The DOI matches its Crossref record; 53 of the 53 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
How Much of Neonatal Encephalopathy Is due to Birth Asphyxia?
Abstract
In the literature on neonatal encephalopathy, the pervasive assumption is that once infants with major malformations or infections have been excluded, most of the remaining cases are due to birth asphyxia. Assessing the proportion of neonatal encephalopathy that is due to asphyxia during birth is difficult because of problems in defining asphyxia and neonatal encephalopathy and in recognizing the cause of neonatal neurologic illness. Available evidence indicates that neonatal neurologic signs are not strongly related to obstetric complications, signs of fetal distress, or biochemical markers usually considered to indicate perinatal asphyxia. Most studies that have sought positive evidence of independent markers of intrapartum asphyxia have found them to be absent in a large majority of neurologically symptomatic neonates. We conclude that the proportion of neonatal encephalopathy that is asphyxial in origin is not known but warrants examination, especially in view of the probable need in the near future to identify, on the basis of evidence available in the first hour or so of life, suitable candidates for clinical trials of powerful but risky treatments of birth asphyxia.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Volpe, J. J. (1981) · PubMed · Cited by 2,932
Neonatal Encephalopathy Following Fetal Distress: A Clinical and Electroencephalographic Study
Sarnat, H. B. (1976) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1976.00500100030012 · Cited by 2,680
McDonald, J. W., & Johnston, M. V. (1990) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/0165-0173(90)90011-c · Cited by 1,416
2,3-Dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoyl-benzo(F)quinoxaline: a Neuroprotectant for Cerebral Ischemia
Sheardown, M. J., Nielsen, E. Ø., Hansen, A. J., Jacobsen, P., & Honoré, T. (1990) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2154034 · Cited by 1,138
The Dublin randomized controlled trial of intrapartum fetal heart rate monitoring
MacDonald, D., Grant, A., Sheridan-Pereira, M., Boylan, P., & Chalmers, I. (1985) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(85)90619-2 · Cited by 631
Apgar Scores as Predictors of Chronic Neurologic Disability
Nelson, K. B., & Ellenberg, J. H. (1981) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.68.1.36 · Cited by 626
Self-citationSaugstad, O. D. (1988) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1203/00006450-198802000-00001 · Cited by 416
Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in term neonates: Perinatal factors and outcome
Finer, N. N., Robertson, C. M., Richards, R. T., Pinnell, L. E., & Peters, K. L. (1981) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(81)80555-0 · Cited by 409
Benign familial neonatal convulsions linked to genetic markers on chromosome 20
Leppert, M., Anderson, V. E., Quattlebaum, T., Stauffer, D., O'Connell, P., Nakamura, Y., Lalouel, J.-M., & White, R. (1989) · Nature · doi:10.1038/337647a0 · Cited by 366
Do Apgar scores indicate asphyxia?
SYKES, G. (1982) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(82)91462-3 · Cited by 363
Cited by
Two million intrapartum-related stillbirths and neonatal deaths: Where, why, and what can be done?
Lawn, J. E., Lee, A. C., Kinney, M., Sibley, L., Carlo, W. A., Paul, V. K., Pattinson, R., & Darmstadt, G. L. (2009) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1016/j.ijgo.2009.07.016 · Cited by 561
Diffusion tensor imaging of normal and injured developing human brain-a technical review
Neil, J., Miller, J., Mukherjee, P., & Hüppi, P. S. (2002) · NMR in Biomedicine · doi:10.1002/nbm.784 · Cited by 402
Clinical value of a single postnatal lactate measurement after intrapartum asphyxia
da Silva, S., Hennebert, N., Denis, R., & Wayenberg, J. (2000) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2000.tb01334.x · Cited by 115
Severe chronic morbidity following childbirth
Leung, T. Y., & Chung, T. K. H. (2009) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2009.01.002 · Cited by 15
Metadata
- Authors
- Nelson, K. B.
- Venue
- Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 1991-11-01
- Volume
- 145
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1325
- ISSN
- 1072-4710 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2156249921
- Cited by
- 284
- References
- 53
- FWCI
- 9.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: How Much of Neonatal Encephalopathy Is due to Birth Asphyxia? https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1001/archpedi.1991.02160110117034
- The paper
- Nelson, K. B. (1991). How Much of Neonatal Encephalopathy Is due to Birth Asphyxia? Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.1991.02160110117034
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
