Cited by 9,813Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychological Testing and AssessmentPsychometric Methodologies and Testing

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 5 of the 5 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

A Self-Rating Depression Scale

ZUNG, WILLIAM W. K.·1965·Archives of General Psychiatry

DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.1965.01720310065008

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The fact that there is a need for assessing depression, whether as an affect, a symptom, or a disorder is obvious by the numerous scales and inventories available and in use today. The need to assess depression simply and specifically as a psychiatric disorder has not been met by most scales available today. We became acutely aware of this situation in a research project where we needed to correlate both the presence and severity of a depressive disorder in patients with other parameters such as arousal response during sleep and changes with treatment of the depressive disorder. It was felt that the general depression scales used were insufficient for our purpose and that the more specific scales were also inadequate. These inadequacies related to factors such as the length of a scale or inventory being too long and too time consuming, especially for a patient

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1001/archpsyc.1965.01720310065008

Cites

5 of 5 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

An inventory for measuring depression
BECK, A. T. (1961) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004 · Cited by 38,032
Effect of Depressive Disorders on Sleep EEG Responses
Zung, W. W. K. (1964) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1964.01720230001001 · Cited by 88
Dimensions of manifest depression
Overall, J. E. (1962) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(62)90013-4 · Cited by 68
Characteristics and concomitants of mood fluctuation in college women.
Wessman, A. E., Ricks, D. F., & Tyl, M. M. (1960) · Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0048479 · Cited by 49
A battery of feeling and attitude scales for clinical use
Hildreth, H. M. (1946) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/1097-4679(194607)2:3 · Cited by 35

