Cited by 627Multiple Sclerosis Research StudiesPeripheral Neuropathies and DisordersInfectious Diseases and Tuberculosis

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Recommended Standard of Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis in the Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis: A Consensus Statement

Freedman, Mark S., Thompson, Edward J., Deisenhammer, Florian, Giovannoni, Gavin, Grimsley, Guy, Keir, Geoffrey, Öhman, Sten, Racke, Michael K., Sharief, Mohammad, Sindic, Christian J. M., Sellebjerg, Finn, Tourtellotte, Wallace W.·2005·Archives of Neurology

DOI 10.1001/archneur.62.6.865

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

New criteria for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) were published as the result of an internationally formed committee. To increase the specificity of diagnosis and to minimize the number of false diagnoses, the committee recommended the use of both clinical and paraclinical criteria, the latter involving information obtained from magnetic resonance imaging, evoked potentials, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. Although rigorous magnetic resonance imaging requirements were provided, the "new criteria paper" fell short in terms of guidelines as to how the CSF analysis should be performed and simply equated the IgG index with isoelectric focusing, without any justification. The spectrum of parameters analyzed and methods for CSF analysis differ worldwide and often yield variable results in terms of sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and reliability, with no decided "optimal" CSF test for the diagnosis of MS. To address this question specifically, an international panel of experts in MS and CSF diagnostic techniques was convened and the result was this article, representing a consensus of all the participants. These recommendations for establishing a standard for the evaluation of CSF in patients suspected of having MS should greatly complement the new criteria in ensuring that a correct diagnosis of MS is being made.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1001/archneur.62.6.865

Cites

33 of 33 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Principles of albumin and IgG analyses in neurological disorders. I. Establishment of reference values
Tibbling, G., Link, H., & Ohman, S. (1977) · Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation · doi:10.1080/00365517709091496 · Cited by 971
Cerebrospinal fluid analysis: disease-related data patterns and evaluation programs
Reiber, H., & Peter, J. B. (2001) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0022-510x(00)00501-3 · Cited by 740
Clonal expansion and somatic hypermutation of V(H) genes of B cells from cerebrospinal fluid in multiple sclerosis.
Qin, Y., Duquette, P., Zhang, Y., Talbot, P. J., Poole, R., & Antel, J. P. (1998) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci3568 · Cited by 323
The intrathecal, polyspecific and oligoclonal immune response in multiple sclerosis
Reiber, H., Ungefehr, S., & Jacobi, C. (1998) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/135245859800400304 · Cited by 305
A STUDY OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN G IN THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID OF 1007 PATIENTS WITH SUSPECTED NEUROLOGICAL DISEASE USING ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING AND THE LOG IgG-INDEX
McLean, B., Luxton, R. W., & Thompson, E. J. (1990) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/113.5.1269 · Cited by 206
Self-citation
Oligoclonal Measles Virus‐Specific IgG Antibodies Isolated from Cerebrospinal Fluids, Brain Extracts, and Sera from Patients with Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis and Multiple Sclerosis
Vandvik, B., Norrby, E., Nordal, H. J., & DECRÉ, M. (1976) · Scandinavian Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-3083.1976.tb03050.x · Cited by 194
A study of oligoclonal band negative multiple sclerosis.
