Serological Association Between Chlamydia pneumoniae Infection and Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) is a leading cause of blindness in the United States, but the mechanisms that initiate and promote the disease remain ill defined. There are several risk factors that ARMD shares with atherosclerosis, and these diseases may have similar pathogenic mechanisms that involve inflammation. Chlamydia pneumoniae, a prokaryotic pathogen that causes chronic inflammation is now emerging as a risk factor in the development of cardiovascular diseases. It is therefore plausible that this microorganism also contributes to the pathogenesis of ARMD. METHODS: To examine if C pneumoniae infection is associated with ARMD, serum samples from 25 consecutive patients with ARMD and from 18 without the disease were collected and assayed for the presence of the antibodies to C pneumoniae elementary bodies, Chlamydia trachomatis heat shock protein 60 (cHsp60), C trachomatis heat shock protein 10 (cHsp10), Escherichia coli GroEL, and E coli GroES. RESULTS: A serological association was found between ARMD and anti-C pneumoniae antibodies (P =.047) but not between ARMD and the anti-C trachomatis or anti-E coli heat shock protein antibodies. The association remained statistically significant after adjusting for age and smoking, both established risk factors for ARMD. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that C pneumoniae infection may be associated with ARMD. Further studies on larger cohorts of individuals are necessary to determine if this pathogen plays a role in the pathogenesis of ARMD.
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Additional environmental factors that may influence AMD pathogenesis include sunlight exposure, alcohol use, and infection of bacterial pathogens, particularly Chlamydia pneumoniae.
“Additional environmental factors that may influence AMD pathogenesis include sunlight exposure (33, 35, 85), alcohol use (23, 24, 114), and infection of bacterial pathogens (particularly Chlamydia pneumoniae) (11, 76, 81).”
From Unraveling a Multifactorial Late-Onset Disease: From Genetic Susceptibility to Disease Mechanisms for Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2009) · cites this paper as [81]
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“It has been shown that serum antibodies for Chlamydia pneumoniae proteins are associated with increased risk for AMD development and progression.(4) At lower concentrations or in the absence of accessory molecules, sFasL exerts its pro-inflammatory effects.”
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Exploring Endotoxemia in Age-Related Macular Degeneration, Glaucoma, and Diabetic Retinopathy
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- Authors
- Kalayoglu, M. V.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kalayoglu, Murat V.
- Venue
- Archives of Ophthalmology
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2003-04-01
- Volume
- 121
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 478
- ISSN
- 0003-9950 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1419959030
- Cited by
- 82
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2017: 1 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 7.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of Ophthalmology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science
- Funders
- U.S. Public Health Service (A1 19782, A1 42790)
- National Cancer Institute (P30CA086862)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32GM008692)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI042790, R01AI019782)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Ocular Diseases and Behçet’s Syndrome
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Ocular Infections and Treatments
- Keywords
- Chlamydia pneumoniae, age-related macular degeneration, Chlamydia trachomatis, heat shock proteins, GroEL, GroES, chronic inflammation, atherosclerosis, pathogenesis
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Antibodies, Bacterial, Chlamydia Infections, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Humans, Macular Degeneration, Male, Risk Factors, Eye Infections, Bacterial, Case-Control Studies, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, Chaperonin 60, Chaperonin 10
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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