Cited by 882Substance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesChild Welfare and AdoptionPrenatal Substance Exposure Effects

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 18 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Alcohol Problems in Adoptees Raised Apart From Alcoholic Biological Parents

Goodwin, Donald W.·1973·Archives of General Psychiatry

DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.1973.01750320068011

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Drinking practices and problems, plus a wide range of other life experiences, were studied in a group of 55 men who had been separated from their biological parents early in life where one parent had a hospital diagnosis of alcoholism. Compared to a matched control group of adoptees, significantly more of them had a history of drinking problems and psychiatric treatment. The two groups did not differ with regard to other forms of psychopathology, such as depression or character disorders. Children of alcoholics had three times the divorce rate of the controls. Apart from alcohol problems and divorce, the two groups did not differ significantly with regard to any other variable studied. The adoptive parents of index and control subjects were of similar socioeconomic class and had similar rates of alcoholism and other psychiatric disorders. These findings suggest that genetic factors may play a role in the development of alcohol problems.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1001/archpsyc.1973.01750320068011

Cites

18 of 18 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Diagnostic criteria for use in psychiatric research.
Feighner, J. P., Robins, E., Guze, S. B., Woodruff, R. A., Winokur, G., & Munoz, R. A. (1972) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1972.01750190059011 · Cited by 5,491
The types and prevalence of mental illness in the biological and adoptive families of adopted schizophrenics
Kety, S. S., Rosenthal, D., Wender, P. H., & D, F. S. M. (1968) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(68)90026-5 · Cited by 715
A Study of Alcoholism in Half Siblings
Schuckit, M. A., Goodwin, D. A., & Winokur, G. (1972) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.128.9.1132 · Cited by 336
Self-citation
Prestige, Class, and Mobility.
Sorokin, P. A., & Svalastoga, K. (1961) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2090520 · Cited by 316
Alcoholism
Winokur, G. (1970) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1970.01750020008002 · Cited by 309
Is Alcoholism Hereditary?
Goodwin, D. W. (1971) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1971.01750180065011 · Cited by 281
Self-citation
A Study in Alcoholism: Clinical, Social-Psychiatric and Genetic Investigations
AMARK, C. (1951) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1951.03670290090039 · Cited by 100
Demographische und psychiatrische Untersuchungen in der engeren biologischen Familie von Paralytikerehegatten
Luxenburger, H. (1928) · Zeitschrift für die gesamte Neurologie und Psychiatrie · doi:10.1007/bf02863904 · Cited by 77
Genetic-Statistical and Psychiatric Investigations of a West Swedish Population
(1953) · AIBS Bulletin · doi:10.1093/aibsbulletin/3.2.15 · Cited by 49
THE INCIDENCE OF MENTAL DISORDER
Slater, E. T. O. (1935) · Annals of Eugenics · doi:10.1111/j.1469-1809.1935.tb02226.x · Cited by 44