Show all 5 references

Sorted by citations

The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
Radloff, L. S. (1977) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662167700100306 · Cited by 53,267
Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: a preliminary report
Yesavage, J. A., Brink, T. L., Rose, T. L., Lum, O., Huang, V., Adey, M., & Leirer, V. O. (1982) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(82)90033-4 · Cited by 15,025
Detection of Postnatal Depression: Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale
Cox, J. L., Holden, J. M., & Sagovsky, R. (1987) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.150.6.782 · Cited by 14,183
Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being.
Ryff, C. D. (1989) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.1069 · Cited by 14,847
Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being.
Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348 · Cited by 11,929
Psychometric properties of the Beck Depression Inventory: Twenty-five years of evaluation
Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Carbin, M. G. (1988) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/0272-7358(88)90050-5 · Cited by 11,696
Short screening scales to monitor population prevalences and trends in non-specific psychological distress
KESSLER, R. C., ANDREWS, G., COLPE, L. J., HIRIPI, E., MROCZEK, D. K., NORMAND, S.-L. T., WALTERS, E. E., & ZASLAVSKY, A. M. (2002) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291702006074 · Cited by 10,327
Cognitive Therapy for Depression
(2012) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e675542012-001 · Cited by 9,678
The Development and Validation of a Scale to Measure Self-Compassion
NEFF, K. D. (2003) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298860309027 · Cited by 6,436
Cognitive Therapy of Depression
HOLLON, S. D., & BECK, A. T. (1979) · Cognitive-Behavioral Interventions · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-404480-7.50012-5 · Cited by 4,685
Negative affectivity: the disposition to experience aversive emotional states
Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (1984) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.96.3.465 · Cited by 4,636
Development and validation of a measure of emotional intelligence
Schutte, N. S., Malouff, J. M., Hall, L. E., Haggerty, D. J., Cooper, J. T., Golden, C. J., & Dornheim, L. (1998) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(98)00001-4 · Cited by 3,856
Conventional wisdom on measurement: A structural equation perspective.
Bollen, K., & Lennox, R. (1991) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.110.2.305 · Cited by 3,618
Tripartite model of anxiety and depression: psychometric evidence and taxonomic implications
Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1991) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.100.3.316 · Cited by 4,601
A Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ) and the role of fear-avoidance beliefs in chronic low back pain and disability.
Waddell, G., Newton, M., Henderson, I., Somerville, D., & Main, C. J. (1993) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(93)90127-b · Cited by 3,167
Diagnosis, management, and treatment of hepatitis C: An update # † ‡
Ghany, M. G., Strader, D. B., Thomas, D. L., & Seeff, L. B. (2008) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.22759 · Cited by 2,986
Cornell scale for depression in dementia
Alexopoulos, G. S., Abrams, R. C., Young, R. C., & Shamoian, C. A. (1988) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(88)90038-8 · Cited by 2,678
Long-term postoperative cognitive dysfunction in the elderly: ISPOCD1 study
Møller, J. T., Cluitmans, P. P., Rasmussen, L., Houx, P. J., Rasmussen, H., Canet, J., Rabbitt, P., Jolles, J., Larsen, K., Hanning, C. D., et al. (1998) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(97)07382-0 · Cited by 2,407
The use of coping strategies in chronic low back pain patients: Relationship to patient characteristics and current adjustment
Rosenstiel, A. K., & Keefe, F. J. (1983) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(83)90125-2 · Cited by 2,314
Multidimensional assessment of coping: a critical evaluation
Endler, N. S., & Parker, J. D. (1990) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.58.5.844 · Cited by 2,237
Social support and oxytocin interact to suppress cortisol and subjective responses to psychosocial stress
Heinrichs, M., Baumgartner, T., Kirschbaum, C., & Ehlert, U. (2003) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(03)00465-7 · Cited by 2,091
Clinical applications of visual analogue scales: a critical review
McCormack, H. M., Horne, D. J. D. L., & Sheather, S. J. (1988) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700009934 · Cited by 2,108
