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Transitions Between Frailty States Among Community-Living Older Persons
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Little is known about the natural course of frailty. We performed a prospective study to determine the transition rates between frailty states and to evaluate the effect of the preceding frailty state on subsequent frailty transitions. METHODS: We studied 754 community-living persons, aged 70 years or older, who were nondisabled in 4 essential activities of daily living. Frailty, assessed every 18 months for 54 months, was defined on the basis of weight loss, exhaustion, low physical activity, muscle weakness, and slow walking speed. Participants were classified as frail if they met 3 or more of these criteria, as prefrail if they met 1 or 2 of the criteria, and as nonfrail if they met none of the criteria. RESULTS: Of the 754 participants, 434 (57.6%) had at least 1 transition between any 2 of the 3 frailty states during 54 months. The rates were 36.8%, 21.5%, and 9.2% for 1, 2, and 3 transitions, respectively. During the 18-month intervals, transitions to states of greater frailty were more common (rates up to 43.3%) than transitions to states of lesser frailty (rates up to 23.0%), and the probability of transitioning from being frail to nonfrail was very low (rates, 0%-0.9%), even during an extended period. The likelihood of transitioning between frailty states was highly dependent on one's preceding frailty state. CONCLUSIONS: Frailty among older persons is a dynamic process, characterized by frequent transitions between frailty states over time. Our findings suggest ample opportunity for the prevention and remediation of frailty.
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“and moderate/severe frailty (RR 2.60, 95% CI 1.36-4.96) (95).”
From Frailty in elderly people (2013) · cites this paper as [95]
In the citing paper
“Risk of admission to long-term care is also increased in those with mild frailty (adjusted risk ratio (RR) 2.54, 95% CI 1.67-3.86)”
From Frailty in elderly people (2013) · cites this paper as [95]
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“The Yale Precipitating Events Project (PEP) is a cohort study based in New Haven CT that enrolled individuals aged 70 years or older.”
From A standard procedure for creating a frailty index (2008) · cites this paper as [15]
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Prevention of Functional Decline by Reframing the Role of Nursing Homes?
de Mazières, C. L., Morley, J. E., Levy, C. R., Agenès, F., Barbagallo, M., Cesari, M., Barreto, P. D. S., Donini, L. M., Fitten, J., Franco, A., et al. (2017) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2016.11.019 · Cited by 47
“The early stage of disability is occasionally reversible, and screening for frailty is conducive to preventive interventions (47).”
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Frailty: A Vital Sign for Older Adults With Cardiovascular Disease
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“non-fail, pre-frail, frail) (11), research efforts have been dedicated to study patterns and determinants of those transitions, highlighting that they are dynamic over time (12).”
BackgroundGarcía‐Peña, C., Ávila‐Funes, J. A., Dent, E., Gutiérrez‐Robledo, L. M., & Pérez‐Zepeda, M. U. (2016) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2016.03.016 · Cited by 47
“A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript A uthor M anuscript previously not frail, a phenomenon previously described, in which the vulnerability to stressors holds also to the transition between frailty statuses (Gill et al., 2006).”
BackgroundInzitari, M., Pérez, L. M., Enfedaque, M. B., Soto, L., Díaz, F., Gual, N., Martín, E., Orfila, F., Mulero, P., Ruiz, R., et al. (2018) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2018.07.022 · Cited by 49
Recognising older frail patients near the end of life: What next?
Cardona, M., Lewis, E., Suman, S., Haywood, C. J., Williams, M., Brousseau, A.-A., Greenaway, S., Hillman, K., & Dent, E. (2017) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2017.09.026 · Cited by 48
Risk Factors and Precipitants of Severe Disability Among Community-Living Older Persons
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Klinische Bedeutung der Erfassung von Frailty
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Schoufour, J. D., Erler, N. S., Jaspers, L., Jong, J. C. K., Voortman, T., Ziere, G. J., Lindemans, J. W., Klaver, C. C. W., Tiemeier, H. W., Stricker, B. H. C., et al. (2016) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.12.002 · Cited by 43
Frailty in inflammatory bowel diseases: an emerging concept
Kochar, B. D., Orkaby, A. R., Ananthakrishnan, A. N., & Ritchie, C. S. (2021) · Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology · doi:10.1177/17562848211025474 · Cited by 45
Mendonça, N., Kingston, A., Yadegarfar, M. E., Hanson, H., Duncan, R. C., Jagger, C., & Robinson, L. A. (2020) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afaa054 · Cited by 44
“with previous research is difficult because other studies measuring frailty at four or more time points have only included younger old populations [11, 16, 22], who theoretically may be healthier.”
