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Gallstone Formation During Weight-Reduction Dieting

Liddle, Rodger A.·1989·Archives of Internal Medicine
DOI 10.1001/archinte.1989.00390080036009
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Abstract

We investigated the development of gallstones over an 8-week period from the onset of dieting in 51 obese men and women and 26 nondieting control subjects. Gallbladder examinations were performed by abdominal real-time ultrasonography for the detection of gallstones. Initial sonography was performed prior to dieting and only those subjects in whom initial sonograms showed no gallstones or sludge were included in the study. Repeated sonography was performed at 4-week intervals for 8 weeks while they remained on a 2100-kJ/d diet. Initial weight of subjects prior to dieting averaged 105.9 +/- 3.8 kg (162% of ideal body weight) and decreased to 89.4 +/- 3.2 kg (137.3% of ideal body weight) after 8 weeks of dieting. Sonography performed after 4 weeks of dieting revealed new-onset gallbladder sludge in 1 subject and gallstones in 4 subjects. After 8 weeks of dieting sludge was detected in 3 subjects and gallstones in 13 (25.5%). In contrast, none of the nondieting subjects developed any detectable gallbladder abnormalities. During the dieting period, 1 of 51 subjects developed symptoms of biliary colic, necessitating cholecystectomy. On cessation of dieting with reinstitution of normal feeding, 2 additional subjects with stones developed symptoms severe enough to require cholecystectomy. In all 3 cases, cholesterol gallstones were recovered at the time of surgery. Eleven of the 13 patients with gallstones were followed up for 6 months after discontinuation of the diet. Besides the…

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  • Previous studies of VLCD-induced rapid weight loss have generally been small, of short duration, lacked control groups and used formulations with lower amounts of fat compared with formulations used today.

    “Previous studies of VLCD-induced rapid weight loss have generally been small, of short duration, lacked control groups and used formulations with lower amounts of fat compared with the formulations used today.10, 11, 12, 13, 14”

    From Risk of symptomatic gallstones and cholecystectomy after a very-low-calorie diet or low-calorie diet in a commercial weight loss program: 1-year matched cohort study (2014) · cites this paper as [12]

  • Extremely rapid (>1.5 kg/week) or excessive weight reduction (>25% of total body weight) may lead to a lithogenic state and initiate biliary sludge and gallstones.

    “However, the following two specific settings are exceptions: extremely rapid (>1.5 kg/week) or excessive weight reduction (>25% of the total body weight) [202122]. Both cases may occur after bariatric surgery or administration of weight loss medications, which may lead to a lithogenic state and subsequently initiate biliary sludge and gallstones [22].”

    From Prevention of Gallstones After Bariatric Surgery using Ursodeoxycholic Acid: A Narrative Review of Literatures (2022) · cites this paper as [21]

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Metadata

Authors
Liddle, R. A.
Venue
Archives of Internal Medicine
Publisher
American Medical Association (AMA)
Published
1989-08-01
Volume
149
Issue
8
Pages
1750
ISSN
0003-9926
DOI
10.1001/archinte.1989.00390080036009
Cited by
174
References
0
Language
en

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