Cited by 1,039Substance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesYouth, Drugs, and ViolenceOpioid Use Disorder Treatment

Stages of progression in drug involvement from adolescence to adulthood: further evidence for the gateway theory.

Kandel, D B, Yamaguchi, K, Chen, K·1992·Journal of Studies on Alcohol

Abstract

Sequential stages of involvement in alcohol and/or cigarettes, marijuana, other illicit drugs and medically prescribed psychoactive drugs from adolescence to adulthood are investigated in a longitudinal cohort that has been followed from ages 15 to 35. Alternative models of progression are tested for their goodness of fit. Four stages are identified: that of legal drugs, alcohol or cigarettes; marijuana; illicit drugs other than marijuana; and medically prescribed drugs. Whereas progression to illicit drugs among men is dependent upon prior use of alcohol, among women either cigarettes or alcohol is a sufficient condition for progression to marijuana. Age of onset and frequency of use at a lower stage of drug use are strong predictors of further progression.

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Registry

Crossref · 10.15288/jsa.1992.53.447

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1 of 1 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • Epidemiological data suggest that tobacco acts as a 'gateway' to subsequent substance abuse.

    “Although epidemiological data suggest that tobacco acts as a ‘gateway’ to subsequent substance abuse (Kandel et al. 1992; Lai et al. 2000; Degenhardt et al. 2010), it is not clear from human studies whether this reflects social influences or a drug effect (Lindsay & Rainey, 1997; Anthony, 2012).”

    From <scp>N</scp> icotine and the adolescent brain (2015) · cites this paper as Kandel et al. 1992

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Authors
Kandel, D. B., Yamaguchi, K., & Chen, K.
Affiliations
Columbia University (US)
Venue
Journal of Studies on Alcohol
Published
1992-09
Volume
53
Issue
5
Pages
447-457
ISSN
  • 0096-882X (ISSN-L)
  • 1934-2683
OpenAlex
W2161886949
Cited by
1,039
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 51 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 38 · 2012: 34
FWCI
13.49
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Studies on Alcohol (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health (2r01da003196-05, 5r01da002867-06)
  • National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA03196, DA 01097, DA02867)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
  • Social Sciences › Demography › Youth, Drugs, and Violence
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
Keywords
gateway theory, adolescent drug use, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, cannabis use, illicit drug use, prescription drug use, sex differences, age of onset, longitudinal cohort
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Female, Humans, Male, Illicit Drugs, Cohort Studies, Substance-Related Disorders

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