The DOI matches its Crossref record; 60 of the 60 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Antidepressant Monotherapy vs Sequential Pharmacotherapy and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy, or Placebo, for Relapse Prophylaxis in Recurrent Depression
Open accessAbstract
CONTEXT: Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) is a group-based psychosocial intervention designed to enhance self-management of prodromal symptoms associated with depressive relapse. OBJECTIVE: To compare rates of relapse in depressed patients in remission receiving MBCT against maintenance antidepressant pharmacotherapy, the current standard of care. DESIGN: Patients who met remission criteria after 8 months of algorithm-informed antidepressant treatment were randomized to receive maintenance antidepressant medication, MBCT, or placebo and were followed up for 18 months. SETTING: Outpatient clinics at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred sixty patients aged 18 to 65 years meeting DSM-IV criteria for major depressive disorder with a minimum of 2 past episodes. Of these, 84 achieved remission (52.5%) and were assigned to 1 of the 3 study conditions. INTERVENTIONS: Patients in remission discontinued their antidepressants and attended 8 weekly group sessions of MBCT, continued taking their therapeutic dose of antidepressant medication, or discontinued active medication and were switched to placebo. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Relapse was defined as a return, for at least 2 weeks, of symptoms sufficient to meet the criteria for major depression on module A of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV. RESULTS: Intention-to-treat analyses showed a significant interaction between the quality of acute-phase remission and subsequent prevention of relapse in randomized patients (P = .03). Among unstable remitters (1 or more Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression score >7 during remission), patients in both MBCT and maintenance treatment showed a 73% decrease in hazard compared with placebo (P = .03), whereas for stable remitters (all Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression scores ≤7 during remission) there were no group differences in survival. CONCLUSIONS: For depressed patients achieving stable or unstable clinical remission, MBCT offers protection against relapse/recurrence on a par with that of maintenance antidepressant pharmacotherapy. Our data also highlight the importance of maintaining at least 1 long-term active treatment in unstable remitters.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“For stable remitters (all HAM-D scores ≥ 7 during remission), there were no differences in relapse of absence of withdrawal symptoms measured a er antidepressants were tapered (relapse rates: 50% discontinuation group, 59% antidepressant group; HR not reported; P = 0.49).”
From Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long-term antidepressant use for depressive and anxiety disorders in adults (2021) · cites this paper as Segal 2010
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Among unstable remitters (one or more with HAM-D score ≥ 7 during remission), participants in the discontinuation group showed higher risk of relapse compared with those in the continuation group (relapse rates: discontinuation group 71%, 27% antidepressant; HR 4.16, 95% CI 1.12 to 14.3; P = 0.03).”
From Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long-term antidepressant use for depressive and anxiety disorders in adults (2021) · cites this paper as Segal 2010
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In the second study, 39 84 patients with recurrent depression who had remitted on antidepressants were randomly assigned to MBCT-TS, maintenance antidepressants, or pill placebo.Relapse or recurrence rates noted over 18 months of follow-up did not diff er for MBCT-TS (28%, n=5/18) and maintenance antidepressants (27%, n=3/11), but both were lower than with placebo (71%, n=10/14).39”
From Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy compared with maintenance antidepressant treatment in the prevention of depressive relapse or recurrence (PREVENT): a randomised controlled trial (2015) · cites this paper as [39]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Psychotherapy undertaken during a relapse prevention phase tends to focus on addressing any residual symptoms of depression, which have been shown to increase the chances of a relapse, on affect regulation and on self management skills needed to promote recovery (Segal 2010).”
From Interventions for preventing relapse and recurrence of a depressive disorder in children and adolescents (2012) · cites this paper as Segal 2010
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“and unstable remitters (28% for MBCT and discontinuation, 27% for continuation of antidepressant; HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.25 to 4.49; P = 0.93).”
From Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long-term antidepressant use for depressive and anxiety disorders in adults (2021) · cites this paper as Segal 2010
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“However, there was no difference between discontinuation with MBCT and continuation of antidepressants in stable remitters (62% for MBCT and discontinuation, 59% for continuation of antidepressant; P = 0.77)”
From Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long-term antidepressant use for depressive and anxiety disorders in adults (2021) · cites this paper as Segal 2010
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In addition, MBCT appears to be at least as effective as mADM (Kuyken et al., 2008;Kuyken et al., 2015;Segal et al., 2010).”
From Adding mindfulness-based cognitive therapy to maintenance antidepressant medication for prevention of relapse/recurrence in major depressive disorder: Randomised controlled trial (2015) · cites this paper as Segal et al., 2010
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Before this study, only two small studies 10,39 had compared MBCT-TS with maintenance antidepressants (panel).”
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“We pooled our trial data with the equivalent MBCT-TS and maintenance antidepressant medication groups of the previous two randomised controlled trials (n=123 10 and n=54 39 ), and used the equivalent 60-week follow-up point available across all three studies.The combined relative risk ratio of MBCT-TS versus maintenance antidepressants was 0•76 (95% CI 0•59-0•98), a risk reduction of 24%.There was”
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The relapse prevention effect was not significant in the other two studies [87, 89].”
From Psychological interventions to prevent relapse in anxiety and depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [89]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Fava et al. [87] and Fava et al. [88] both had a follow-up period of 29 months and Segal et al. [89] had a follow up of 18 months.”
From Psychological interventions to prevent relapse in anxiety and depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2022) · cites this paper as [89]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“However, one trial found it to be about as effective as long-term treatment with an antidepressant (Segal et al., 2010)”
From Prevention of Relapse and Recurrence in Adults with Major Depressive Disorder: Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of Controlled Trials (2016) · cites this paper as Segal et al., 2010
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“evidence has accrued to suggest that MBCT may only be efficacious or advantageous over other forms of aftercare for those patients with greater vulnerability, in the form of recurrent depression, 97,98 unstable remission, 99,100 or a history of childhood trauma 98”
From Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) 2016 Clinical Guidelines for the Management of Adults with Major Depressive Disorder (2016) · cites this paper as [99]
In the citing paper
“MBIs also evidence unevenness in preventing relapse of MDD (e.g., 3+ versus >3 lifetime episodes) [30]”
From All together now: utilizing common functional change principles to unify cognitive behavioral and mindfulness-based therapies (2019) · cites this paper as [30]
In the citing paper
“In all those studies that compared MBCT to antidepressant medication, no overall significant advantage to MBCT was demonstrated 12,[20][21][22]35 and no advantage was observed by adding MBCT to antidepressant medication.20”
From Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for prevention and time to depressive relapse: Systematic review and network meta-analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [12]
In the citing paper
“However, long-term follow-up studies also show that both MBCT and antidepressants can each confer enduring positive effects and thus MBCT may offer an alternative to medication in some cases.12,34,35”
From Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for prevention and time to depressive relapse: Systematic review and network meta-analysis (2021) · cites this paper as [12]
In the citing paper
“Studies comparing MBCT with mADM (Kuyken et al., 2008;Segal et al., 2010;Kuyken et al., 2015) did not show any differences between the effectiveness of MBCT and that of mADM either.”
From Adding mindfulness-based cognitive therapy to maintenance antidepressant medication for prevention of relapse/recurrence in major depressive disorder: Randomised controlled trial (2015) · cites this paper as Segal et al., 2010
In the citing paper
“but the relapse/recurrence rate in our medication only condition of 37% was substantially lower than that of comparable studies (Kuyken et al., 2008;Kuyken et al., 2015;Segal et al., 2010).”
From Adding mindfulness-based cognitive therapy to maintenance antidepressant medication for prevention of relapse/recurrence in major depressive disorder: Randomised controlled trial (2015) · cites this paper as Segal et al., 2010
In the citing paper
“The overall teacher competency in our study was lower than in previous studies (Kuyken et al., 2008;Kuyken et al., 2015;Segal et al., 2010)”
From Adding mindfulness-based cognitive therapy to maintenance antidepressant medication for prevention of relapse/recurrence in major depressive disorder: Randomised controlled trial (2015) · cites this paper as Segal et al., 2010
In the citing paper
“residual symptoms (Segal et al., 2010)”
From Adding mindfulness-based cognitive therapy to maintenance antidepressant medication for prevention of relapse/recurrence in major depressive disorder: Randomised controlled trial (2015) · cites this paper as Segal et al., 2010
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Hamilton, M. (1960) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56 · Cited by 32,817
Statistical methods for rates and proportions
Fleiss, J., Levin, B., & Paik, M. (1973) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2529186 · Cited by 21,632
Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions
Fleiss, J. L., Levin, B., & Paik, M. C. (2003) · Wiley Series in Probability and Statistics · doi:10.1002/0471445428 · Cited by 18,646
Cox, D. R., & Oakes, D. (2018) · Chapman & Hall/CRC eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781315137438 · Cited by 6,269
Breslow, N. E., Cox, D. R., & Oakes, D. (1985) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2530888 · Cited by 4,381
Rush, A. J., Trivedi, M. H., Ibrahim, H. M., Carmody, T. J., Arnow, B., Klein, D. N., Markowitz, J. C., Ninan, P. T., Kornstein, S., Manber, R., et al. (2003) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(02)01866-8 · Cited by 3,829
(2001) · Cited by 3,666
Self-citationPrevention of relapse/recurrence in major depression by mindfulness-based cognitive therapy.
Teasdale, J. D., Segal, Z. V., Williams, J. M. G., Ridgeway, V. A., Soulsby, J. M., & Lau, M. A. (2000) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.68.4.615 · Cited by 3,236
Self-citation(1997) · American Psychiatric Press eBooks · Cited by 3,056
Frank, E. (1991) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1991.01810330075011 · Cited by 1,959
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- [17]17. First, M.; Spitzer, R.; Gibbon, M.; Williams, J. Structured clinical interview for Axis I DSM IV disorders--Patient edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press Inc; 1994.
