The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Changes in Prevalence, Severity, and Recovery in Tardive Dyskinesia With Age
Abstract
Advancing age is one of the few factors suggested to predict increased risk of tardive dyskinesias (TDs). By pooling and reanalyzing available epidemiological data, we found strong linear correlations between ages (< 40 to 70 years) and both the prevalences and severity of TD, while neither increased significantly after age 70 years. There was also a strong inverse correlation between rates of spontaneous remission of TD and age (< 30 to > 80 years); TD in those younger than 60 years improved over three times as often as in older patients. These correlations are not readily explained by the duration of previous exposure to neuroleptic drugs and may reflect increased sensitivity of the aging brain to them. These observations support caution in the prolonged use of neuroleptics in patients older than age 50 years but encourage optimism for eventual spontaneous remission of TD in young adults.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Applied Nonparametric Statistics
Wozniak, P. J., & Daniel, W. W. (1991) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1268795 · Cited by 4,987
A Survey of Drug-Induced Extrapyramidal Reactions
Ayd, F. J. (1961) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1961.03040120016004 · Cited by 753
Aging and Extrapyramidal Function
McGeer, P. L., McGeer, E. G., & Suzuki, J. S. (1977) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1977.00500130053010 · Cited by 647
Catecholamine metabolism in the brains of ageing male mice
Finch, C. E. (1973) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(73)90663-x · Cited by 345
Central neurotransmitters and aging
Pradhan, S. N. (1980) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/0024-3205(80)90172-1 · Cited by 295
Relation of Sex and Aging to Monoamine Oxidase Activity of Human Brain, Plasma, and Platelets
Robinson, D. S. (1971) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1971.01750120052009 · Cited by 287
NEUROLOGICAL SYMPTOMS IN PHARMAGOTHERAPY OF PSYCHOSES
Faurbye, A., Rasch, P. ‐., Petersen, P. B., &, G. B., & Pakkenberg, H. (1964) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1964.tb05731.x · Cited by 262
Uhrbrand, L., & Faurbye, A. (1960) · Psychopharmacologia · doi:10.1007/bf00441188 · Cited by 229
The Pathophysiologic Basis of Tardive Dyskinesia
Baldessarini, R. J., & Tarsy, D. (1980) · Tardive Dyskinesia · doi:10.1007/978-94-011-6381-1_17 · Cited by 194
Withdrawal syndromes associated with antipsychotic drugs
(1978) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.135.11.1321 · Cited by 191
Cited by
Satz, P. (1993) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037//0894-4105.7.3.273 · Cited by 850
Tardive Dyskinesia: Prevalence and Risk Factors, 1959 to 1979
Kane, J. M. (1982) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1982.04290040069010 · Cited by 656
Management of drug therapy in the elderly
Desforges, J. F., Montamat, S. C., Cusack, B. J., & Vestal, R. E. (1989) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198908033210507 · Cited by 388
Browne, S., Roe, M., Lane, A., Gervin, M., Morris, M., Kinsella, A., Larkin, C., & O'Callaghan, E. (1996) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1996.tb09835.x · Cited by 332
(1997) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.154.9.1248 · Cited by 280
Metadata
- Authors
- Smith, J. M.
- Venue
- Archives of General Psychiatry
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 1980-12-01
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1368
- ISSN
- 0003-990X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2043778391
- Cited by
- 310
- References
- 34
- FWCI
- 7.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Changes in Prevalence, Severity, and Recovery in Tardive Dyskinesia With Age. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1001/archpsyc.1980.01780250054006
- The paper
- Smith, J. M. (1980). Changes in Prevalence, Severity, and Recovery in Tardive Dyskinesia With Age. Archives of General Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1980.01780250054006
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.