Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 656

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 56 of the 56 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Tardive Dyskinesia: Prevalence and Risk Factors, 1959 to 1979

Kane, John M.·1982·Archives of General Psychiatry

Abstract

Fifty-six prevalence surveys of tardive dyskinesia (TD) in neuroleptic-treated patients are reviewed, yielding an average prevalence of 20% as compared with 5% prevalence of "spontaneous" dyskinesia in 19 samples of untreated individuals. Reported prevalence has increased during the past two decades and is not attributable simply to the more widespread use of rating scales. Controlled studies of a variety of risk factors are reviewed and suggest that advancing age and, to a lesser extent, female sex are the two variables most consistently associated with increased prevalence. There are relatively few data supporting the assumption that the risk of TD development continues to increase with increasing neuroleptic exposure, CNS dysfunction, or exposure to antiparkinsonism medication.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1001/archpsyc.1982.04290040069010

Cites

56 of 56 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 56 references

Cited by

See all 656

Metadata

Authors
Kane, J. M.
Venue
Archives of General Psychiatry
Published
1982-04-01
Volume
39
Issue
4
Pages
473
ISSN
0003-990X (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2151872428
Cited by
656
References
56
FWCI
23.12
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Tardive Dyskinesia: Prevalence and Risk Factors, 1959 to 1979. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1001/archpsyc.1982.04290040069010
The paper
Kane, J. M. (1982). Tardive Dyskinesia: Prevalence and Risk Factors, 1959 to 1979. Archives of General Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1982.04290040069010

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.