. G., Leiter, U., Meier, F. E., Eigentler, T., Metzler, G., Moehrle, M., Breuninger, H., & Garbe, C. (2008) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.23359 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
Bastian, B. C., Kashani–Sabet, M., Hamm, H., Godfrey, T. E., Moore, D. H., Bröcker, E.-B., LeBoit, P. E., & Pinkel, D. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Estimating Average Annual Percent Change for Disease Rates without Assuming Constant Change
Fay, M. P., Tiwari, R. C., Feuer, E. J., et al. (2006) · Biometrics · doi:10.1111/j.1541-0420.2006.00528.x · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Coleman, W. P. (1980) · Archives of Dermatology · doi:10.1001/archderm.1980.01640310043015 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Gender-Related Differences in Outcome for Melanoma Patients
Scoggins, C. R., Ross, M. I., Reintgen, D. S., Noyes, R. D., Goydos, J. S., Beitsch, P. D., Urist, M. M., Ariyan, S., SUSSMAN, J. S., Edwards, M. J., et al. (2006) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/01.sla.0000216771.81362.6b · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Arrington, J. H., Reed, R. J., Ichinose, H., et al. (1977) · The American Journal of Surgical Pathology · doi:10.1097/00000478-197706000-00004 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Melanomas of the palm, sole, and nailbed: A clinicopathologic study
Feibleman, G. E., Stoll, H. L., & Maize, J. C. (1980) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19801201)46:11 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Dysmyelopoietic syndromes a search for prognostic factors in 193 patients
Coiffier, B., Adeleine, P., Viala, J. J., Bryon, P. A., Fiere, D. M., Gentilhomme, O., & Vuvan, H. (2006) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/1097-0142(19830701)52:1 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Zell, J. A., Cinar, P., Mobasher, M., Ziogas, A., Meyskens, F. L., & Anton-Culver, H. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2007.12.3604 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Malignant Melanoma in the 21st Century, Part 2: Staging, Prognosis, and Treatment
Markovic, S. N., Erickson, L. A., Rao, R. D., Weenig, R. H., Pockaj, B. A., Bardia, A., Vachon, C. M., Schild, S. E., McWilliams, R. R., Hand, J. L., et al. (2007) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.4065/82.4.490 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Early Detection of Thick Melanomas in the United States
Demierre, M., Chung, C., Miller, D. R., & Geller, A. C. (2005) · Archives of Dermatology · doi:10.1001/archderm.141.6.745 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Acral with melanoma: A review of 185 patients identification of prognostic variables
Slingluff, C. L., Vollmer, R. T., & Seigler, H. F. (1990) · Journal of Surgical Oncology · doi:10.1002/jso.2930450207 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Developing epidemic of melanoma in the hispanic population of California
Cockburn, M., Zadnick, J., & Deapen, D. (2006) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.21654 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
A Population-Based Validation of the American Joint Committee on Cancer Melanoma Staging System
Gimotty, P. A., Botbyl, J. D., Soong, S., & Guerry, D. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2005.02.4976 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
New concepts in surgical pathology of the skin
Reed, R. J. (1976) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Ridgeway, C. A. (1995) · Archives of Surgery · doi:10.1001/archsurg.1995.01430010090019 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Malignant Melanoma in the American Black
Krementz, E. T., Sutherland, C. M., CARTER, R. D., et al. (1976) · Annals of Surgery · doi:10.1097/00000658-197605000-00010 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Cascinelli, N., Zurrida, S., Galimberti, V. E., et al. (1994) · The Journal of Dermatologic Surgery and Oncology · doi:10.1111/j.1524-4725.1994.tb03711.x · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Jimbow, K., Takahashi, H., Miura, S., et al. (1984) · PubMed · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Tucker, K. R., Shiftman, N., A, A. K., et al. (1981) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/00006534-198110000-00115 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Muchemwa, F. C., Ma, D., Inoue, Y., Curtin, J. A., Bastian, B. C., Ihn, H., & Kageshita, T. (2007) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2007.08292.x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Malignant melanoma in the North American Negro.