Zeman, A. Z., Kidd, D. P., McLean, B., Kelly, M. A., Francis, D. A., Miller, D. H., Kendall, B. E., Rudge, P., Thompson, E. J., & McDonald, W. I. (1996) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.60.1.27 · Cited by 161
Self-citation
IgG production within the central nervous system: A critical review of proposed formulae
Lefvert, A. K., & Link, H. (1985) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410170105 · Cited by 129
Oligoclonal IgG Bands in Cerebrospinal Fluid
Kostulas, V. (1987) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1987.00520220043014 · Cited by 119
Myelin basic protein-reactive autoantibodies in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid of multiple sclerosis patients are characterized by low-affinity interactions
O’Connor, K. C., Chitnis, T., Griffin, D. E., Piyasirisilp, S., Bar‐Or, A., Khoury, S. J., Wucherpfennig, K. W., & Hafler, D. A. (2003) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/s0165-5728(03)00002-x · Cited by 98

Show all 34 references

Sorted by citations

Items 301–400 of 627

Investigation of Human Intrathecal Solute Transport Dynamics Using a Novel in vitro Cerebrospinal Fluid System Analog
Seiner, A. J., Burla, G. K. R., Shrestha, D. S., Bowen, M., Horvath, J. D., & Martin, B. A. (2022) · Frontiers in Neuroimaging · doi:10.3389/fnimg.2022.879098 · Cited by 11
Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis and MOG-associated demyelination – a case report with long-term follow-up and a systematic review
Berek, K., Grams, A. E., Uprimny, C., Prieschl, M., Ramberger, M., Unterberger, I., Deisenhammer, F., Reindl, M., & Hegen, H. (2022) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/s12883-022-02974-x · Cited by 11
Self-citation
Plasma IgG aggregates as biomarkers for multiple sclerosis
Zhou, W., Graner, M. W., Beseler, C. L., Domashevich, T., Selva, S., Webster, G., Ledreux, A., Zizzo, Z., Lundt, M., Álvarez, E., et al. (2023) · Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.clim.2023.109801 · Cited by 11
Association of cerebrospinal fluid kappa free light chains with the intrathecal polyspecific antiviral immune response in multiple sclerosis
Huss, A. M., Mojib-Yezdani, F., Bachhuber, F., Fangerau, T., Lewerenz, J., Otto, M., Tumani, H., & Şenel, M. (2019) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2019.08.016 · Cited by 11
Multiple sclerosis with intractable vomiting and atypical area postrema lesion
Koh, Y. H., & Ratnagopal, P. (2020) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2020.102348 · Cited by 11
Multiple Sklerose – Revision der neuen McDonald-Diagnosekriterien
Wiendl, H., Kieseier, B. C., Gold, R., Hohlfeld, R., Bendszus, M., & Hartung, H. (2006) · Der Nervenarzt · doi:10.1007/s00115-006-2127-6 · Cited by 11
Identification of Biomarkers in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum of Multiple Sclerosis Patients by Immunoproteomics Approach
Colomba, P., Fontana, S., Salemi, G., Barranca, M., Sicco, C. L., Mazzola, M. A., Ragonese, P., Savettieri, G., Leo, G. D., Alessandro, R., et al. (2014) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms151223269 · Cited by 11
A brainstem “mini-discharge” syndrome (anesthesia dolorosa)
Andy, O. J. (1987) · Pavlovian Journal of Biological Science · doi:10.1007/bf02700143 · Cited by 11
Primary progressive multiple sclerosis: a comparative study of the diagnostic criteria
Seze, J. D., Debouverie, M., Waucquier, N., Steinmetz, G., Pittion, S., Zéphir, H., Fleury, M., Blanc, F., & Vermersch, P. (2007) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458506071767 · Cited by 11
Cerebrospinal fluid analysis in the 2010 revised McDonald's multiple sclerosis diagnostic criteria
Galea, I., Freedman, M. S., & Thompson, E. J. (2011) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.22466 · Cited by 11
Self-citation
Cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands in Chinese patients with multiple sclerosis: the prevalence and its association with clinical features
Zhang, X., Hao, H.-J., Jin, T., Qiu, W., Yang, H., Xue, Q., Yin, J., Shi, Z., Yu, H., Ji, X., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2023.1280020 · Cited by 11
Laboratory Diagnosis of Intrathecal Synthesis of Immunoglobulins: A Review about the Contribution of OCBs and K-index
Morello, M., Mastrogiovanni, S., Falcione, F., Rossi, V., Bernardini, S., Casciani, S., Viola, A., Reali, M., & Pieri, M. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms25105170 · Cited by 11
A Multiple N-Glucosylated Peptide Epitope Efficiently Detecting Antibodies in Multiple Sclerosis
Nuti, F., Real‐Fernández, F., Sabatino, G., Peroni, E., Mulinacci, B., Paolini, I., Pisa, M. D., Tiberi, C., Lolli, F., Petruzzo, M., et al. (2020) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci10070453 · Cited by 11
High prevalence of intrathecal IgA synthesis in multiple sclerosis patients
Muñoz, Ú., Sebal, C., Escudero, E., Sánchez, M. I. G., Urcelay, E., Jayo, A., Arroyo, R., García‐Martínez, M. Á., Álvarez‐Lafuente, R., & Sádaba, M. C. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-08099-y · Cited by 10
The Use of Kappa Free Light Chains to Diagnose Multiple Sclerosis
Arneth, B. M., & Kraus, J. (2022) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina58111512 · Cited by 10
A comparison of measles-rubella-zoster reaction, oligoclonal IgG bands, oligoclonal kappa free light chains and kappa index in multiple sclerosis
Revendová, K. Ž., Svub, K. D., Bunganic, R., Pelíšek, O., Volný, O., Ganesh, A., Bar, M., Zeman, D., & Kušnierová, P. (2023) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2023.105125 · Cited by 11
Detection of B‐cell populations with monotypic light chain expression in cerebrospinal fluid specimens from patients with multiple sclerosis by polychromatic flow cytometry
Vafaii, P., & DiGiuseppe, J. A. (2013) · Cytometry Part B Clinical Cytometry · doi:10.1002/cyto.b.21099 · Cited by 10
Multiple Sclerosis: An Overview of Clinical Features, Pathophysiology, Neuroimaging, and Treatment Options
Minagar, A. (2014) · Colloquium Series on Integrated Systems Physiology From Molecule to Function · doi:10.4199/c00116ed1v01y201408isp055 · Cited by 11
A guide to facilitate the early treatment of patients with idiopathic demyelinating disease (multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica)
Carroll, W. M., Saida, T., Kim, H., Kira, J., Kermode, A. G., Tsai, C., Fujihara, K., Kusunoki, S., Tanaka, M., Kim, K.-K., et al. (2013) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458512471092 · Cited by 10
MRZH reaction increases sensitivity for intrathecal IgG synthesis in IgG Oligoclonal band negative Multiple Sclerosis patients
Dias-Carneiro, R. P. C., von Glehn, F., Moraes, A. S., Boldrini, V. D. O., Damasceno, A., Andrade, M., Lima, A. C. D., Casanova, C. S., Tilbery, C. P., Damasceno, B. P., et al. (2016) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.10.001 · Cited by 10
The relationship between blood–brain barrier dysfunction and neurocognitive impairments in first-episode psychosis: findings from a retrospective chart analysis
Maurus, I., Wagner, S. A., Campana, M., Roell, L., Strauß, J., Fernando, P., Muenz, S., Eichhorn, P., Schmitt, A., Karch, S., et al. (2023) · BJPsych Open · doi:10.1192/bjo.2023.22 · Cited by 10
Detection of oligoclonal IgG kappa and IgG lambda bands in cerebrospinal fluid and serum with HevyliteTM antibodies. Comparison with the free light chain oligoclonal pattern.
Zeman, D., Hradílek, P., Švagera, Z., Mojžíšková, E., Woznicová, I., & Zapletalová, O. (2012) · Fluids and Barriers of the CNS · doi:10.1186/2045-8118-9-5 · Cited by 10
Antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus and neurotropic viruses in multiple sclerosis and optic neuritis
Houen, G., Heiden, J., Trier, N. H., Draborg, A. H., Benros, M. E., Zinkevičiūtė, R., Petraitytė-Burneikienė, R., Čiplys, E., Slibinskas, R., & Frederiksen, J. L. (2020) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577314 · Cited by 10
The Significance of HLA DRB1*1501 and Oligoclonal Bands in Multiple Sclerosis: Clinical Features and Disability
Balnytė, R., Rastenytė, D., Ulozienė, I., Mickevičienė, D., Skrodenienė, E., & Vitkauskienė, A. (2011) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina47070052 · Cited by 9
A dynamic interpretation of κFLC index for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: a change of perspective
Toscano, S., Chisari, C. G., Fermo, S. L., Gulino, G., Zappia, M., & Patti, F. (2023) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-023-11952-3 · Cited by 9
Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis: a prospective study focused on cerebrospinal fluid and clinical symptoms
