The DOI matches its Crossref record; 5 of the 5 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A Self-Rating Depression Scale
Abstract
The fact that there is a need for assessing depression, whether as an affect, a symptom, or a disorder is obvious by the numerous scales and inventories available and in use today. The need to assess depression simply and specifically as a psychiatric disorder has not been met by most scales available today. We became acutely aware of this situation in a research project where we needed to correlate both the presence and severity of a depressive disorder in patients with other parameters such as arousal response during sleep and changes with treatment of the depressive disorder. It was felt that the general depression scales used were insufficient for our purpose and that the more specific scales were also inadequate. These inadequacies related to factors such as the length of a scale or inventory being too long and too time consuming, especially for a patient
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In the citing paper
“The ZUNG Depression Scale in Spanish was used [24]; during the COVID-19 pandemic, it was modified to evaluate depression. There are 20 items on this self-report measure, and they are both positive and negative. Its sensitivity and specificity are both above 80%, and its alpha coefficient is 0.09.”
From Comparative Analysis of Academic, Behavioral, and Psychophysiological Variables in Male and Female Vocational Training Students (2024) · cites this paper as [24]
In the citing paper
“Validated self-report questionnaires were used to assess psychopathology: Impact of Event Scale - Revised (IES-R) (Creamer et al., 2003), PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) (Armour et al., 2016), Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (ZSDS) (Zung, 1965), 13-item Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI-13) (Beck and Steer, 1984), State-Trait Anxiety Inventory form Y (STAI-Y) (Vigneau and Cormier, 2008), Women’s”
From Persistent psychopathology and neurocognitive impairment in COVID-19 survivors: effect of inflammatory biomarkers at three-month follow-up (2021) · cites this paper as Zung, 1965
Citations
Cites
An inventory for measuring depression
BECK, A. T. (1961) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004 · Cited by 38,032
Effect of Depressive Disorders on Sleep EEG Responses
Zung, W. W. K. (1964) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1964.01720230001001 · Cited by 88
Dimensions of manifest depression
Overall, J. E. (1962) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(62)90013-4 · Cited by 68
Characteristics and concomitants of mood fluctuation in college women.
Wessman, A. E., Ricks, D. F., & Tyl, M. M. (1960) · Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0048479 · Cited by 49
A battery of feeling and attitude scales for clinical use
Hildreth, H. M. (1946) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/1097-4679(194607)2:3 · Cited by 35
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
Radloff, L. S. (1977) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662167700100306 · Cited by 53,267
Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: a preliminary report
Yesavage, J. A., Brink, T. L., Rose, T. L., Lum, O., Huang, V., Adey, M., & Leirer, V. O. (1982) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(82)90033-4 · Cited by 15,025
Detection of Postnatal Depression: Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale
Cox, J. L., Holden, J. M., & Sagovsky, R. (1987) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.150.6.782 · Cited by 14,183
Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being.
Ryff, C. D. (1989) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069 · Cited by 14,847
Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348 · Cited by 11,929
Metadata
- Authors
- ZUNG, W. W. K.
- Affiliations
- Durham VA Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- ZUNG, WILLIAM W. K.
- Venue
- Archives of General Psychiatry
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 1965-01-01
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 63
- ISSN
- 0003-990X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2170332928
- Cited by
- 9,813
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 437 · 2025: 518 · 2024: 460 · 2023: 427 · 2022: 439 · 2021: 376 · 2020: 348 · 2019: 270 · 2018: 247 · 2017: 237 · 2016: 242 · 2015: 229 · 2014: 241 · 2013: 268 · 2012: 233
- FWCI
- 26.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Keywords
- Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale, depression assessment, depressive disorders, depression severity, mental health screening, treatment response monitoring
- MeSH terms
- Depression, Depressive Disorder, Diagnosis, Humans, Psychological Tests
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