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Sequence and Stages in Patterns of Adolescent Drug Use
Abstract
Two prospective longitudinal surveys based on New York State high school students indicate well-defined steps underlying adolescent progression and regression in drug use. At least four stages of involvement with drugs can be identified: (1) beer or wine; (2) cigarettes or hard liquor; (3) marijuana; and (4) other illcit drugs. Two stages of legal drugs are necessary intermediates between nonuse and marijuana. Very few youths progress to other illicit drugs without prior experience with marijuana. This sequence is found in each year of high school in the year following graduation. Progression to a higher-ranked drug is directly related to intensity of use at the prior stage. The identification of stages in drug behavior has implications regarding the optimum strategy for studying factors that predict, differentiate, or result from drug use.
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Citations
Cited by
Kandel, D. B., Yamaguchi, K., & Chen, K. (1992) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol · doi:10.15288/jsa.1992.53.447 · Cited by 1,039
Self-citationDrug and Drinking Behavior Among Youth
Kandel, D. B. (1980) · Annual Review of Sociology · doi:10.1146/annurev.so.06.080180.001315 · Cited by 710
Self-citationWhat predicts incident use of cannabis and progression to abuse and dependence?
von Sydow, K., Lieb, R., Pfister, H., Höfler, M., & Wittchen, H.-U. (2002) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(02)00102-3 · Cited by 301
Degenhardt, L., Dierker, L., Chiu, W. T., Medina-Mora, M. E., Neumark, Y., Sampson, N., Alonso, J., Angermeyer, M., Anthony, J. C., Bruffaerts, R., et al. (2010) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.12.001 · Cited by 271
Evidence for the Risks and Consequences of Adolescent Cannabis Exposure
Levine, A., Clemenza, K., Rynn, M., & Lieberman, J. (2017) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2016.12.014 · Cited by 239
Metadata
- Authors
- Kandel, D.
- Venue
- Archives of General Psychiatry
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 1975-07-01
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 923
- ISSN
- 0003-990X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2050369336
- Cited by
- 477
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 9.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Kandel, D. (1975). Sequence and Stages in Patterns of Adolescent Drug Use. Archives of General Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1975.01760250115013
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