Sex differences in unipolar depression: Evidence and theory.
Nolen–Hoeksema, S. (1987) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.101.2.259 · Cited by 2,001
Predictors of Postpartum Depression
Beck, C. T. (2001) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/00006199-200109000-00004 · Cited by 1,960
Anxiety and depression in COVID-19 survivors: role of inflammatory and clinical predictors
Mazza, M. G., De Lorenzo, R., Conte, C., Poletti, S., Vai, B., Bollettini, I., Melloni, E. M. T., Furlan, R., Ciceri, F., Rovere-Querini, P., et al. (2020) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.07.037 · Cited by 1,804
Exploring compassion: A meta-analysis of the association between self-compassion and psychopathology
MacBeth, A., & Gumley, A. (2012) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2012.06.003 · Cited by 1,838
Case-finding instruments for depression: Two questions are as good as many
Whooley, M. A., Avins, A. L., Miranda, J., & Browner, W. S. (1997) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1525-1497.1997.00076.x · Cited by 1,826
Reliability and validity of the apathy evaluation scale
Marin, R. S., Biedrzycki, R. C., & Firinciogullari, S. (1991) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(91)90040-v · Cited by 1,805
Judgment of contingency in depressed and nondepressed students: Sadder but wiser?
Alloy, L. B., & Abramson, L. Y. (1979) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.108.4.441 · Cited by 1,692
The Longitudinal Interval Follow-up Evaluation: A Comprehensive Method for Assessing Outcome in Prospective Longitudinal Studies
Keller, M. B. (1987) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1987.01800180050009 · Cited by 1,643
The prediction of psychological and sociocultural adjustment during cross-cultural transitions
Searle, W., & Ward, C. A. (1990) · International Journal of Intercultural Relations · doi:10.1016/0147-1767(90)90030-z · Cited by 1,510
Depression in heart failure
Rutledge, T., Reis, V. A., Linke, S. E., Greenberg, B. H., & Mills, P. J. (2006) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2006.06.055 · Cited by 1,513
Depression and the response of others.
Coyne, J. C. (1976) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.85.2.186 · Cited by 1,464
The Experiences in Close Relationship Scale (ECR)-Short Form: Reliability, Validity, and Factor Structure
Wei, M., Russell, D. W., Mallinckrodt, B. S., & Vogel, D. L. (2007) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1080/00223890701268041 · Cited by 1,317
Pain assessment
Haefeli, M., & Elfering, A. (2005) · European Spine Journal · doi:10.1007/s00586-005-1044-x · Cited by 1,308
Testing for Factorial Invariance in the Context of Construct Validation
Dimitrov, D. M. (2010) · Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development · doi:10.1177/0748175610373459 · Cited by 1,275
Quality of life and diabetes
Rubin, R. R., & Peyrot, M. F. (1999) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-7560(199905/06)15:3 · Cited by 1,147
The relational-interdependent self-construal and relationships.
Cross, S. E., Bacon, P. L., & Morris, M. L. (2000) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.78.4.791 · Cited by 1,092
The measurement of sociocultural adaptation
Ward, C. A., & Kennedy, A. (1999) · International Journal of Intercultural Relations · doi:10.1016/s0147-1767(99)00014-0 · Cited by 1,089
The Revised Almost Perfect Scale
Slaney, R. B., Rice, K. G., Mobley, M., Trippi, J., & Ashby, J. S. (2001) · Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development · doi:10.1080/07481756.2002.12069030 · Cited by 1,087
The role of health care providers and significant others in evaluating the quality of life of patients with chronic disease: A review
Sprangers, M. A. G., & Aaronson, N. K. (1992) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(92)90052-o · Cited by 1,076
Chronic pain-associated depression: Antecedent or consequence of chronic pain? A review
Fishbain, D. A., Cutler, R., Rosomoff, H. L., & Rosomoff, R. S. (1997) · The Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/00002508-199706000-00006 · Cited by 1,074
Characterological versus behavioral self-blame: Inquiries into depression and rape.
Janoff‐Bulman, R. (1979) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.37.10.1798 · Cited by 1,082
Self-Rating Depression Scale in an Outpatient Clinic
Zung, W. W. K. (1965) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1965.01730060026004 · Cited by 1,075
FACTOR ANALYSIS AND PSYCHOMETRIC EVALUATION OF THE CONNOR-DAVIDSON RESILIENCE SCALE (CD-RISC) WITH CHINESE PEOPLE
Yu, N. X., & Zhang, J. (2006) · Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal · doi:10.2224/sbp.2007.35.1.19 · Cited by 1,072