- [28]28. Farb N, Anderson A, Mayberg H, Bean J, McKeon D, Segal Z. Mindfulness training is associated with altered neural response to sad mood provocation. Emotion. In press.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 401–428 of 428
(2020) · Kultura - Media - Teologia · doi:10.21697/kmt.42
Depression: Third Wave Case Conceptualization
Zuo, Z., & Segal, Z. V. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-11677-3_17
Self-citationIdentifying Relapse Predictors in Individual Participant Data with Decision TreesPreprint
Böttcher, L., Breedvelt, J., Warren, F. C., Segal, Z. V., Kuyken, W., & Bockting, C. (2023) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/69ezt
Self-citationفعالية مكونات اليقظة العقلية فى التخفيف من الانتكاسة لدي مرضى الاكتئاب
محمود, س. ع. م. (2023) · Buḥūṯ fi Al-H̲idmaẗ Al-Iğtimāʿiyyaẗ Al-Tanmawiyyaẗ · doi:10.21608/baat.2023.219651.1061
Gary Petingola, M. (2015) · The Journal of Nephrology Social Work · doi:10.61658/jnsw.v39i1.44
Gary Petingola, M. (2015) · The Journal of Nephrology Social Work · doi:10.61658/jnsw.v38i2.28
Translation of Eastern Meditative Disciplines into Western Psychotherapy
Semple, R. J., & Hatt, S. P. (2024) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190905538.013.20
Stewart, T. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-60894-0_7
Alanazi, H. H. F., Alqarni, A. M. S., Alamri, A. A. H., Alqahtani, S. F. M., Al-Faridi, S. G., Altawyan, Y. S. S., Al-Harbi, Z. B. B. H., & Fnees, H. S. (2019) · International Journal of Health Sciences · doi:10.53730/ijhs.v3ns1.15382
Experiences Questionnaire (EQ)
Naragon‐Gainey, K., McMahon, T. P., Park, J., & Fresco, D. M. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-47219-0_42
Kendrick, T., Stuart, B. L., Bowers, H. M., Sadeghi, M. H., Hl, P., Dowrick, C. F., Moore, M. V., Gabbay, M., Leydon, G., Yao, G., et al. (2025) · Programme Grants for Applied Research · doi:10.3310/btbl3945
Risk Factors for Recurrent Major Depressive Disorder in a Nationally Representative Sample
DeFeo, G. C. (2014) · Digital Commons - University of South Florida (University of South Florida)
Böttcher, L., Breedvelt, J., Warren, F. C., Segal, Z. V., Kuyken, W., & Bockting, C. (2023) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.24558116
Self-citationValö, L., Rosansky, J. A., Parry, G., Comeau, A., Rice, F. K., Fulwiler, C., & Schuman‐Olivier, Z. (2025) · doi:10.2196/preprints.88388
Traité de régulation des émotions
André, C. (2012) · Carrefour des psychothérapies · doi:10.3917/dbu.mikol.2012.01.0527
Top 50 Cited Articles on the Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder
Albesher, A. A., Muflehi, N. A., Hakami, Y. A., Barnawi, J. A., Softah, R. E., Ghalib, L. H. A., Bukhari, M., Almotiri, R. A. M., Algethami, M. S., Mahboob, S. W., et al. (2026) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.107337
Lomas, C. (2026) · Counseling Outcome Research and Evaluation · doi:10.1080/21501378.2026.2654384
Sunzeri, E., & Sunzeri, F. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-14465-2_17
Schuman‐Olivier, Z., Valö, L., Rosansky, J. A., Parry, G. J., Comeau, A., Rice, F. K., & Fulwiler, C. (2026) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/88388
Asl, Z. H., Jaberghaderi, N., Rezaei, M., Rezavand, N., & Kamravamanesh, M. (2026) · Health Science Reports · doi:10.1002/hsr2.72608
Nandarathana, N., & Ranjan, J. K. (2026) · Mental Health Religion & Culture · doi:10.1080/13674676.2026.2691447
Régénération stratégique des grandes entreprises familiales marocaines
ARABAN, O., & Allah, H. H. (2026) · Projectics / Proyéctica / Projectique · doi:10.3917/proj.044.0067
Vraies et fausses innovations en psychiatrie
Dardennes, R. M., & Anbar, N. N. A. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-2-8178-0299-2_8
(2013) · Canadian Journal of Counselling and Psychotherapy · Cited by 7
Metadata
- Authors
- Segal, Z. V., Bieling, P., Young, T., MacQueen, G., Cooke, R., Martin, L., Bloch, R., & Levitan, R. D.
- Affiliations
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CA)
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Segal, Zindel V.
- Venue
- Archives of General Psychiatry
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2010-12-06
- Volume
- 67
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1256
- ISSN
- 0003-990X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3311113
- OpenAlex
- W2153222062
- Cited by
- 429
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 44 · 2015: 51 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 37 · 2012: 52
- FWCI
- 28.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH066992)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Treatment of Major Depression
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- recurrent depression, relapse prevention, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, antidepressant monotherapy, major depressive disorder, prodromal symptoms
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Antidepressive Agents, Attention, Combined Modality Therapy, Major Depressive Disorder, Drug Administration Schedule, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Ontario, Outpatients, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychotherapy, Group, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Treatment Outcome, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Secondary Prevention, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
