The DOI matches its Crossref record; 17 of the 17 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
N-Acetylcysteine, a Glutamate Modulator, in the Treatment of Trichotillomania: A Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Study
Abstract
Context Trichotillomania is characterized by repetitive hair pulling that causes noticeable hair loss. Data on the pharmacologic treatment of trichotillomania are limited to conflicting studies of serotonergic medications. N-acetylcysteine, an amino acid, seems to restore the extracellular glutamate concentration in the nucleus accumbens and, therefore, offers promise in the reduction of compulsive behavior. Objective To determine the efficacy and tolerability of N-acetylcysteine in adults with trichotillomania. Design Twelve-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Setting Ambulatory care center. Patients Fifty individuals with trichotillomania (45 women and 5 men; mean [SD] age, 34.3 [12.1] years). Interventions N-acetylcysteine (dosing range, 1200-2400 mg/d) or placebo was administered for 12 weeks. Main outcome measures Patients were assessed using the Massachusetts General Hospital Hair Pulling Scale, the Clinical Global Impression scale, the Psychiatric Institute Trichotillomania Scale, and measures of depression, anxiety, and psychosocial functioning. Outcomes were examined using analysis of variance modeling analyses and linear regression in an intention-to-treat population. Results Patients assigned to receive N-acetylcysteine had significantly greater reductions in hair-pulling symptoms as measured using the Massachusetts General Hospital Hair Pulling Scale (P Conclusions This study, the first to our knowledge that examines the efficacy of a glutamatergic agent…
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“The glutamate modulator n‐acetyl cysteine has shown evidence of efficacy, in double‐blind placebo‐controlled studies, for OC‐related disorders trichotillomania and skin‐picking disorder”
From Obsessive-compulsive disorder: Etiology, neuropathology, and cognitive dysfunction (2023) · cites this paper as Grant et al., 2009
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“A 12-week double-blind trial found the drug to be significantly more efficacious than placebo for adults with trichotillomania.(11) Berk et al(12) found N-acetylcysteine to be significantly better than placebo for improving the depressive component of bipolar disorder in adults in a double-blind trial.”
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“19 In addition, the psychotropic effects of progestin replacement therapy have not been tested in post-menopausal women with SCZ, despite the well-known association between menopause and a decrease in blood levels of sex hormones, including progesterone.”
BackgroundN-acetylcysteine for Trichotemnomania in an Adult Female With Williams Syndrome
Carroll, H. M., McDougle, C., & Thom, R. P. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/jcp.0000000000001827 · Cited by 1
Mareeva, A., & Pichugina, I. M. (2020) · Vestnik Dermatologii i Venerologii · doi:10.25208/vdv1127 · Cited by 1
Karami, F., Assarian, F., Ghoreishi, F., & Sehat, M. (2020) · Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal · doi:10.5812/ircmj.97550 · Cited by 1
Risk Assessment of “Other Substances” - L-cysteine and L-cystine
Strand, T., Frøyland, L., Haugen, M., Holvik, K., Løvik, M., Tell, G., Vaktskjold, A., & Iversen, P. (2018) · European Journal of Nutrition and Food Safety · doi:10.9734/ejnfs/2019/45634 · Cited by 1
Mouton‐Odum, S., & Houghton, D. C. (2018) · Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic · doi:10.1521/bumc.2018.82.4.288 · Cited by 2
Application of N-Acetylcysteine in Psychiatric Disorders
Slattery, J. M., & Frye, R. E. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-10-5311-5_12 · Cited by 1
Psychological Treatment of Trichotillomania
Francazio, S., Murphy, Y. E., & Flessner, C. (2017) · doi:10.1002/9781118890233.ch57 · Cited by 1
N-Acetylcysteine for Treating Compulsive Behavior: An Updated Meta-Analysis
Shiozawa, P., Generoso, M., Taiar, I., & Cordeiro, Q. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/jcp.0000000000000563 · Cited by 1
Yazıcı, K., & Perçinel, İ. (2014) · Klinik Psikofarmakoloji Bülteni-Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.5455/bcp.20140123033912 · Cited by 1
N-Acetylcysteine for the Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Fritzen, F., & Bloch, M. H. (2014) · Current Psychiatry Reviews · doi:10.2174/1573400510666140807005327 · Cited by 1
“In trichotillomania, the use of NAC was studied in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial of 50 adults [115].”
MethodAnaphylaxis and anaesthesia - can treating a cough kill?
Crilly, H., & Rose, M. (2014) · Australian Prescriber · doi:10.18773/austprescr.2014.032 · Cited by 1
Tricotilomanía y otras alopecias autoinducidas
Orgaz-Molina, J., & Arias-Santiago, S. (2012) · Piel · doi:10.1016/j.piel.2012.01.006 · Cited by 1
Complementary and Alternative Medicine and Dermatooncology
Zafar, F. S., & Lio, P. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-53437-0_12 · Cited by 1
Psychopharmacotherapy of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders
Hoffman, J., & Stein, D. J. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-56015-1_433-1
N-acetylcysteine in the treatment of substance use disorders
Evren, C. (2020) · Dusunen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences · doi:10.14744/dajpns.2019.00055 · Cited by 2
“On the other hand, an increasing number of clinical studies indicate the efficacy of NAC in various psychiatric conditions through mechanisms including glutamate modulation and other processes (11), such as substance use disorders (SUDs) (12), pathological gambling (13), obsessive-compulsive disorder (14) and other co…”
Lee, N., & Yosipovitch, G. (2019) · Alopecia · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-54825-0.00021-1 · Cited by 1
Moore, T. B. (2016) · VCU Scholars Compass (Virginia Commonwealth University) · doi:10.25772/p1z0-ja31 · Cited by 1
Morelli, J. (2011) · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-0755-7.00654-0 · Cited by 1
McGuire, J., Kugler, B. B., Park, J. M., Horng, B., Lewin, A., Murphy, T., & Storch, E. (2012) · Child Psychiatry and Human Development · doi:10.1007/s10578-012-0300-7
“The PITS has demonstrated sensitivity to treatment in pharmacotherapy trials [125].”
BackgroundTRICHOTILLOMANIA AND EXCORIATION DISORDER: COMPARATIVE EFFICACY OF HABIT REVERSAL TRAINING
Machaalani, R. M., Pires, P. P. G., Pastorello, E., Thome, A. K. D. U., França, G., Kensy, A. F., Cremonez, C. Z., de Azevedo, F. R. S., de Arruda, M. F. G. P., da Silva, P. B. G., et al. (2026) · Revista de Geopolítica · doi:10.56238/revgeov17n10-036
Metadata
- Authors
- Grant, J. E., Odlaug, B. L., & Won Kim, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Venue
- Archives of General Psychiatry
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2009-07-01
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 756
- ISSN
- 0003-990X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2038083244
- Cited by
- 424
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 28 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 29.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Hair Growth and Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Body Image and Dysmorphia Studies
- Keywords
- trichotillomania, N-acetylcysteine, glutamate modulation, glutamatergic agents, compulsive behavior, hair pulling, nucleus accumbens, pharmacotherapy, treatment efficacy, tolerability, depression, anxiety, psychosocial functioning
- MeSH terms
- Acetylcysteine, Adolescent, Adult, Double-Blind Method, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Personality Inventory, Psychometrics, Trichotillomania, Excitatory Amino Acid Agents, Young Adult
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