NeuPSIG guidelines on neuropathic pain assessment
Haanpää, M., Attal, N., Backonja, M., Baron, R., Bennett, M., Bouhassira, D., Cruccu, G., Hansson, P., Haythornthwaite, J. A., Iannetti, G. D., et al. (2011) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2010.07.031 · Cited by 1,060
PROSPECTIVE DOUBLE-BLIND TRIAL OF DUODENAL ULCER RELAPSE AFTER ERADICATION OF CAMPYLOBACTER PYLORI
Marshall, B. J., Warren, J. R., Blincow, E., Phillips, M. R., Goodwin, C. S., Murray, R., Blackbourn, S., Waters, T. E., & Sanderson, C. (1988) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(88)90929-4 · Cited by 1,035
A meta-analysis of the trait resilience and mental health
Hu, T., Zhang, D., & Wang, J. (2015) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2014.11.039 · Cited by 1,131
The association of depression and anxiety with medical symptom burden in patients with chronic medical illness
Katon, W., Lin, E. H. B., & Kroenke, K. (2007) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2006.11.005 · Cited by 965
The sensitivity and specificity of the Major Depression Inventory, using the Present State Examination as the index of diagnostic validity
Bech, P., Rasmussen, N.-A., Olsen, L. R., Noerholm, V., & Abildgaard, W. (2001) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(00)00309-8 · Cited by 975
Sex Differences in Vulnerability to Undesirable Life Events
Kessler, R. C., & McLeod, J. D. (1984) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2095420 · Cited by 951
Mitoxantrone in progressive multiple sclerosis: a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomised, multicentre trial
Hartung, H., Gonsette, R. E., König, N., Kwieciński, H., Guseo, A., Morrissey, S., Krapf, H., & Zwingers, T. (2002) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(02)12023-x · Cited by 944
A Cross-Sectional Study
Drozdzowska, B., Pluskiewicz, W., Halaba, Z. P., Misiołek, H., & Beck, B. R. (2005) · Cited by 984
Frontline nurses’ burnout, anxiety, depression, and fear statuses and their associated factors during the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, China: A large-scale cross-sectional study
Hu, D., Kong, Y., Li, W., Han, Q., Zhang, X., Zhu, L. X., Wan, S. W., Liu, Z., Shen, Q., Yang, J., et al. (2020) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100424 · Cited by 936
Psychometric and Clinical Tests of Validity of the Japanese SF-36 Health Survey
Fukuhara, S., Ware, J. E., Kosinski, M. R., Wada, S., & Gandek, B. (1998) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(98)00096-1 · Cited by 934
The inventory for depressive symptomatology (IDS): Preliminary findings
Rush, A. J., Giles, D. E., Schlesser, M. A., Fulton, C. L., Weissenburger, J. E., & Burns, C. (1986) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(86)90060-0 · Cited by 908
Comparison of Prevalence and Associated Factors of Anxiety and Depression Among People Affected by versus People Unaffected by Quarantine During the COVID-19 Epidemic in Southwestern China
Lei, L., Huang, X., Zhang, S., Yang, J., Yang, L., & Xu, M. (2020) · Medical Science Monitor · doi:10.12659/msm.924609 · Cited by 871
Study on the public psychological states and its related factors during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in some regions of China
Wang, Y., Di, Y., Ye, J., & Wei, W. (2020) · Psychology Health & Medicine · doi:10.1080/13548506.2020.1746817 · Cited by 948
Development of the EURO–D scale – a European Union initiative to compare symptoms of depression in 14 European centres
Prince, M. J., Reischies, F. M., Beekman, A. T. F., Fuhrer, R., Jonker, C., Kivelä, S., LAWLOR, B. A., Lobo, A., Magnússon, H., Fichter, M. M., et al. (1999) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.174.4.330 · Cited by 889
Spinal Cord Stimulation in Patients with Chronic Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy
Kemler, M. A., Barendse, G. A. M., van Kleef, M., de Vet, H. C. W., Rijks, C. P. M., Furnee, C. A., & van den Wildenberg, F. A. J. M. (2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200008313430904 · Cited by 886
A Factor Analytic Study of the Boredom Proneness Scale
Vodanovich, S. J., & Kass, S. J. (1990) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa5501 · Cited by 873
THE VALIDITY OF DEPRESSIVE DISORDER IN CHILDHOOD AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF A SELF‐RATING SCALE: A RESEARCH REPORT
Birleson, P. (1981) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1981.tb00533.x · Cited by 859
Employee Positive Emotion and Favorable Outcomes at the Workplace
Staw, B. M., Sutton, R. I., & Pelled, L. H. (1994) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.5.1.51 · Cited by 858
