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Cited by 355Child Abuse and TraumaPosttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchCrime Patterns and Interventions

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Violence Exposure, Trauma, and IQ and/or Reading Deficits Among Urban Children

Delaney-Black, Virginia, Covington, Chandice, Ondersma, Steven J., Nordstrom-Klee, Beth, Templin, Thomas, Ager, Joel, Janisse, James, Sokol, Robert J.·2002·Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine
DOI 10.1001/archpedi.156.3.280
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Abstract

Background Exposure to violence in childhood has been associated with lower school grades. However, the association between violence exposure and performance on standardized tests (such as IQ or academic achievement) in children is unknown. It is also not known whether violence exposure itself or subsequent symptoms of trauma are primarily responsible for negative outcomes. Objective To examine the relationship between violence exposure and trauma-related distress and standardized test performance among early school-aged urban children, controlling for important potential confounders. Design A total of 299 urban first-grade children and their caregivers were evaluated using self-report, interview, and standardized tests. Main outcome measures The child's IQ (Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence--Revised) and reading ability (Test of Early Reading Ability, second edition) were the outcomes of interest. Results After controlling for confounders (child's gender, caregiver's IQ, home environment, socioeconomic status, and prenatal exposure to substance abuse) violence exposure was related to the child's IQ (P =.01) and reading ability (P =.045). Trauma-related distress accounted for additional variance in reading ability (P =.01). Using the derived regression equation to estimate effect sizes, a child experiencing both violence exposure and trauma-related distress at or above the 90th percentile would be expected to have a 7.5-point (SD, 0.5) decrement in IQ and a…

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  • Exposure to traumatic events can disrupt brain development and have immediate and lifelong adverse effects on social, emotional, and physical wellbeing, including deficits in executive functioning, developmental delays, behavioral health problems, difficulty regulating emotions and behavior, academic performance and IQ, school behavior problems, delinquency, substance abuse, and mental health and

    “Exposure to traumatic events can disrupt brain development and can have immediate and lifelong adverse effects on social, emotional, and physical wellbeing, including deficits in executive functioning, developmental delays, behavioral health problems, difficulty regulating emotions and behavior, academic performance and IQ, school behavior problems, delinquency, substance abuse, and mental health”

    From Effects of trauma-informed approaches in schools: A systematic review (2019) · cites this paper as Delaney‐Black et al., 2002

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Metadata

Authors
Delaney-Black, V., Covington, C., Ondersma, S. J., Nordstrom-Klee, B., Templin, T., Ager, J., Janisse, J., & Sokol, R. J.
Affiliations
  • University of California, Los Angeles (US)
  • Wayne State University (US)
ORCID
Venue
Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine
Publisher
American Medical Association (AMA)
Published
2002-03-01
Volume
156
Issue
3
Pages
280
ISSN
1072-4710 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1001/archpedi.156.3.280
OpenAlex
W2026400473
Cited by
355
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 10 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 17
FWCI
9.10
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA008524, DA00516)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
Keywords
violence exposure, childhood trauma, trauma-related distress, IQ, reading achievement, urban children, younger schoolchildren, academic performance, prenatal drug exposure, socioeconomic status
MeSH terms
Aptitude, Child, Dyslexia, Educational Measurement, Female, Humans, Intelligence, Male, Probability, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors, Sampling Studies, Socioeconomic Factors, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Urban Population, Cohort Studies, Incidence, Domestic Violence

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