Jp, S., & Hs, G. (1971) · PubMed · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Malignant melanomas in the South African Bantu
Kaplan, I., & Youngleson, J. (1972) · British Journal of Plastic Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0007-1226(72)80018-3 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Acral lentiginous melanoma or Hutchinson's melanotic freckle of the extremities. A case report.
Rippey, J. J., & Lewin, J. R. (1978) · PubMed · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- [15]Percy C Fritz A Ries L Conversion of Neoplasms by Topography and Morphology from the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, Second Edition (ICD-O-2) to the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, Third Edition (ICD-O-3) Bethesda, MD Cancer Statistics Branch, DCCPS, Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program, National Cancer Institute 2001
- [39]Kuchelmeister C Schaumburg-Lever G Garbe C Acral cutaneous melanoma in Caucasians: clinical features, histopathology and prognosis in 112 patients Br J Dermatol 2000 143 275 280 10951133
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Agbai, O. N., Buster, K., Sanchez, M., Hernandez, C., Kundu, R. V., Chiu, M., Roberts, W. E., Draelos, Z. D., Bhushan, R., Taylor, S. C., et al. (2014) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2013.11.038 · Cited by 376 · see citing works
Wu, X.-C., Eide, M. J., King, J., Saraiya, M., Huang, Y., Wiggins, C., Barnholtz-Sloan, J. S., Martin, N., Cokkinides, V., Miller, J., et al. (2011) · Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology · doi:10.1016/j.jaad.2011.05.034 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Basurto‐Lozada, P., Molina‐Aguilar, C., Castaneda‐Garcia, C., Vázquez‐Cruz, M. E., Garcia‐Salinas, O. I., Álvarez‐Cano, A., Martínez‐Said, H., Roldán‐Marín, R., Adams, D. J., Possik, P. A., et al. (2021) · Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research · doi:10.1111/pcmr.12885 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
UV Exposure and the Risk of Cutaneous Melanoma in Skin of Color: A Systematic Review
Lopes, F. C. P. S., Sleiman, M. G., Sebastian, K., Bogucka, R., Jacobs, E. A., & Adamson, A. S. (2021) · JAMA Dermatology · doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.4616 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Robinson, J. K., Joshi, K. M., Ortiz, S., & Kundu, R. V. (2011) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.1736 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Photoprotection for skin of color
Tsai, J., & Chien, A. L. (2022) · American Journal of Clinical Dermatology · doi:10.1007/s40257-021-00670-z · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Sun-Protection Behaviors Among African Americans
Pichon, L. C., Corral, I., Landrine, H., Mayer, J. A., & Norman, G. J. (2010) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2009.10.041 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Acral melanoma in skin of color: current insights and future directions: a narrative review
Nadelmann, E., Singh, A., Abbruzzese, M., Adeuyan, O., Kenchappa, D., Kovrizhkin, K., Lightman, M., Samouha, A., Tao, K., Yun, J., et al. (2025) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers17030468 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bradford, P. T., Goldstein, A. M., McMaster, M. L., & Tucker, M. A.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Venue
- Archives of Dermatology
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2009-04-01
- Volume
- 145
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 427-34
- ISSN
- 0003-987X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2735055
- OpenAlex
- W2004563850
- Cited by
- 599
- References
- 35
- Citations by year
- 2026: 41 · 2025: 41 · 2024: 48 · 2023: 73 · 2022: 49 · 2021: 46 · 2020: 53 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 18 · 2013: 20 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 8.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Archives of Dermatology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Cancer Institute (Z01CP004410)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cutaneous Melanoma Detection and Management
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Melanoma and MAPK Pathways
- Keywords
- acral lentiginous melanoma, melanoma incidence, melanoma-specific survival, racial disparities in cancer outcomes, Hispanic whites, Asian/Pacific Islanders, tumor thickness, tumor stage, prognosis, SEER database
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Black or African American, Extremities, Female, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Male, Melanoma, Middle Aged, Skin Neoplasms, United States, Incidence, Hutchinson's Melanotic Freckle, Disease-Free Survival, Black People, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
