The DOI matches its Crossref record; 27 of the 27 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Effect of Vitamin E and Beta Carotene on the Incidence of Primary Nonfatal Myocardial Infarction and Fatal Coronary Heart Disease
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Oxidized low-density lipoprotein is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In epidemiological studies antioxidants have been inversely related with coronary heart disease. Findings from controlled trials are inconclusive. METHODS: We studied the primary preventive effect of vitamin E (alpha tocopherol) and beta carotene supplementation on major coronary events in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study, a controlled trial undertaken primarily to examine the effects of these agents on cancer. A total of 27 271 Finnish male smokers aged 50 to 69 years with no history of myocardial infarction were randomly assigned to receive vitamin E (50 mg), beta carotene (20 mg), both agents, or placebo daily for 5 to 8 years (median, 6.1 years). The end point was the first major coronary event, either nonfatal myocardial infarction (surviving at least 28 days; n = 1204) or fatal coronary heart disease (n = 907). RESULTS: The incidence of primary major coronary events decreased 4% (95% confidence interval, -12% to 4%) among recipients of vitamin E and increased 1% (95% confidence interval, -7% to 10%) among recipients of beta carotene compared with the respective nonrecipients. Neither agent affected the incidence of nonfatal myocardial infarction. Supplementation with vitamin E decreased the incidence of fatal coronary heart disease by 8% (95% confidence interval, -19% to 5%), but beta carotene had no effect on this end point. CONCLUSIONS: Supplementation with a small dose of vitamin E has only marginal effect on the incidence of fatal coronary heart disease in male smokers with no history of myocardial infarction, but no influence on nonfatal myocardial infarction. Supplementation with beta carotene has no primary preventive effect on major coronary events.
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Cites
Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease with Pravastatin in Men with Hypercholesterolemia
Shepherd, J., Cobbe, S. M., Ford, I., Isles, C. G., Lorimer, A. R., Macfarlane, P. W., McKillop, J. H., & Packard, C. J. (1995) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199511163332001 · Cited by 7,449
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Effects of a combination of beta carotene and vitamin A on lung cancer and cardiovascular disease
Omenn, G. S., Goodman, G. E., Thornquist, M. D., Balmes, J., Cullen, M. R., Glass, A., Keogh, J. P., Meyskens, F. L., Valanis, B., Williams, J. H., et al. (1996) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199605023341802 · Cited by 3,638
PREVENTION OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE WITH PRAVASTATIN IN MEN WITH HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA
Hepherd, J. A. S., Obbe, S. T. M. C., Ord, I. A. F., Sles, C. H. G. I., Orimer, A. R. O. L., Acfarlane, P. E. W. M., Illop, J. A. H. M. C. K., Ackard, C. H. J. P., & Roup, S. T. G. (1995) · Cited by 3,453
Hennekens, C. H., Buring, J. E., Manson, J. E., Stampfer, M., Rosner, B., Cook, N. R., Belanger, C., LaMotte, F., Gaziano, J. M., Ridker, P. M., et al. (1996) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199605023341801 · Cited by 2,397
Vitamin E Consumption and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Men
Rimm, E. B., Stampfer, M. J., Ascherio, A., Giovannucci, E., Colditz, G. A., & Willett, W. C. (1993) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199305203282004 · Cited by 2,347
Stephens, N. G., Parsons, A., Brown, M. J., Schofield, P. M., Kelly, F., Cheeseman, K., & Mitchinson, M. (1996) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(96)90866-1 · Cited by 2,148
Vitamin E Consumption and the Risk of Coronary Disease in Women
Stampfer, M. J., Hennekens, C. H., Manson, J. E., Colditz, G. A., Rosner, B., & Willett, W. C. (1993) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199305203282003 · Cited by 2,103
Atherosclerosis: Basic Mechanisms: Oxidation, Inflammation, and Genetics
Berliner, J. A., Navab, M., Fogelman, A. M., Frank, J. S., Demer, L. L., Edwards, P. A., Watson, A. D., & Lusis, A. J. (1995) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.91.9.2488 · Cited by 1,701
The oxidation hypothesis of atherosclerosis
Witztum, J. L. (1994) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(94)92346-9 · Cited by 1,389
Cited by
Vitamin E Supplementation and Cardiovascular Events in High-Risk Patients
(2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200001203420302 · Cited by 1,957
Mente, A., de Koning, L., Shannon, H. S., & Anand, S. S. (2009) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2009.38 · Cited by 1,267
Lee, I.-M., Cook, N. R., Gaziano, J. M., Gordon, D., Ridker, P. M., Manson, J. E., Hennekens, C. H., & Buring, J. E. (2005) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.294.1.56 · Cited by 1,137
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in heart disease
Peoples, J. N., Saraf, A., Ghazal, N., Pham, T. T., & Kwong, J. Q. (2019) · Experimental & Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1038/s12276-019-0355-7 · Cited by 950
Sesso, H. D. (2008) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2008.600 · Cited by 913
Metadata
- Authors
- Virtamo, J., Rapola, J. M., Ripatti, S., Heinonen, O. P., Taylor, P. R., Albanes, D., & Huttunen, J. K.
- Venue
- Archives of Internal Medicine
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 1998-03-23
- Volume
- 158
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 668
- ISSN
- 0003-9926 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1974439291
- Cited by
- 279
- References
- 27
- FWCI
- 12.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Effect of Vitamin E and Beta Carotene on the Incidence of Primary Nonfatal Myocardial Infarction and Fatal Coronary Heart Disease. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1001/archinte.158.6.668
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- Virtamo, J., Rapola, J. M., Ripatti, S., Heinonen, O. P., Taylor, P. R., Albanes, D., & Huttunen, J. K. (1998). Effect of Vitamin E and Beta Carotene on the Incidence of Primary Nonfatal Myocardial Infarction and Fatal Coronary Heart Disease. Archives of Internal Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.158.6.668
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