Show all 18 references

Sorted by citations

Items 701–800 of 878

Implications of Psychopharmacogenetics Research
KALOW, W., & LeBlanc, A. E. (1975) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-7697-6_4 · Cited by 3
Toward a rational selection of treatment for addiction
O’Brien, C. P. (2007) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-007-0058-y · Cited by 2
Genetics of alcohol use disorder
Sorcher, J. L., & Lohoff, F. W. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813176-3.00013-4 · Cited by 2
The Genetics of Alcohol Use Disorder
Wagner, J., Bell, A. S., Jung, J., & Lohoff, F. W. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-32483-3_32 · Cited by 2
The Genetics of Alcoholism
Miller, N. S. (1991) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-3044-1_5 · Cited by 2
Etiología del consumo de alcohol en la adolescencia: análisis de diversos enfoques y teorías
Senra, M. (2014) · REOP - Revista Española de Orientación y Psicopedagogía · doi:10.5944/reop.vol.14.num.1.2003.11606 · Cited by 2
Estudio sobre la implicación de las familias en el desarrollo de los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje
López-Barajas, D. M. (2014) · REOP - Revista Española de Orientación y Psicopedagogía · doi:10.5944/reop.vol.14.num.1.2003.11605 · Cited by 2
History and Overview of the Prevention of Alcohol Abuse
Nirenberg, T. D., & Miller, P. M. (1984) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-2657-1_1 · Cited by 2
Variants of Alcoholism: Patterns in Development, Course, and Prognosisa
Vrublevsky, A. G. (1994) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb24700.x · Cited by 2
FAMILIAL RESEMBLANCE OF ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION LEVELS IN JEWISH FAMILIES
Neumark, Y. D., & Friedlander, Y. (1998) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/33.5.509 · Cited by 2
The Disease Model of Alcoholism Revisited: Why People Drink
Niedermayer, D. (1990) · Cited by 2
Family and Adoption Studies of Substance Use
Stallings, M. C., Kent, K. R., & Frieser, M. J. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-95350-8_5 · Cited by 3
Alcohol Use and Alcohol Use Disorders
Sher, K. J., Martinez, J. A., & Littlefield, A. K. (2014) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199328710.013.004 · Cited by 2
Case-only exome variation analysis of severe alcohol dependence using a multivariate hierarchical gene clustering approach
Gentry, A. E., Alexander, J. C., Ahangari, M. M., Peterson, R. E., Miles, M. F., Bettinger, J. C., Davies, A. G., Groteweil, M., Bacanu, S., Kendler, K. S., et al. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0283985 · Cited by 2
Research Designs for Family Studies
Vanyukov, M. M., Moss, H. B., & Tarter, R. E. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/0-387-35408-5_25 · Cited by 2
Genetic Analysis of a Population Heavy Drinking Phenotype Identifies Risk Variants in Whites
Hamidovic, A., Goodloe, R., Young, T., Styn, M. A., Mukamal, K. J., Choquet, H., Kasberger, J., Buxbaum, S. G., Papanicolaou, G., White, W., et al. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/jcp.0b013e318287009a · Cited by 2
Alcoholism and Gun Control
el‐Guebaly, N., & Lee, M. (1977) · Canadian Psychiatric Association Journal · doi:10.1177/070674377702200509 · Cited by 2
Children of alcoholics: young — adolescent — adult
Black, C. (1983) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-6607-9_35 · Cited by 2
Critical Explanations—Biological, Psychological, and Social—of Drinking Patterns and Problems from the Alcohol-Related Longitudinal Literature
Fillmore, K. M. (1990) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-1669-3_2 · Cited by 2
Untersuchung biologischer Marker des Alkoholismus
Schmidt, L., Otto, M., Sachs‐Ericsson, N., Kreutzberg, K., Platz, W. E., & Rommelspacher, H. (1991) · Suchtproblematik · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-95644-7_8 · Cited by 2
Epidemiology and Risk Factors Involved in Alcoholic Liver Disease
Becker, U. (2005) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012564370-2/50038-6 · Cited by 2
A participação da genética nas dependências químicas
Messas, G. P. (1999) · Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1590/s1516-44461999000600010 · Cited by 2
Selection against genetic defects in semen donors
Smith, P. (1984) · Clinical Genetics · doi:10.1111/j.1399-0004.1984.tb00798.x · Cited by 2
Collaborative investigation of adult children of alcoholics with anxiety
Haack, M. R. (1990) · Archives of Psychiatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/s0883-9417(05)80012-3 · Cited by 2
Potenciales evocados como marcadores de riesgo para el alcoholismo
Corominas-Roso, M., Cadaveira, F., Turet, M. S., & Fonollosa, C. G. (1991) · Anuario de Psicología/The UB Journal of Psychology · Cited by 2
Psychiatrie, Morphologie und verhaltensgenetik
Zerbin-Rüdin, E. (1976) · European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.1007/bf00418483 · Cited by 2
Racial differences in hospitalization rates among navy enlisted men.
Hoiberg, A., Berard, S., & Ernst, J. (1981) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 2
How important are genetic influences on alcohol dependence?
(1977) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.2.6099.1371 · Cited by 2
The Role of the Primary Care Practitioner in the Diagnosis and Management of Substance Abuse
Comerci, G. D. (1990) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-0465-7_2 · Cited by 2
Are boys more vulnerable than girls in alcoholic families?
auutzeil, S. M. (1995) · Early Child Development and Care · doi:10.1080/0300443951050106 · Cited by 2
Genetics of Alcoholism
Cox, W. M., & Klinger, E. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-93928-1_4 · Cited by 1
Family Influences in Addiction: A Review of Research and Implications for Treatment
Cook, L. S. (1999) · Journal of Addictions Nursing · doi:10.3109/10884609909041546 · Cited by 1
Polymorphisms of Alcohol and Aldehyde Dehydrogenases and Their Significance for Alcohol Liver Diseases
Yoshida, A., & Shibuya, A. (1991) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-0421-3_17 · Cited by 1
Balancing Environmental and Genetic Factors for Alcoholism in the Black Community: Implications for Social Work Practice
Snell, C. L., & Guyot, J. (2011) · Social Work in Public Health · doi:10.1080/19371918.2011.579493 · Cited by 1
Nursing Students with Alcoholic Fathers: Alcohol Consumption and Depressive Symptoms
Haack, M. R., & Harford, T. C. (1988) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.3109/01612848809140922 · Cited by 1
Opening Remarks
Rosenberg, G. (1994) · Social Work in Health Care · doi:10.1300/j010v20n01_01 · Cited by 1
Störungen durch Alkohol
Kiefer, F., & Soyka, M. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-03637-8_49 · Cited by 2
From Linkage to GWAS: A Multifaceted Exploration of the Genetic Risk for Alcohol Dependence
Adkins, A. E. (2012) · VCU Scholars Compass (Virginia Commonwealth University) · doi:10.25772/cpqn-8g96 · Cited by 1
Addictive Disorders
Hill, S. Y. (2000) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012288145-9/50095-4 · Cited by 1
Prevention of High-Risk Behaviors: Adolescent Substance Use, Adolescent Psychoactive Substance Use Disorders, and Suicide
Kaminer, Y. (1994) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9009-2_9 · Cited by 1
A genome-wide association study of alcohol
Bierut, J., Arpana Agrawal, A., Bucholz, K. K., Doheny, K. F., Laurie, C. C., Pugh, E., Fisher, S. L., Fox, L. W., Howells, W. A. B., Bertelsen, S. E., et al. (2010) · Cited by 1
The Quest of Candidate Gene in Alcohol Dependence
Lee, S.-Y., Chang, Y.-H., & Lu, R. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800213-1.00050-x · Cited by 1
Alcohol misuse
WINSTOCK, A. R., & Reed, K. (2012) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-3397-1.00028-8 · Cited by 1
Substance Use Disorders: A Biopsychosocial Perspective
Duncan, P. M. (2020) · ODU Digital Commons (Old Dominion University) · Cited by 1
The Biological and Social Character of Drug Dependence (Drogenabhängigkeit)
BEJEROT, N. (1975) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-66047-4_16 · Cited by 1
Childhood Temperament as a Predictor of Substance Use in Early Adolescence
Thomas, C. A. (2006) · D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh) · Cited by 1
Psychoactive Substance Use Disorders
Langenbucher, J. W., & Nathan, P. E. (1991) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9715-2_8 · Cited by 1
Alcoholism. Earlier diagnosis and definition of the problem.
Girard, D. E., & Carlton, B. E. (1978) · PubMed Central · Cited by 1
Statistical versus Clinical Significance in Research with the MMPI
Holmes, C. B., Kixmiller, J. S., & Larsen, R. K. (1989) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1989.64.1.159 · Cited by 1
Aplicaciones del metodo de casos y controles en epidemiologia genetica
Beaty, T. H., & Khoury, M. J. (1996) · Cited by 1
The Genetic Basis of Substance Use and Abuse1
Jacobson, K. C. (2005) · KARGER eBooks · doi:10.1159/000085853 · Cited by 1
Dependence-Producing Effects and Alcohol Dependence Syndrome
Chruściel, T. (1982) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-67770-0_12 · Cited by 1
Analyzing the effects of father's antisocial behavior on mothers and children: a longitudinal study of single-parent families
Fisher, M. R. (1997) · doi:10.31274/rtd-180813-10759 · Cited by 1
THE RELATIONSHIP OF PLATELET MAO ACTIVITY TO PSYCHOLOGICAL VARIABLES UNDERLYING PSYCHIATRIC DIAGNOSES
Coursey, R. D., & Buchsbaum, M. S. (1982) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-027987-9.50016-0 · Cited by 1
Self-esteem, depression and drinking in college
Fisher, M. R. (1990) · doi:10.31274/rtd-180813-7503 · Cited by 1
État de stress post-traumatique comorbide, facteurs de risque et de protection parmi des individus itinérants en traitement pour des troubles liés à l’utilisation de substances
Lalonde, F. (2010) · doi:10.71781/17994 · Cited by 1
The Aetiology of Dependency
Seixas, F. A. (1977) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-2337-2_19 · Cited by 1
Genetik und pränatale Einflüsse
Zerbin-Rüdin, E. (1986) · Suchtproblematik · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-82751-8_13 · Cited by 1
A School Program for Children of Alcoholics
Lehr, K. W., & Schrock, M. M. (1987) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/j.1746-1561.1987.tb03218.x · Cited by 1
Acetylation Phenotype in Abstinent Alcoholics
Guthrie, S. K., Lane, E. A., & Linnoila, M. (1989) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1989.tb00285.x · Cited by 1
A community based approach to clinical services for children of substance abusers
Levy, A. J. (1994) · Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/bf01875873 · Cited by 1
The diagnosis of drug dependence by primary care providers
Shine, D. (1991) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/bf02599255 · Cited by 1
Behavior Patterns in Families of Boys with Learning and Behavior Problems
Idol‐Maestas, L. (1981) · Journal of Learning Disabilities · doi:10.1177/002221948101400616 · Cited by 1
Development of an animal model of alcohol dependence
Wilson, J. R. M. (1985) · Biodemography and Social Biology · doi:10.1080/19485565.1985.9988611 · Cited by 1
Alcoholism: A Genetic Disorder?
Whitlock, F. A. (1975) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/00048677509159813 · Cited by 1
BORN TO DRINK?
Todd, J. (1979) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(79)90617-2 · Cited by 1
No allelic association of an exon 13 polymorphism of the Gsα gene to alcohol and/or drug dependence
Kranzler, H. R., McCaul, M. E., Gelernter, J. E., & Wand, G. S. (1997) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1080/13556219772606 · Cited by 1
The Outbreeding of Alcoholism
Carpenter, M. A., & Ewing, J. A. (1989) · The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse · doi:10.3109/00952998908993402 · Cited by 1
Moderators of the association between marijuana and other drugs
Bergman, M. (2004) · Texas ScholarWorks (Texas Digital Library) · Cited by 1
Activities and Prospects of RSA: Personal Viewpoints of a Member
Li, T. (1982) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1982.tb05006.x · Cited by 1
Nature-Nurture Interactions in Alcoholism Twin, Adoption, and High-Risk Studies
Knop, J. (1989) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/08039488909101965 · Cited by 1
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HOUSING AND PROBLEMATIC DRUG USE: A STUDY OF THREE AREAS IN THE NORTH OF ENGLAND
Clare, P. (2006) · Cited by 1
Some Facets of the Epidemiology of Alcoholism
Kessel, N. (1982) · Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London · doi:10.1016/s0035-8819(25)02684-4 · Cited by 1
Evidence for Controlled Drinking in Diagnosed Alcoholics: A Critical Analysis of the Goodwin Et Al. Adoption Study
Ward, D. A. (1978) · Journal of Drug Issues · doi:10.1177/002204267800800403 · Cited by 1
A French family study of two groups of alcoholic men
Amiel-Lebigre, F., Duyme, M., & Tordjman, S. (1992) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1017/s0924933800003308 · Cited by 1
References
(1981) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1981.tb15157.x · Cited by 1
Article
Knop, J. (1989) · Alkoholpolitik Tidskrift för nordisk alkoholforskning (Alcohol Policy – Journal for Nordic Alcohol Research) · doi:10.1177/145507258900600402 · Cited by 1
Alcoholism
Cook, B. L., Garvey, M. J., & Shukla, S. (1987) · Primary Care Clinics in Office Practice · doi:10.1016/s0095-4543(21)01038-1 · Cited by 1
Promoting the Healthy Development of Children Whose Parents Are Alcoholic/Drug Dependent
Jacobus‐Kantor, L., Emshoff, J. G., & Johnson, J. L. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-5999-6_110 · Cited by 1
A
Considine, D. M., & Considine, G. D. (1982) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-8511-0_1 · Cited by 1
Alcohol problems
CROME, I. B., & Bloor, R. N. (2008) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511544125.011 · Cited by 1
Das Bedingungsgefüge süchtigen Verhaltens
Tretter, F. (1994) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-78778-2_2
Biological Predictors of Problem Drinking
Goodwin, D. W. (1984) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-2657-1_4
Self-citation
Etiology and Pathogenesis of Adolescent Substance Use and Adolescent Psychoactive Substance Use Disorders
Kaminer, Y. (1994) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-9009-2_4
A rodent model of phenotypic variation in sweet preference, addiction vulnerability, and pharmacological treatment sensitivity
Holtz, N. A. (2013) · University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy (University of Minnesota)
Alcoholism as a discrete personality variable| Implications for its heritability and treatment
Dana, D., & Walsh, J. A. (1987) · The Mathematics Enthusiast
Autism and Asperger's Spectrum Disorders
Hertzman, M. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470749180.ch14
Power, control and empowerment in alcohol and other drug treatment
Curtis, J. (2002) · Research Online (University of Wollongong)
From genes to therapy: A study on how genetics can help identifying novel targets for alcohol dependence
Kops, M. S. (2009) · Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University)
The Effect of Genetic and Environmental Stress Factors on Alcohol Consumption in Rats
Pryor, S. E. (1992) · The Keep (Eastern Illinois University)
Transcriptional regulation of the human alcohol dehydrogenases and alcoholism
Pochareddy, S. (2011) · IUScholarWorks (Indiana University) · doi:10.7912/c2/1819
The physician in the alcoholism treatment center
Seixas, F. A. (1981) · New Directions for Mental Health Services · doi:10.1002/yd.23319811006
C. SOME GENETIC ASPECTS OF ALCOHOLISM:AN ADOPTEE STUDY
Bohman, M. (1981) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1981.tb04929.x
Myths and facts about alcoholism: Pastoral implications
Cavanagh, M. E. (1991) · Pastoral Psychology · doi:10.1007/bf01040489
Disease Concept and Spirituality
O'Brien, R. Y. (1995) · Journal of Ministry in Addiction & Recovery · doi:10.1300/j048v02n02_02
CONTRIBUTIONS TO UNDERSTANDING AND TREATING ALCOHOLICS*
Barry, H. (1976) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1976.tb52915.x
Alcoholism
Levin, J. D. (2010) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511782107.013
A Psychiatric View of Substance Dependency
Madden, J. S. (1977) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-2337-2_13
Heredity and the Human Condition: A Study of 20th Century Genetic Accounts of Alcoholism
Russell, M. C. (2002)
EFFECTS OF SEROTONIN TRANSPORTER PROMOTER POLYMORPHISM (5-HTTLPR) AND NEUROPEPTIDE Y GENE VARIANTS ON ALCOHOL USE IN YOUNG ADULTS
Vaht, M. (2012)

Authors: Goodwin, D. W.
Corresponding author: Goodwin, Donald W.
Venue: Archives of General Psychiatry
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 1973-02-01
Volume: 28
Issue: 2
Pages: 238
ISSN: 0003-990X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1973.01750320068011
OpenAlex: W2053806428
Cited by: 882
References: 18
Citations by year: 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 26.31
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Child Welfare and Adoption
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
Keywords: alcoholism, adopted children, children of alcoholics, drinking problems, divorce, psychiatric treatment, genetic factors, psychopathology, depression, personality disorders
MeSH terms: Adoption, Adult, Age Factors, Alcohol Drinking, Alcoholism, Mental Disorders, Denmark, Depression, Divorce, Educational Status, Family Characteristics, Female, Hospitalization, Hospitals, Psychiatric, Humans, Male, Personality Disorders, Records, Social Class

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Alcohol Problems in Adoptees Raised Apart From Alcoholic Biological Parents

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks