The DOI matches its Crossref record; 24 of the 24 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the Community: The 1996 Detroit Area Survey of Trauma
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The study estimates the relative importance of specific types of traumas experienced in the community in terms of their prevalence and risk of leading to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). METHODS: A representative sample of 2181 persons in the Detroit area aged 18 to 45 years were interviewed by telephone to assess the lifetime history of traumatic events and PTSD, according to DSM-IV. Posttraumatic stress disorder was assessed with respect to a randomly selected trauma from the list of traumas reported by each respondent, using a modified version of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule, Version IV, and the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview. RESULTS: The conditional risk of PTSD following exposure to trauma was 9.2%. The highest risk of PTSD was associated with assaultive violence (20.9%). The trauma most often reported as the precipitating event among persons with PTSD (31% of all PTSD cases) was sudden unexpected death of a loved one, an event experienced by 60% of the sample, and with a moderate risk of PTSD (14.3%). Women were at higher risk of PTSD than men, controlling for type of trauma. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of PTSD associated with a representative sample of traumas is less than previously estimated. Previous studies have overestimated the conditional risk of PTSD by focusing on the worst events the respondents had ever experienced. Although recent research has focused on combat, rape, and other assaultive violence as causes of PTSD, sudden unexpected death of a loved one is a far more important cause of PTSD in the community, accounting for nearly one third of PTSD cases.
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“Symptoms of PTSD are more severe, chronic, and recurrent in women than they are in men (45–47).”
From Where Sex Meets Gender: How Sex and Gender Come Together to Cause Sex Differences in Mental Illness (2022) · cites this paper as [45]
In the citing paper
“Although the results are variable, it appears that patients with SCI generally experience PTSD at higher rates than the general population (7% 9 ) and at comparable rates to those found in other traumatized populations (10% to 25% 10 ).”
From Risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in persons with spinal cord injury (2012) · cites this paper as [10]
Citations
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Traumatic Events and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in an Urban Population of Young Adults
Breslau, N. (1991) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1991.01810270028003 · Cited by 2,544
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Meta-analysis of risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma-exposed adults
Brewin, C. R., Andrews, B., & Valentine, J. D. (2000) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.68.5.748 · Cited by 5,243
McLean, C. P., Asnaani, A., Litz, B. T., & Hofmann, S. G. (2011) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.03.006 · Cited by 2,519
Tolin, D. F., & Foa, E. B. (2006) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.132.6.959 · Cited by 2,197
SARS control and psychological effects of quarantine, Toronto, Canada
Hawryluck, L., Gold, W. L., Robinson, S., Pogorski, S., Galea, S., & Styra, R. (2004) · Emerging Infectious Diseases · doi:10.3201/eid1007.030703 · Cited by 1,929
Kilpatrick, D. G., Resnick, H. S., Milanak, M. E., Miller, M. W., Keyes, K. M., & Friedman, M. J. (2013) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.21848 · Cited by 1,929
Metadata
- Authors
- Breslau, N., Kessler, R. C., Chilcoat, H. D., Schultz, L. R., Davis, G. C., & Andreski, P.
- Affiliations
- Henry Ford Health (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Venue
- Archives of General Psychiatry
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 1998-07-01
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 626
- ISSN
- 0003-990X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2140594127
- Cited by
- 2,407
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 24 · 2025: 33 · 2024: 47 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 62 · 2021: 82 · 2020: 127 · 2019: 78 · 2018: 102 · 2017: 117 · 2016: 130 · 2015: 138 · 2014: 139 · 2013: 138 · 2012: 152
- FWCI
- 40.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH048802, MH-48802)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Migration, Health and Trauma
- Keywords
- post-traumatic stress disorder, community trauma, assaultive violence, PTSD risk, trauma prevalence
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Crime, Educational Status, Female, Humans, Income, Life Change Events, Male, Michigan, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Social Class, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Stress, Psychological, Violence, Comorbidity, Life Tables, Prevalence, Marital Status, Racial Groups
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