Shame, guilt, and depressive symptoms: A meta-analytic review.
Kim, S., Thibodeau, R., & Jorgensen, R. S. (2011) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0021466 · Cited by 866
Linking Health-Status Measurements to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health
Cieza, A., Brockow, T., Ewert, T., Amman, E., Kollerits, B., Chatterji, S., Üstün, T. B., & Stucki, G. (2002) · Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.1080/165019702760279189 · Cited by 863
Meta-analysis of the factor structures of four depression questionnaires: Beck, CES-D, Hamilton, and Zung
Shafer, A. B. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.20213 · Cited by 837
Interpersonal relatedness and self-definition: Two prototypes for depression
Blatt, S. J., & Zuroff, D. C. (1992) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/0272-7358(92)90070-o · Cited by 847
A meta-analysis of the efficacy of cognitive therapy for depression.
Dobson, K. S. (1989) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.57.3.414 · Cited by 823
Childhood trauma associated with smaller hippocampal volume in women with major depression
Vythilingam, M., Heim, C., Newport, J., Miller, A. H., Anderson, E., Bronen, R., Brummer, M., Staib, L., Vermetten, E., Charney, D. S., et al. (2002) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.12.2072 · Cited by 812
DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS IN RELATION TO PHYSICAL HEALTH AND FUNCTIONING IN THE ELDERLY
Berkman, L. F., Berkman, C., Kasl, S. V., FREEMAN, D. H., Leo-Summers, L. S., Ostfeld, A. M., Cornoni‐Huntley, J. C., & Brody, J. A. (1986) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114408 · Cited by 812
Use of a self-report symptom scale to detect depression in a community sample
Myers, J. K., & Weissman, M. M. (1980) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.137.9.1081 · Cited by 777
The prevalence of depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbances in COVID-19 patients: a meta-analysis
Deng, J., Zhou, F., Hou, W., Silver, Z., Wong, C. Y., Chang, O., Huang, E., & Zuo, Q. K. (2021) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.14506 · Cited by 771
Health and Function of Patients With Untreated Idiopathic Scoliosis
Weinstein, S. L., Dolan, L. A., Spratt, K. F., Peterson, K. K., Spoonamore, M. J., & Ponseti, I. V. (2003) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.289.5.559 · Cited by 773
Acculturation strategies, psychological adjustment, and sociocultural competence during cross-cultural transitions
Ward, C. A., & Kennedy, A. (1994) · International Journal of Intercultural Relations · doi:10.1016/0147-1767(94)90036-1 · Cited by 763
Prediction of Suicide in Psychiatric Patients
Pokorny, A. D. (1983) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1983.01790030019002 · Cited by 749
Acculturation and Adaptation Revisited
Ward, C. A., & Rana-Deuba, A. (1999) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022022199030004003 · Cited by 730
Treatment of Endogenous Anxiety With Phobic, Hysterical, and Hypochondriacal Symptoms
Sheehan, D. V. (1980) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1980.01780140053006 · Cited by 728
The effect of unemployment on mental health
Murphy, G. C., & Athanasou, J. A. (1999) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1348/096317999166518 · Cited by 724
Anxiety and Depression in COPD
Maurer, J., Rebbapragada, V., Borson, S., Goldstein, R., Kunik, M. E., Yohannes, A. M., & Hanania, N. A. (2008) · Chest · doi:10.1378/chest.08-0342 · Cited by 720
Symptoms of depression in two communities
Comstock, G. W., & Helsing, K. J. (1977) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700018171 · Cited by 710
A new self‐rating scale for depression and anxiety states based on the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale
Svanborg, P., & Åsberg, M. (1994) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1994.tb01480.x · Cited by 693
Savoring Beliefs Inventory (SBI): A scale for measuring beliefs about savouring
Bryant, F. (2003) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/0963823031000103489 · Cited by 697
Depression rating scales in Parkinson's disease: Critique and recommendations
Schrag, A. E., Barone, P., Brown, R. G., Leentjens, A. F. G., McDonald, W. M., STARKSTEIN, S. E., Weintraub, D. A., Poewe, W. H., Rascol, O., Sampaio, C., et al. (2007) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.21333 · Cited by 690
Elevated cerebrospinal fluid levels of substance p in patients with the fibromyalgia syndrome
Russell, I. J., Orr, M. D., Littman, B., Vipraio, G. A., Alboukrek, D., Michalek, J. E., Lopez, Y., & Mackillip, F. (1994) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.1780371106 · Cited by 679