ResultApolipoprotein E‐polymorphism, frailty and mortality in older adults
Rockwood, K. J., Nassar, B. A., & Mitnitski, A. (2008) · Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00270.x · Cited by 44
“As detailed in those reports – and as is the case here – operationalization of the Frailty-CHS definition used variables close to those employed in other phenotypic definition studies [24, 25].”
MethodReporting Peak Expiratory Flow in Older Persons
Fragoso, C. A. V., Gahbauer, E. A., Ness, P. H. V., & Gill, T. M. (2007) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/62.10.1147 · Cited by 44
“Chronic lung disease was present if the participant answered ‘‘Yes’’ to ‘‘Has a doctor ever told you that you have chronic lung disease such as chronic bronchitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, or emphysema?’’ Frailty was operationalized based on three or more of the following indicators (16)—s…”
Self-citationDoi, T., Makizako, H., Tsutsumimoto, K., Nakakubo, S., Kim, M., Kurita, S., Hotta, R., & Shimada, H. (2018) · Geriatrics and gerontology international/Geriatrics & gerontology international · doi:10.1111/ggi.13525 · Cited by 44
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“Data were collected on demographic characteristics and nine self-reported chronic conditions diagnosed by a physician (hypertension, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, stroke, diabetes, arthritis, hip fracture, chronic lung disease, cancer), cognition (Folstein MiniMental State Examination), and frailty.…”
BackgroundSelf-citationFougère, B., Daumas, M., Lilamand, M., Sourdet, S., Delrieu, J., Vellas, B. J., & van Kan, G. A. (2017) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2017.06.024 · Cited by 45
RetractedPhysical frailty in older men: prospective associations with diet quality and patterns
Parsons, T. J., Papachristou, E., Atkins, J. L., Papacosta, O., Ash, S., LENNON, L. T., Whincup, P. H., Ramsay, S. E., & Wannamethee, S. G. (2019) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afy216 · Cited by 44
“Older adults transition frequently between frailty states over time [7] and physical frailty has the potential to be treated or prevented, improving quality of life and reducing healthcare costs [8].”
BackgroundThe role of physical exercise and rehabilitation in delirium
Gual, N., García‐Salmones, M., Brítez, L., Crespo, N., Udina, C., Pérez, L. M., & Inzitari, M. (2020) · European Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1007/s41999-020-00290-6 · Cited by 44
Erekson, E. A., Fried, T. R., Martin, D. K., Rutherford, T. J., Strohbehn, K., & Bynum, J. P. W. (2015) · International Urogynecology Journal · doi:10.1007/s00192-014-2596-2 · Cited by 44
“Wemeasured frailty in 17% of community-dwelling women ≥65 years old seeking treatment which is similar to the prevalence of frailty measured in community-dwelling older adults of between 7 and 25% [1, 24].”
BackgroundDigital health technology for Indigenous older adults: A scoping review
Choukou, M.-A., Maddahi, A., Polyvyana, A., & Monnin, C. (2021) · International Journal of Medical Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2021.104408 · Cited by 50
Surrogate screening models for the low physical activity criterion of frailty
Eckel, S. P., Bandeen‐Roche, K., Chaves, P. H. M., Fried, L. P., & Louis, T. A. (2011) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/bf03324962 · Cited by 42
Wang, C., Song, X., Mitnitski, A., Fang, X., Tang, Z., Yu, P., & Rockwood, K. J. (2014) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.12792 · Cited by 42
Bilotta, C., Bergamaschini, L. C., Nicolini, P., Casè, A., Pina, G., Rossi, S. V., & Vergani, C. (2011) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2011.609534 · Cited by 45
“Frailty is not an irreversible process since it has been shown that transitions between frailty states in one case out of three occur from states of greater frailty to states of lesser frailty (Gill, Gahbauer, Allore, & Han, 2006 ; Xue, 2011 ).”