Wu, S., Li, H., Lian, Y., Chen, Y., Zheng, Y., Wang, C., Zhang, Q., Huang, Z., Mao, Z., & Pang, K. (2020) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10072-020-04451-0 · Cited by 9
Differential diagnosis in acute inflammatory myelitis
Marrodán, M., Hernández, M. A., Köhler, A., & Correale, J. D. (2020) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2020.102481 · Cited by 9
Performance of McDonald 2017 multiple sclerosis diagnostic criteria and evaluation of genetic ancestry in patients with a first demyelinating event in Argentina
Marrodán, M., Piedrabuena, M. A., Gaitán, M. I., Fiol, M. P., Ysrraelit, M. C., Contentti, E. C., López, P. A., Peuchot, V. A., & Correale, J. D. (2023) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/13524585231157276 · Cited by 9
Differentiating patterns of oligoclonal banding in the cerebrospinal fluid improves diagnostic utility for multiple sclerosis
Lin, M., Suan, D., Lenton, K., Henniker, T., Burke, T. V., Vucic, S., & Fulcher, D. A. (2012) · Pathology · doi:10.1097/pat.0b013e3283511a87 · Cited by 9
Intrathecal synthesis in particular types of multiple sclerosis
Sládková, V., Mareš, J., Hluštı́k, P., Langová, J., & Kaňovský, P. (2012) · Biomedical Papers · doi:10.5507/bp.2012.054 · Cited by 9
Laboratory Evaluation of Immunoglobulin Function and Humoral Immunity
McPherson, R. A., & Massey, H. D. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-0974-2.00046-4 · Cited by 9
The clinical value of the albumin quotient in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
Chen, B., Qin, C., Tao, R., Dong, Y., Ma, X., Chen, M., Wu, L., Bu, B., & Tian, D. (2019) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2019.101880 · Cited by 9
MYELIN ASSOCIATED ANTIBODIES: MYELIN-ASSOCIATED GLYCOPROTEIN AUTOANTIBODIES, MYELIN BASIC PROTEIN AUTOANTIBODIES AND MYELIN PROTEOLIPID AUTOANTIBODIES IN NEUROLOGIC DISEASES
Achiron, A., & MIRON, S. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-044452763-9/50080-9 · Cited by 9
Immunohistochemistry
Höftberger, R., Mader, S., & Reindl, M. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-01225-4_12 · Cited by 10
CSF analysis in suspected MS
Hintzen, R. Q., & Giovannoni, G. (2008) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000306413.29367.82 · Cited by 9
Self-citation
Multiple Sclerosis
Thomas, F. P. (2012) · Pathy's Principles and Practice of Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1002/9781119952930.ch70 · Cited by 9
Comparison of intracranial pressure changes in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients with and without malignant blood-brain barrier disruption
Lee, S., You, Y., Ahn, H. J., Park, J. S., Jeong, W., Kang, C., Min, J. H., & In, Y. N. (2022) · Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine · doi:10.15441/ceem.22.319 · Cited by 8
Variation in processes and reporting of cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal banding and associated tests and calculated indices across Canadian clinical laboratories
Higgins, V., Beriault, D. R., Mostafa, A., Estey, M. P., Agbor, T., Ismail, O. Z., & Parker, M. L. (2023) · Clinical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2023.04.006 · Cited by 8
Effects of anti-CD20 therapy on circulating and intrathecal follicular helper T cell subsets in multiple sclerosis
Mahdaoui, S. E., Hansen, M. M., Hansen, M. B., Hvalkof, V. H., Søndergaard, H. B., Mahler, M. R., Christensen, J. R., Sellebjerg, F. T., & von Essen, M. R. (2024) · Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.clim.2024.110262 · Cited by 9
Self-citation
Proteomics of a conundrum: Thoughts on addressing the aetiology versus progression of multiple sclerosis
Partridge, M. A., Myers, S. J., Gopinath, S., & Coorssen, J. R. (2015) · PROTEOMICS - CLINICAL APPLICATIONS · doi:10.1002/prca.201400141 · Cited by 8
Neurofilament light chain on intensive care admission is an independent predictor of mortality in COVID-19: a prospective multicenter study
Sievert, T., Didriksson, I., Spångfors, M., Lilja, G., Blennow, K., Zetterberg, H., Frigyesi, A., & Friberg, H. (2023) · Intensive Care Medicine Experimental · doi:10.1186/s40635-023-00547-x · Cited by 8
B Cells and Antibodies in MS
Reindl, M., Kuenz, B., & Berger, T. (2009) · Results and problems in cell differentiation · doi:10.1007/400_2008_16 · Cited by 8
Bandes oligoclonales et index IgG interprété selon Reiber dans les maladies inflammatoires du système nerveux central
Gillain, N., Fumal, A., & Minon, J. (2006) · Immuno-analyse & Biologie Spécialisée · doi:10.1016/j.immbio.2006.07.008 · Cited by 8
What makes a prognostic biomarker in CNS diseases: strategies for targeted biomarker discovery? Part 2: chronic progressive and relapsing disease
Kühle, J., & Petzold, A. (2011) · Expert Opinion on Medical Diagnostics · doi:10.1517/17530059.2011.592184 · Cited by 8
Diagnostic value of immunoglobulin free light chains at the debut of multiple sclerosis
Назаров, В. Д., Сергеевич, М. Г., Маzing, A. V., Суркова, Е. А., Сергеевич, К. В., Shumilina, M. V., Totolyan, N. A., Evdoshenko, E. P., Lapin, S. V., Emanuel, V. L., et al. (2017) · S S Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry · doi:10.17116/jnevro20171172260-65 · Cited by 8
Clinical significance of a single cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulin band: A retrospective study
Tusseau, M., Cheli, E., Marignier, R., Poitevin, F., Malcus, C., Gossez, M., Bancel, J., Monneret, G., & Vukusic, S. (2020) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458520978222 · Cited by 8
Neurology
Tarulli, A. W. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-29632-6 · Cited by 8
10 Most Commonly Asked Questions About Cerebrospinal Fluid Characteristics in Demyelinating Disorders of the Central Nervous System
Mehling, M., Kühle, J., & Regeniter, A. (2008) · The Neurologist · doi:10.1097/nrl.0b013e31815ac523 · Cited by 8
Increased urinary free immunoglobulin light chain excretion in patients with multiple sclerosis
Dobson, R., Miller, R. F., Palmer, H. E., Feldmann, M., Thompson, E. J., Thompson, A. J., Miller, D. H., & Giovannoni, G. (2010) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2010.01.012 · Cited by 8
Self-citation
Comparison of two methods for the detection of oligoclonal bands in a large number of clinically isolated syndrome and multiple sclerosis patients
Andlovic, A., Babič, M., Accetto, S., & Rot, U. (2012) · Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2011.12.051 · Cited by 8
Detection of oligoclonal IgG bands in cerebrospinal fluid and serum: comparison between commercial immunofixation method and home-made affinity immunoblotting method and evaluation of interobserver agreement
Nováčková, L., & Zeman, D. (2011) · Klinická biochemie a metabolismus · doi:10.61568/kbm.2011.037 · Cited by 8
The Interpretation of Mirror Pattern Bands During Oligoclonal Immunoglobulin Isoelectric Focusing Electrophoresis: A Retrospective Study
Wang, J., Li, L., Zhang, Y., & Wang, P. (2022) · Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1093/labmed/lmac126 · Cited by 7
Improving the efficiency of free kappa light chains as diagnostic biomarker of Multiple Sclerosis by using a novel algorithm
Tortosa-Carreres, J., Quiroga‐Varela, A., Castillo-Villalba, J., Piqueras, M., Ramió-Torrentà, L. L., Cubas-Núñez, L., Gasqué-Rubio, R., Quintanilla‐Bordás, C., Huertas‐Pons, J. M., Miguela, A., et al. (2023) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2023.104997 · Cited by 8
Prognostic value of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in multiple sclerosis: The key role of kappa free light chains and a multivariate predictor for disease progression
Miklusova, M., Fürst, T., Zimek, D., & Mareš, J. (2023) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2023.105402 · Cited by 7
Albumin and multiple sclerosis: a prospective study from UK Biobank
Chen, K., Li, C., Zhao, B., & Shang, H. (2024) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2024.1415160 · Cited by 7
Implications of monoclonal gammopathy and isoelectric focusing pattern 5 on the free light chain kappa diagnostics in cerebrospinal fluid
Hannich, M. J., Konen, F. F., Gag, K., Alkhayer, A., Türker, S. N., Budde, K., Nauck, M., Wurster, U., Dressel, A., Skripuletz, T., et al. (2025) · Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) · doi:10.1515/cclm-2023-1468 · Cited by 7
Comparison of the Diagnostic Performance of the Central Vein Sign and CSF Oligoclonal Bands Supporting the Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis
Allen, C. M., Clarke, M. A., Pai, H. V., Cauchi, M., Hawken, J., Htet, Z. M., Allen‐Philbey, K., Mohamed, B. A., Fitzsimmons, D. F., das Nair, R., et al. (2025) · Neurology Open Access · doi:10.1212/wn9.0000000000000017 · Cited by 7
Progression and CSF Inflammation after Eradication of Oligoclonal Bands in an MS Patient Treated with Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Follicular Lymphoma
Brændstrup, P., Langkilde, A. R., Schreiber, K. I., Ravnborg, M. H., Sellebjerg, F. T., & Vindeløv, L. L. (2012) · Case Reports in Neurology · doi:10.1159/000339738 · Cited by 7
Self-citation
Associations of HLA DRB1 Alleles with Igg Oligoclonal Bands and Their Influence on Multiple Sclerosis Course and Disability Status
Rastenyte, R. B. D. (2014) · Journal of Neurology & Neurophysiology · doi:10.4172/2155-9562.1000273 · Cited by 7
CSF oligoclonal IgG bands are not associated with ALS progression and prognosis
Klose, V., Jesse, S., Lewerenz, J., Kassubek, J., Dorst, J., Tumani, H., Ludolph, A. C., & Roselli, F. (2023) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2023.1170360 · Cited by 7
Oligoclonal band count as a marker of disease activity and progression in multiple sclerosis: A multicenter study
Tunç, A., Seferoğlu, M., Sıvacı, A. Ö., Köktürk, M. D., Akbaş, A. A., Bozkurt, B., & Öncel, S. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.jocn.2024.07.013 · Cited by 8
Immune characteristics study of AG490, a signal pathway inhibitor, in EAE model mice
Zhao, Z., Mao, Z., Yin, J., Shu, Y., Qiu, W., Lu, Z., & Hu, X. (2016) · Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.08.015 · Cited by 7
Differentiation of relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study based on machine learning
Ekşi, Z., Çakıroğlu, M., Öz, C., Aralaşmak, A., Karadeli, H. H., & Özcan, M. E. (2020) · Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria · doi:10.1590/0004-282x20200094 · Cited by 7
Repeated lumbar puncture in search of oligoclonal bands – What is the yield?
Mermelstein, M., Naftali, J., Wilf‐Yarkoni, A., Lotan, I., Hellmann, M. A., & Steiner, I. (2022) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2022.120298 · Cited by 7
Natalizumab analogon therapy is effective in a B cell‐dependent multiple sclerosis model
Häusler, D., Nessler, S., Kruse, N., Brück, W., & Metz, I. (2015) · Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology · doi:10.1111/nan.12220 · Cited by 7
Autoimmune Encephalitis in Critical Care: Optimizing Immunosuppression
Rubin, D. B., Batra, A., Vodopivec, I., & Vaitkevicius, H. (2017) · Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-0037-1608771 · Cited by 7
Serum complement factor H and Tyr4O2 His gene polymorphism among Egyptians with multiple sclerosis
Rasol, H. A. A., Helmy, H., & Aziz, M. A. (2015) · Neurological Research · doi:10.1179/1743132815y.0000000075 · Cited by 7
Multiple sclerosis and co-morbid autoimmune disease: the final nail in the coffin?
Disanto, G., & Ramagopalan, S. V. (2012) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458512440833 · Cited by 7
Intensity of Intrathecal Total IgG Synthesis in Multiple Sclerosis Correlates with the Degree of Pleocytosis, Diversity of Intrathecal Antiviral Antibody Specificities, and Female Sex
Vlad, B., Hilty, M., Neidhart, S., Högelin, K. A., Ziegler, M., Khademi, M., Lutterotti, A., Regeniter, A., Martinꝉ, R., Nimer, F. A., et al. (2024) · Antibodies · doi:10.3390/antib13040102 · Cited by 6
KFLC-index distinguishes multiple sclerosis from anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein and aquaporin 4 diseases in a Chinese cohort
Tan, H., Deng, X., ZhangBao, J., Zhou, L., Wu, W., Li, H., Li, Y., Fan, Y., Wang, Z., Xiao, Y., et al. (2025) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp-2025-335953 · Cited by 7
Paramagnetic rim lesions are associated with choroid plexus inflammation and expansion over 5 years in people with multiple sclerosis
Reeves, J. A., Tranquille, A., Bartnik, A., Mohebbi, M., Salman, F., Jakimovski, D., Schweser, F., Weinstock‐Guttman, B., Dwyer, M. G., Tavazzi, E., et al. (2025) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-025-13309-4 · Cited by 6
Parenchymal Neuro-Behçet's disease or Comorbid Behçet's disease with multiple sclerosis: A discriminative analysis of a complex clinical entity
İsmayılov, R., Talibov, T., Gündüz, T., & Kürtüncü, M. (2024) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2024.105684 · Cited by 7
Reliability of albumin bromocresol green colorimetric method and clinical impact
Penickova, S., Benyaich, S., Ambar, I., & COTTON, F. J. (2024) · Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation · doi:10.1080/00365513.2024.2420311 · Cited by 6
Glycan profiling of multiple sclerosis oligoclonal bands with MALDI-TOF
Şahin, F., Kaya, Z. Z., Serteser, M., Öztürk, H. Ü., & Baykal, A. T. (2024) · Analytical Methods · doi:10.1039/d4ay01639d · Cited by 6
Biomarkers of Intrathecal Synthesis May Be Associated with Cognitive Impairment at MS Diagnosis
Virgilio, E., Ciampana, V., Puricelli, C., Naldi, P., Bianchi, A., Dianzani, U., Vecchio, D., & Comi, C. (2025) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms26020826 · Cited by 6
Reibergram and Oligoclonal Bands in Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis
Karamehić, J., Delić-Šarac, M., Subasic, D., Jukic, T., Ćorić, J., Panjeta, M., Drače, Z., Zečević, L., Mutevelić, S., Dzananovic, N., et al. (2012) · Medical Archives · doi:10.5455/medarh.2012.66.222-225 · Cited by 6
Laboratory Performance on Reporting Monoclonal Gammopathy During Cerebrospinal Fluid Oligoclonal Banding Analysis from External Quality Assessment Surveys
Chen, Y. (2018) · The Journal of Applied Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1373/jalm.2018.026088 · Cited by 6
A Comparison of IgG Index and Oligoclonal Band in the Cerebrospinal Fluid for Differentiating between RRMS and NMOSD
Chen, B., Tian, D., & Bu, B. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci12010069 · Cited by 8
Association of Cerebrospinal Fluid Parameters and Neurofilament Light Chain With Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness in Multiple Sclerosis
Krajnc, N., Altmann, P., Riedl, K., Mitsch, C., Berger, T., Leutmezer, F., Rommer, P. S., Pemp, B., & Bsteh, G. (2022) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2022.814734 · Cited by 6
Increased T-bet/GATA-3 and ROR-γt /Foxp3 Ratios in Cerebrospinal Fluid as Potential Criteria for Definite Neuro-Behçet’s Disease
Belghith, M., Maghrebi, O., Aroua, C., Bahrini, K., Saied, Z., Belal, S., Sassi, S. B., Barbouche, M., & Kchaou, M. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11154415 · Cited by 6
Clinical usefulness of cerebrospinal fluid evaluation.
Fredrikson, S. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 6
Regulatory genomic regions active in immune cell types explain a large proportion of the genetic risk of multiple sclerosis
Elangovan, R. I., Disanto, G., Berlanga‐Taylor, A. J., Ramagopalan, S. V., & Handunnetthi, L. (2014) · Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1038/jhg.2014.3 · Cited by 6
A glimpse at the cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulins in neurological conditions. Does it help the clinician?
Lim, M. J. (2012) · Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology · doi:10.1111/dmcn.12033 · Cited by 6
Associations of HLA DRB1 alleles with IgG oligoclonal bands and their influence on multiple sclerosis course and disability status
Balnytė, R., Rastenytė, D., Vaitkus, A., Skrodenienė, E., Vitkauskienė, A., & Ulozienė, I. (2016) · Medicina · doi:10.1016/j.medici.2016.07.004 · Cited by 6
Cerebrospinal Fluid Testing for Multiple Sclerosis
Goldsmith, J. F., & Herskovits, A. Z. (2020) · Clinics in Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.cll.2020.06.002 · Cited by 6
Imaging Mimics of Brain Tumors
Donahue, J., Patel, S. H., Fadul, C. E., & Mukherjee, S. (2021) · Radiologic Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.rcl.2021.02.003 · Cited by 6
Isoelectric Focusing in Agarose Gel for Detection of Oligoclonal Bands in Cerebrospinal and Other Biological Fluids
Csákó, G. (2012) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-61779-821-4_20 · Cited by 6
An Updated Evaluation of Intrathecal IgG Synthesis Markers in Relation to Oligoclonal Bands
Boufidou, F., Vakrakou, A. G., Anagnostouli, M. C., Patas, K., Paraskevas, G., Chatzipanagiotou, S., Stefanis, L., & Evangelopoulos, M. (2023) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics13030389 · Cited by 5
Matched oligoclonal bands: Diagnostic utility and clinical characteristics
Hoshina, Y., Abbatemarco, J., Rodenbeck, S. J., Poon, J. T., Liu, S., Soldán, M. M. P., Greenlee, J., ROSE, J. W., Peterson, L. K., Johnson, L. M., et al. (2024) · Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology · doi:10.1002/acn3.52162 · Cited by 5
