Urinary Incontinence in US Women: A Population-Based Study

Melville, Jennifer L.

doi:10.1001/archinte.165.5.537

Cited by 482Pelvic floor disorders treatmentsUrinary Bladder and Prostate ResearchUrinary Tract Infections Management

Urinary Incontinence in US Women: A Population-Based Study

Melville, Jennifer L.·2005·Archives of Internal Medicine

DOI 10.1001/archinte.165.5.537

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common disorder that is increasingly important as our population ages. Less is known about UI in younger women, and few large surveys have been able to determine risk factors by linking their data to patients' medical findings. METHODS: We conducted a population-based, age-stratified postal survey of 6000 women aged between 30 and 90 years who were enrolled in a large health maintenance organization in Washington State. RESULTS: The response rate was 64% (n = 3536) after exclusion criteria were applied. The population-based prevalence of UI was 45%. Prevalence increased with age, from 28% for 30- to 39-year-old women to 55% for 80- to 90-year-old women. Eighteen percent of respondents reported severe UI. The prevalence of severe UI also increased notably with age, from 8% for 30- to 39-year-old women to 33% for 80- to 90-year-old women. Older age, higher body mass index (BMI, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters), greater medical comorbidity, current major depression, a history of hysterectomy, and parity increased the odds of having UI. Not being white and having had only cesarean deliveries decreased the odds of having UI. Major depression (odds ratio, 2.48; 95% confidence interval, 1.65-3.72) and obesity, defined as having a BMI of 30 or greater (odds ratio, 2.39; 95% confidence interval, 1.99-2.87), had the strongest association with UI. Among women with UI, age, BMI, medical comorbidity, current major depression, diabetes, a history of hysterectomy, and having had only cesarean deliveries were significantly associated with severe UI. CONCLUSIONS: Urinary incontinence is highly prevalent in women across their adult life span, and its severity increases linearly with age. Age, BMI, race, medical comorbidity, current major depression, a history of hysterectomy, parity, and having only had cesarean deliveries are each independent factors significantly associated with the likelihood of having UI.

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Prior studies disagree on which specific comorbidities are linked to UI, but a greater number of comorbidities is associated with worsening incontinence.
“These studies show that while there is lack of consistency across studies as to which specific co-morbidities are associated with urinary incontinence, increasing number of co-morbidities is associated with worsening incontinence.”
From Urinary incontinence and disability in community-dwelling women: A cross-sectional study: Urinary Incontinence and Disability in Ambulatory Women (2015) · cites this paper as [16]

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Authors: Melville, J. L.
Affiliations: University of Washington (US)
Corresponding author: Melville, Jennifer L.
Venue: Archives of Internal Medicine
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 2005-03-14
Volume: 165
Issue: 5
Pages: 537
ISSN: 0003-9926 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1001/archinte.165.5.537
OpenAlex: W2124448307
Cited by: 482
References: 37
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 32
FWCI: 18.12
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Archives of Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5k23mh070704-05)
National Institute of Mental Health (K23 MH 070704-01)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (K12 HD 91264-02)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Pelvic floor disorders treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Urinary Bladder and Prostate Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Urinary Tract Infections Management
Keywords: urinary incontinence, prevalence, risk factors, age, body mass index, obesity, major depressive disorder, comorbidities, hysterectomy, parity, cesarean section, race, women's health
MeSH terms: Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Quality of Life, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, United States, Urinary Incontinence, Comorbidity, Body Mass Index, Prevalence, Logistic Models, Odds Ratio, Age Distribution

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Urinary Incontinence in US Women: A Population-Based Study

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