BackgroundHealth Promotion Can Postpone Frailty: Results from the RCT Elderly Persons in the Risk Zone
Behm, L., Eklund, K., Wilhelmson, K., Zidén, L., Gustafsson, S., Falk, K., & Dahlin‐Ivanoff, S. (2015) · Public Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/phn.12240 · Cited by 42
Lee, D. R., Kawas, C. H., Gibbs, L., & Corrada, M. M. (2016) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.14317 · Cited by 42
“Future studies in individuals aged 90 and older should evaluate frailty in relation to cognitive impairment, because it has been shown to be an important factor associated with frailty,(11) and should evaluate the prefrail group, because most interventions focus on preventing transitions between prefrailty and frailty…”
BackgroundCalado, L. B., Ferriolli, E., Moriguti, J. C., Martínez, E. Z., & Lima, N. K. D. C. (2016) · Sao Paulo Medical Journal · doi:10.1590/1516-3180.2016.0078180516 · Cited by 42
Caldwell, J. T., Lee, H., & Cagney, K. A. (2017) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbx123 · Cited by 42
A Community Program of Integrated Care for Frail Older Adults: +AGIL Barcelona
Pérez, L. M., Enfedaque, M. B., Cesari, M., Soto-Bagaria, L., Gual, N., Burbano, M. P., Tarazona‐Santabalbina, F. J., Casas, R. M., Díaz, F., Martín, E., et al. (2019) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-019-1244-4 · Cited by 42
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Gagesch, M., Wieczorek, M., Vellas, B. J., Kressig, R. W., Rizzoli, R., Kanis, J., Willett, W. C., Egli, A., Lang, W., Orav, E. J., et al. (2022) · The Journal of Frailty & Aging · doi:10.14283/jfa.2022.48 · Cited by 46
“Of note, frailty is a dynamic process and is potentially reversible if detected early (4, 5).”
BackgroundFrailty and Sexual Health in Older European Men
Lee, D. M., Tajar, A., Ravindrarajah, R., Pye, S. R., O'Connor, D. B., Corona, G., O’Connell, M. D. L., Gielen, E., Boonen, S., Vanderschueren, D., et al. (2012) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/gls217 · Cited by 42
“Recent data suggest that the development of frailty is a dynamic, potentially reversible process (15,16,33).”
BackgroundPredicting 3‐Year Survival in Older People with Intellectual Disabilities Using a Frailty Index
Schoufour, J. D., Mitnitski, A., Rockwood, K. J., Evenhuis, H. M., & Echteld, M. A. (2015) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.13239 · Cited by 41
Romero‐Ortuño, R. (2011) · European Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.eurger.2011.08.005 · Cited by 41
Axmon, A., Sandberg, M., Ahlström, G., & Midlöv, P. (2017) · BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1186/s40360-017-0174-1 · Cited by 41
“greater disease burden [2], and increasing prevalence of frailty [3, 4], chronic pain [5], and concomitant morbidities [6].”
BackgroundTamulevičiūtė-Prascienė, E., Drulytė, K., Jurenaite, G., Kubilius, R., & Bjarnason-Wehrens, B. (2018) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2018/9849475 · Cited by 42
Kurpas, D., Gwyther, H., Szwamel, K., Shaw, R. L., D’Avanzo, B., Holland, C., & Bujnowska–Fedak, M. M. (2018) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-018-0960-7 · Cited by 41
“by frequent transitional stages, which can be modified [19, 20].”
BackgroundNeighborhood Characteristics and Frailty: A Scoping Review
Fritz, H., Cutchin, M. P., Gharib, J., Haryadi, N., Patel, M., & Patel, N. (2019) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gnz072 · Cited by 41
Haimi, M., & Sergienko, R. (2024) · JMIR Aging · doi:10.2196/52317 · Cited by 40
“Older people may also have changes in their eyesight, hearing, and dexterity in addition to the symptoms of chronic illnesses, which could make it difficult for them to use different telehealth devices [17,18].”
BackgroundLong-Term Exercise in Older Adults: 4-Year Outcomes of Music-Based Multitask Training
Hars, M., Herrmann, F. R., Fielding, R. A., Reid, K. F., Rizzoli, R., & Trombetti, A. (2014) · Calcified Tissue International · doi:10.1007/s00223-014-9907-y · Cited by 40
“Although transitions to a more severe frailty state at 4 years were more common than transitions to better state in both groups—the natural evolution of frailty [38, 39]—prefrail long-term intervention participants were more likely to become robust than controls.”
Partially Ordered Mixed Hidden Markov Model for the Disablement Process of Older Adults
Ip, E. H., Zhang, Q., Rejeski, W. J., Harris, T., & Kritchevsky, S. B. (2013) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.2013.770307 · Cited by 40
“Unfortunately, this approach ignores the fact that disability is a dynamic condition of the person—that is, a bidirectional state rather than a trait—that is inherently multidimensional—for example, Gill and Kurland (2003), Hardy and Gill (2004), Gill et al. (2006), and Rejeski et al. (2008b).”
BackgroundFRAILTY AND PRE-FRAILTY IN A CONTEMPORARY COHORT OF HIV-INFECTED ADULTS
Önen, N., Patel, P., Baker, J. V., Conley, L. J., Brooks, J. T., Bush, T. J., Henry, K., Hammer, J., Kojic, E. M., & Overton, E. T. (2014) · The Journal of Frailty & Aging · doi:10.14283/jfa.2014.18 · Cited by 41
“08 Current depression score†, n=306 3 (0-5) 6 (2-11) 8 (4-10) <0.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialDietary patterns and changes in frailty status: the Rotterdam study
de Haas, S. C. M., de Jonge, E. A. L., Voortman, T., Graaff, J. S., Franco, O. H., Ikram, M. A., Rivadeneira, F., Jong, J. C. K., & Schoufour, J. D. (2017) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-017-1509-9 · Cited by 40
“Prevention of frailty is important because it is difficult to recover from a frail state to a non-frail state [8].”
BackgroundMargioti, E. S., Kosmidis, M. H., Yannakoulia, M., Dardiotis, E., Hadjigeorgiou, G. M., Sakka, P., Ntanasi, E., Vlachos, G. S., & Scarmeas, N. (2019) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2018.1525604 · Cited by 39
Matsunaga, K., Harada, M., Suizu, J., Oishi, K., Asami‐Noyama, M., & Hirano, T. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm9103078 · Cited by 41
“Of importance, frailty could be reversible because it is a dynamic process with frequent transitions between frailty status over time [160].”
BackgroundLi, C.-M., Lin, C., Li, C., Liu, C.-S., Lin, W., Lin, C., & Lin, C. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-10688-x · Cited by 40
“Another possible explanation is the improvement of these older adults might not sustain, because the frailty status is a dynamic stage with frequent transitions over time [47].”
BackgroundA Multistate Model of Cognitive Dynamics in Relation to Frailty in Older Adults
Mitnitski, A., Fallah, N., & Rockwood, K. J. (2011) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2011.01.006 · Cited by 40
“, mobility (39), weight (40), and frailty states (41)].”
BackgroundSchoufour, J. D., Echteld, M. A., Bastiaanse, L. P., & Evenhuis, H. M. (2015) · Research in Developmental Disabilities · doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2014.12.001 · Cited by 39
Lette, M., Baan, C. A., van den Berg, M., & de Bruin, S. R. (2015) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-015-0131-z · Cited by 39
“It is believed that early detection of risks and early intervention can delay or even reduce frailty and disability [10–13].”
Dynamical network model for age-related health deficits and mortality
Taneja, S., Mitnitski, A., Rockwood, K. J., & Rutenberg, A. D. (2016) · Physical review. E · doi:10.1103/physreve.93.022309 · Cited by 40
Cossec, C. L., Perrine, A.-L., Beltzer, N., Fuhrman, C., & Carcaillon‐Bentata, L. (2016) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-016-0802-2 · Cited by 39
“Some evidence suggest an association of pre-frailty with mortality (21) and with the risk of developing frailty (22, 23).”
Chen, Y., Chen, H.-L., Lu, C., Chen, M., Chou, K., Tsai, N., Yu, C.-C., Chiang, P., & Lin, W. (2018) · European Radiology · doi:10.1007/s00330-018-5855-7 · Cited by 38
Factors associated with changes of the frailty status after age 70: Findings in the MAPT study
Herr, M., Cesari, M., Landré, B., Ankri, J., Vellas, B. J., & Andrieu, S. (2019) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2019.03.008 · Cited by 39
Longitudinal changes of frailty in 8 years: comparisons between physical frailty and frailty index
Hwang, A., Lee, W., Huang, N., Chen, L.-Y., Peng, L., Lin, M., Chou, Y., & Chen, L. (2021) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-021-02665-1 · Cited by 39
“Even without programmed intervention, frailty is a dynamic state [15].”