Kappa-free light chain as a practical alternative to oligoclonal bands in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis
Beckmann, Y. Y., Düztaş, D., Uzunköprü, C., Şen, S., Arslan, G., Vural, D. G., & Terzi, M. (2025) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2025.106377 · Cited by 5
Evidence for an Intrathecal Immunoglobulin Synthesis by Kappa Free Light Chains in Neurological Patients with an Isolated Band in Isoelectric Focusing
Weiss, B., Pichler, A., Damulina, A., Buchmann, A., Hochmeister, S., Seifert‐Held, T., Enzinger, C., Archelos, J.-J., & Khalil, M. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10092202 · Cited by 5
B Cells Accumulate in the Cerebrospinal Fluid in Inflammatory Neurological Diseases
Gredler, V. (2012) · Journal of Cytology & Histology · doi:10.4172/2157-7099.s1-001 · Cited by 6
Frequency of HLA-DRB1 Gene Alleles in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis in a Lithuanian Population
Balnytė, R., Rastenytė, D., Mickevičienė, D., Vaitkus, A., Skrodenienė, E., & Vitkauskienė, A. (2012) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina48010002 · Cited by 5
A Haystack Heuristic for Autoimmune Disease Biomarker Discovery Using Next-Gen Immune Repertoire Sequencing Data
Apeltsin, L., Wang, S., von Büdingen, H. ‐., & Sirota, M. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-04439-5 · Cited by 5
Immunofixation Electrophoresis for Identification of Proteins and Specific Antibodies
Csákó, G. (2012) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-61779-821-4_13 · Cited by 5
Current concepts on intrathecal humoral immune response and diagnostic importance of oligoclonal immunoglobulins in multiple sclerosis
Сергеевич, М. Г., Lapin, S. V., & Evdoshenko, E. P. (2016) · S S Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry · doi:10.17116/jnevro20161162214-20 · Cited by 5
Ginkgo biloba for Improvement of Memory and Quality of Life in Multiple Sclerosis: an Open Trial
Noroozıan, M., Mohebbi-Rasa, S., Tasviechi, A., Sahraian, M. A., Karamghadiri, N., & Akhondzadeh, S. (2011) · DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) · Cited by 5
Morphology of the pathways of intracellular circulation in the brain
Kondor, Y. Y., Tykholaz, V. O., & Guminskyi, Y. Y. (2020) · Pain medicine · doi:10.31636/pmjua.v4i4.4 · Cited by 5
Global transcriptome profiling in peripheral blood mononuclear cells identifies dysregulation of immune processes in individuals with radiologically isolated syndrome
Kozin, M. S., Сергеевич, К. И., Baulina, N., Кабаева, А. Р., Pavlova, G., Boyко, A., Favorova, O. O., & Кулакова, О. Г. (2021) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2021.103469 · Cited by 5
Cerebrospinal fluid: the role of biochemical analysis
Srivastava, R., Murphy, M. J., & Jeffery, J. (2008) · British Journal of Hospital Medicine · doi:10.12968/hmed.2008.69.4.28977 · Cited by 5

Authors: Freedman, M. S., Thompson, E. J., Deisenhammer, F., Giovannoni, G., Grimsley, G., Keir, G., Öhman, S., Racke, M. K., Sharief, M., Sindic, C. J. M., Sellebjerg, F., & Tourtellotte, W. W.
Affiliations: University of Ottawa (CA)
ORCID: Freedman, Mark S.
Deisenhammer, Florian
Giovannoni, Gavin
Racke, Michael K.
Sellebjerg, Finn
Venue: Archives of Neurology
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 2005-06-01
Volume: 62
Issue: 6
ISSN: 0003-9942 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1001/archneur.62.6.865
OpenAlex: W2123646700
Cited by: 41
References: 34
Citations by year: 2023: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 5
FWCI: 2.22
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Archives of Neurology (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Peripheral Neuropathies and Disorders
Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis
Keywords: multiple sclerosis, cerebrospinal fluid analysis, diagnostic criteria, IgG index, isoelectric focusing, magnetic resonance imaging, evoked potentials, diagnostic standardization, false diagnosis

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Recommended Standard of Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis in the Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis: A Consensus Statement

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks