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Cited by 1,172Heart Failure Treatment and ManagementCardiovascular Health and Risk FactorsCardiovascular Function and Risk Factors

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 24 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Risk Factors for Congestive Heart Failure in US Men and Women: NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study

He, Jiang, Ogden, Lorraine G., Bazzano, Lydia A., Vupputuri, Suma, Loria, Catherine, Whelton, Paul K.·2001·Archives of Internal Medicine
DOI 10.1001/archinte.161.7.996
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The incidence of congestive heart failure (CHF) has been increasing steadily in the United States during the past 2 decades. We studied risk factors for CHF and their corresponding attributable risk in the First National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Epidemiologic Follow-up Study. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: A total of 13 643 men and women without a history of CHF at baseline examination were included in this prospective cohort study. Risk factors were measured using standard methods between 1971 and 1975. Incidence of CHF was assessed using medical records and death certificates obtained between 1982 and 1984 and in 1986, 1987, and 1992. RESULTS: During average follow-up of 19 years, 1382 CHF cases were documented. Incidence of CHF was positively and significantly associated with male sex (relative risk [RR], 1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10-1.39; P<.001; population attributable risk [PAR], 8.9%), less than a high school education (RR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.04-1.42; P =.01; PAR, 8.9%), low physical activity (RR, 1.23; 95% CI, 1.09-1.38; P<.001; PAR, 9.2%), cigarette smoking (RR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.39-1.83; P<.001; PAR, 17.1%), overweight (RR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.12-1.52; P =.001; PAR, 8.0%), hypertension (RR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.24-1.59; P<.001; PAR, 10.1%), diabetes (RR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.51-2.28; P<.001; PAR, 3.1%), valvular heart disease (RR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.17-1.82; P =.001; PAR, 2.2%), and coronary heart disease (RR, 8.11; 95% CI, 6.95-9.46; P<.001; PAR, 61.6%). CONCLUSIONS: Male sex, less education, physical inactivity, cigarette smoking, overweight, diabetes, hypertension, valvular heart disease, and coronary heart disease are all independent risk factors for CHF. More than 60% of the CHF that occurs in the US general population might be attributable to coronary heart disease.

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Crossref · 10.1001/archinte.161.7.996

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Metadata

Authors
He, J., Ogden, L. G., Bazzano, L. A., Vupputuri, S., Loria, C., & Whelton, P. K.
Affiliations
Tulane University (US)
Corresponding author
He, Jiang
ORCID
Venue
Archives of Internal Medicine
Publisher
American Medical Association (AMA)
Published
2001-04-09
Volume
161
Issue
7
Pages
996
ISSN
0003-9926 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1001/archinte.161.7.996
OpenAlex
W2025266397
Cited by
1,172
References
24
Citations by year
2026: 14 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 38 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 51 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 60 · 2018: 61 · 2017: 56 · 2016: 55 · 2015: 61 · 2014: 67 · 2013: 63 · 2012: 66
FWCI
17.77
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Archives of Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (5r03hl061954-02, 5r01hl060300-05)
  • National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R03 HL-61954, R01HL60300)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Failure Treatment and Management
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
Keywords
congestive heart failure, risk factors, attributable risk, incidence, sex differences, educational attainment, physical inactivity, cigarette smoking, overweight, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, valvular heart disease, coronary artery disease, coronary revascularization, coronary angioplasty, coronary artery bypass grafting, coronary angiography
MeSH terms
Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Coronary Disease, Death Certificates, Educational Status, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Heart Failure, Heart Valve Diseases, Humans, Hypertension, Male, Middle Aged, Nutrition Surveys, Obesity, Risk Factors, Smoking, United States, Exercise, Incidence, Proportional Hazards Models, Sex Distribution, Diabetes Complications

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