BackgroundYuan, Y., Lapane, K. L., Tjia, J., Baek, J., Liu, S., & Ulbricht, C. M. (2022) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-022-03012-8 · Cited by 39
Factors associated with frailty transition at different follow-up intervals: A scoping review
Ho, L. Y. W., Cheung, D. S. K., Kwan, R. Y. C., Wong, A. S. W., & Lai, C. K. Y. (2020) · Geriatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2020.10.005 · Cited by 38
Maddocks, M. M., Brighton, L. J., Alison, J. A., ter Beek, L., Bhatt, S. P., Brummel, N. E., Burtin, C., Cesari, M., Evans, R. A., Ferrante, L. E., et al. (2023) · Annals of the American Thoracic Society · doi:10.1513/annalsats.202302-129st · Cited by 40
Eidam, A., Durga, J., Bauer, J. M., Zimmermann, S., Vey, J. A., Rapp, K., Schwenk, M., Cesari, M., & Benzinger, P. (2024) · European Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1007/s41999-024-01013-x · Cited by 38
“In an observational study of community-dwelling adults aged ≥ 70 years, more than 50 percent experienced a worsening or an improvement of their frailty status over a period of 4.5 years [7].”
InfluentialeFurniture for home-based frailty detection using artificial neural networks and wireless sensors
Chang, Y.-C., Lin, C., Lin, P.-H., Chen, C.-C., Lee, R.-G., Huang, J.-S., & Tsai, T.-H. (2011) · Medical Engineering & Physics · doi:10.1016/j.medengphy.2011.09.010 · Cited by 38
Development of the interRAI home care frailty scale
Morris, J. N., Howard, E., & Steel, K. (2016) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-016-0364-5 · Cited by 38
“Prior work has demonstrated that frailty, at earlier stages, may be reversible [42, 43].”
BackgroundFrailty measurement in research and clinical practice: An updated review
Dent, E., Hanlon, P., Kowal, P. R., & Hoogendijk, E. O. (2025) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2025.106595 · Cited by 42
Vulnerable Elderly Patients and Overactive Bladder Syndrome
Kraus, S. R., Bavendam, T. G., Brake, T., & Griebling, T. L. (2010) · Drugs & Aging · doi:10.2165/11539020-000000000-00000 · Cited by 37
Buurman, B. M., Han, L., Murphy, T. E., Gahbauer, E. A., Leo-Summers, L. S., Allore, H. G., & Gill, T. M. (2015) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2015.10.010 · Cited by 38
“, walk 10 feet forward and 10 feet back) (22).”
BackgroundSelf-citationPredictors of transitions in frailty severity and mortality among people aging with HIV
Brothers, T. D., Kirkland, S., Theou, O., Zona, S., Malagoli, A., Wallace, L. M. K., Stentarelli, C., Mussini, C., Falutz, J., Guaraldi, G., et al. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0185352 · Cited by 38
Castrejón‐Pérez, R. C., Aguilar-Salinas, C. A., Gutiérrez‐Robledo, L. M., Cesari, M., & Pérez‐Zepeda, M. U. (2017) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-017-0852-2 · Cited by 37
Archibald, M. M., Lawless, M., Ambagtsheer, R. C., & Kitson, A. A. (2020) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afaa187 · Cited by 37
“personal inadequacy) towards the clinical and emphasising frailty as a dynamic state [26].”
BackgroundA Mediterranean Lifestyle and Frailty Incidence in Older Adults: The Seniors-ENRICA-1 Cohort
Maroto-Rodríguez, J., Delgado-Velandía, M., Ortolá, R., García‐Esquinas, E., Martínez‐Gómez, D., Struijk, E. A., López‐García, E., Rodríguez‐Artalejo, F., & Sotos‐Prieto, M. (2021) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glab292 · Cited by 37
A comparison of the relationship of 14 performance-based measures with frailty in older women
Theou, O., Jones, G. R., Jakobi, J. M., Mitnitski, A., & Vandervoort, A. A. (2011) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/h11-116 · Cited by 38
Paterson, D. H., Jones, G. R., & Rice, C. L. (2007) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/h07-165 · Cited by 44
Dapp, U., Vinyard, D., Golgert, S., Krumpoch, S., & Freiberger, E. (2022) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-022-03373-0 · Cited by 36
“Moreover, despite different methodologies to assess frailty as described in literature, the process of transitioning between states has been shown to be a dynamic process [67, 68].”
MethodOxidative stress, genomic features and DNA repair in frail elderly: A systematic review
Sánchez-Flores, M., Marcos-Pérez, D., Costa, S., Teixeira, J. P., Bonassi, S., Pásaro, E., Laffón, B., & Valdiglesias, V. (2017) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2017.05.001 · Cited by 36
“…frail people as early as possible is socially and economically crucial since evidence from different studies suggests that frailty status, particularly at its very earliest stages, might present characteristics of reversibility (Espinoza et al., 2012; Gill et al., 2006; Roland et al., 2014).”
BackgroundWhat is the duration of life expectancy in the state of frailty? Estimates in the SIPAF study
Herr, M., Arvieu, J., Ankri, J., & Robine, J. (2017) · European Journal of Ageing · doi:10.1007/s10433-017-0438-z · Cited by 36
Frost, R., Kharicha, K., Jovicić, A., Liljas, A. E. M., Iliffe, S., Manthorpe, J., Gardner, B., Avgerinou, C., Goodman, C. M., Drennan, V. M., et al. (2017) · Health & Social Care in the Community · doi:10.1111/hsc.12526 · Cited by 35
Association Between Vitamin D, Frailty, and Progression of Frailty in Community-Dwelling Older Women
Buchebner, D., Bartosch, P., Malmgren, L., McGuigan, F. E., Gerdhem, P., & Åkesson, K. (2019) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2019-00573 · Cited by 34
Tuuliainen, E., Nihtilä, A., Komulainen, K., Nykänen, I., Hartikainen, S. A., Tiihonen, M., & Suominen, A. L. (2019) · Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences · doi:10.1111/scs.12801 · Cited by 35
Idiosyncratic Drug-Induced Neutropenia and Agranulocytosis in Elderly Patients
Lorenzo-Villalba, N., Ortiz, M. B. A., Maouche, Y., Zulfiqar, A., & Andrès, E. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm9061808 · Cited by 37
“Frailty is not a spontaneously resolving process, but could be reversible if recognized early enough and targeted intervention is conducted [75].”
BackgroundFrailty and Survival After In-Hospital Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Hu, F. Y., Streiter, S., O’Mara, L., Sison, S. D. M., Theou, O., Bernacki, R., & Orkaby, A. R. (2022) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-021-07199-1 · Cited by 35
Lo, D. C., Chiu, E., & Jassal, S. V. (2008) · American Journal of Kidney Diseases · doi:10.1053/j.ajkd.2008.04.010 · Cited by 35
“Gill et al have shown that disabilty may be transient and resolve after disharge.(11,15,17) However, they also showed that epeated transient episodes of disability were ssociated with permanent disability and inreased need for admission to long-term care nstitutions.”
BackgroundGutiérrez‐Valencia, M., Izquierdo, M., Fabo, E. L., Marín‐Epelde, I., Ramón-Espinoza, M. F., Domene-Domene, T., Herrero, Á. C., Galbete, A., & Martínez‐Velilla, N. (2018) · European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00228-018-2452-2 · Cited by 35
“interventions or to applying concepts such as time to benefit of medications, although the potential reversibility of frailty should be taken into account [45].”
BackgroundGeriatric Hemodialysis Rehabilitation Care
Jassal, S. V., Chiu, E., & Li, M. M. (2008) · Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease · doi:10.1053/j.ackd.2008.01.008 · Cited by 34
Kuzuya, M. (2012) · PubMed Central · doi:10.18999/nagjms.74.1-2.31 · Cited by 34
Gait Variability Detects Women in Early Postmenopause With Low Bone Mineral Density
Palombaro, K. M., Hack, L. M., Mangione, K. K., Barr, A. E., Newton, R. A., Magri, F., & Speziale, T. (2009) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.2522/ptj.20080401 · Cited by 35
Liotta, G., Gilardi, F., Orlando, S., Rocco, G., Proietti, M. G., Asta, F., Sario, M. D., Michelozzi, P., Mancinelli, S., Palombi, L., et al. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0217829 · Cited by 34
Success of Simpler Modified Fried Frailty Scale to Predict Mortality among Nursing Home Residents
Bahat, G., İlhan, B., Tufan, A., Dogan, H., & Karan, M. A. (2021) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-020-1582-2 · Cited by 34
Ressourcen und Risiken im Alter
Dapp, U., Anders, J., Golgert, S., Renteln-Kruse, W. V., & Minder, C. E. (2012) · Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie · doi:10.1007/s00391-012-0311-9 · Cited by 34
Nutritional and Frailty State Transitions in the Singapore Longitudinal Aging Study
Wei, K., Thein, F. S., Nyunt, M. S. Z., Gao, Q., Wee, S. L., & Ng, T. P. (2018) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-018-1096-3 · Cited by 34
Lette, M., Stoop, A., Lemmens, L. C., Buist, Y., Baan, C. A., & de Bruin, S. R. (2017) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-017-0521-5 · Cited by 33
Lestari, S. K., Eriksson, M., de Luna, X., Malmberg, G., & Ng, N. (2022) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2022.104705 · Cited by 33
Nan, J., Duan, Y., Wu, S., Liao, L., Li, X., Zhao, Y., Zhang, H., Zeng, X., & Feng, H. (2022) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-022-03173-6 · Cited by 36
“It can screen naturally older adults early in their trajectory and be more likely to be amenable to intervention [18, 23].”
BackgroundInfluences of Frailty Syndrome on Open-Loop and Closed-Loop Postural Control Strategy
Toosizadeh, N., Mohler, J. M., Wendel, C. S., & Najafi, B. (2014) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000362549 · Cited by 33
Cook, W. L. (2009) · Advances in Chronic Kidney Disease · doi:10.1053/j.ackd.2009.07.008 · Cited by 33
Validation of PROFUND prognostic index over a four-year follow-up period
Bernabeu‐Wittel, M., Moreno-Gaviño, L., Ollero‐Baturone, M., Barón‐Franco, B., Díez‐Manglano, J., Rivas-Cobas, C., Murcia‐Zaragoza, J., Ramos-Cantos, C., & Fernández-Moyano, A. (2016) · European Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ejim.2016.07.022 · Cited by 32
Gunawardene, P., Bermeo, S., Vidal, C., Saedi, A. A., Chung, P., Boersma, D., Phu, S., Pokorski, I., Suriyaarachchi, P., Demontiero, O., et al. (2015) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glv190 · Cited by 32
Downer, B. G., Snih, S. A., Howrey, B. T., Raji, M. A., Markides, K. S., & Ottenbacher, K. J. (2018) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2018.1493719 · Cited by 32
Uchmanowicz, I., Lisiak, M., Wleklik, M., Gurowiec, P. J., & Kałużna‐Oleksy, M. (2019) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s204121 · Cited by 32
Bernabéu-Mora, R., de Oliveira-Sousa, S. L., Sánchez-Martínez, M. P., García-Vidal, J. A., Gacto‐Sánchez, M., & Medina‐Mirapeix, F. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0230116 · Cited by 32
Pamoukdjian, F., Laurent, M., Martinez‐Tapia, C., Rolland, Y., Paillaud, É., & Canouï‐Poitrine, F. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm9061826 · Cited by 32
“Our study confirms the value of using the frailty phenotype to define frailty in older patients with cancer in routine clinical practice; the phenotype is based on a solid pathophysiological model, and can potentially be reversed by target geriatric interventions [24].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Gill, T. M., Gahbauer, E. A., Allore, H. G., & Han, L.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Venue
- Archives of Internal Medicine
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2006-02-27
- Volume
- 166
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 418
- ISSN
- 0003-9926 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2022181538
- Cited by
- 1,141
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 76 · 2025: 67 · 2024: 84 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 91 · 2021: 85 · 2020: 82 · 2019: 82 · 2018: 81 · 2017: 73 · 2016: 66 · 2015: 53 · 2014: 43 · 2013: 39 · 2012: 37
- FWCI
- 10.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Archives of Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Patrick and Catherine Weldon Donaghue Medical Research Foundation
- Yale University (P30AG21342)
- National Institute on Aging (R01AG022993, R37AG017560, K24AG021507, R37AG17560, P30 AG21342, P30AG021342)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes
- Keywords
- frailty, pre-frailty, frailty transitions, community-dwelling older adults, frailty prevention, activities of daily living, weight loss, muscle weakness, physical activity, walking speed, exhaustion
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Geriatrics, Humans, Male, Prospective Studies, Severity of Illness Index, Time Factors, Frail Elderly
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