Relationship of depression to diabetes types 1 and 2: epidemiology, biology, and treatment
Musselman, D. L., Betan, E. J., Larsen, H., & Phillips, L. S. (2003) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(03)00569-9 · Cited by 687
Psychotherapy for the treatment of depression: a comprehensive review of controlled outcome research.
Robinson, L. A., Berman, J., & Neimeyer, R. (1990) · Psychological bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.108.1.30 · Cited by 691
Epidemiology of depression in primary care
Katon, W. J., & Schulberg, H. C. (1992) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0163-8343(92)90094-q · Cited by 664
The 52 symptoms of major depression: lack of content overlap among seven common depression scales
Fried, E. I. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.10.019 · Cited by 649
Screening for dementia with the Memory Impairment Screen
Herman Buschke, L., Kuslansky, G., Katz, M., Stewart, W. F., Sliwinski, M. J., Eckholdt, H., & Lipton, R. B. (1999) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.52.2.231 · Cited by 666
Guidelines for improving the care of the older person with diabetes mellitus
California Healthcare Foundation/American Geriatrics Society, C. (2003) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1046/j.1532-5415.51.5s.1.x · Cited by 651
Dealing with missing data in a multi-question depression scale: a comparison of imputation methods
Shrive, F. M., Stuart, H., Quan, H., & Ghali, W. A. (2006) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/1471-2288-6-57 · Cited by 650
Screening performance of K6/K10 and other screening instruments for mood and anxiety disorders in Japan
Sakurai, K., Nishi, A., Kondo, K., Yanagida, K., & Kawakami, N. (2011) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2011.02236.x · Cited by 649
Documentation of Affective Functioning Measures in the Health and Retirement Study
Steffick, D. (2000) · doi:10.7826/isr-um.06.585031.001.05.0005.2000 · Cited by 476
Review of 99 self-report measures for assessing well-being in adults: exploring dimensions of well-being and developments over time
Linton, M.-J., Dieppe, P., & Medina-Lara, A. (2016) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010641 · Cited by 638
Epidemiology of dysphoria and depression in an elderly population
Blazer, D. G., & Williams, C. (1980) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.137.4.439 · Cited by 638
The Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER): Study design and progress
Kivipelto, M., Solomon, A., Ahtiluoto, S., Ngandu, T., Lehtisalo, J., Antikainen, R., Bäckman, L., Hänninen, T., Jula, A., Laatikainen, T., et al. (2013) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2012.09.012 · Cited by 589
The effects of maternal depression on children
Gelfand, D. M. (1990) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/0272-7358(90)90065-i · Cited by 601
The SF-36 Health Survey: Development and Use in Mental Health Research and the IQOLA Project
Ware, J. E., & Gandek, B. (1994) · International Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/00207411.1994.11449283 · Cited by 599
Profiles of adolescent stress: The development of the adolescent stress questionnaire (ASQ)
Byrne, D. G., Davenport, S. C., & Mazanov, J. (2006) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2006.04.004 · Cited by 654
Sexual and physical abuse in childhood is associated with depression and anxiety over the life course: systematic review and meta-analysis
Lindert, J., Ehrenstein, O. S. V., Grashow, R. G., Gal, G., Brähler, E., & Weisskopf, M. G. (2013) · International Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/s00038-013-0519-5 · Cited by 637

Authors: ZUNG, W. W. K.
Affiliations: Durham VA Medical Center (US)
Corresponding author: ZUNG, WILLIAM W. K.
Venue: Archives of General Psychiatry
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 1965-01-01
Volume: 12
Issue: 1
Pages: 63
ISSN: 0003-990X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1965.01720310065008
OpenAlex: W2170332928
Cited by: 9,813
References: 5
Citations by year: 2026: 437 · 2025: 518 · 2024: 460 · 2023: 427 · 2022: 439 · 2021: 376 · 2020: 348 · 2019: 270 · 2018: 247 · 2017: 237 · 2016: 242 · 2015: 229 · 2014: 241 · 2013: 268 · 2012: 233
FWCI: 26.19
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Keywords: Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale, depression assessment, depressive disorders, depression severity, mental health screening, treatment response monitoring
MeSH terms: Depression, Depressive Disorder, Diagnosis, Humans, Psychological Tests

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

A Self-Rating Depression Scale

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks