The DOI matches its Crossref record; 64 of the 64 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Association of DISC1/TRAX Haplotypes With Schizophrenia, Reduced Prefrontal Gray Matter, and Impaired Short- and Long-term Memory
Open accessAbstract
CONTEXT: Chromosome 1q42 is among several genomic regions showing replicated evidence of linkage with schizophrenia, but the specific susceptibility mechanisms underlying this relationship remain to be identified. OBJECTIVE: To examine a series of haplotype blocks of single-nucleotide polymorphic markers from a segment of 1q42 spanning the disrupted-in-schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) and translin-associated factor X (TRAX) genes for association with schizophrenia and several endophenotypic traits thought to be involved in disease pathogenesis. DESIGN: Population-based twin cohort study. SETTING: Finland. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred thirty-six subjects, consisting of 7 twin pairs concordant for schizophrenia (6 monozygotic [MZ] and 1 dizygotic [DZ]), 52 pairs discordant for schizophrenia (20 MZ and 32 DZ), and 59 demographically balanced normal pairs (28 MZ and 31 DZ), were drawn from a twin cohort consisting of all of the same-sex twins born in Finland from 1940 through 1957. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Psychiatric diagnosis, performance on neurocognitive tests of short- and long-term memory, and gray matter volume measurements taken from high-resolution magnetic resonance images. RESULTS: A common haplotype incorporating 3 single-nucleotide polymorphic markers near the translocation break point of DISC1 (odds ratio, 2.6 [P = .02]) and a rare haplotype incorporating 4 markers from the DISC1 and TRAX genes (odds ratio, 13.0 [P = .001]) were significantly overrepresented among individuals with schizophrenia. These haplotypes were also associated with several quantitative endophenotypic traits previously observed to covary with schizophrenia and genetic liability to schizophrenia, including impairments in short- and long-term memory functioning and reduced gray matter density in the prefrontal cortex, as demonstrated using a population-based brain atlas method, with a trend toward association with reduced hippocampal volume. CONCLUSIONS: Specific alleles of the DISC1 and TRAX genes on 1q42 appear to contribute to genetic risk for schizophrenia through disruptive effects on the structure and function of the prefrontal cortex, medial temporal lobe, and other brain regions. These effects are consistent with their production of proteins that play roles in neuritic outgrowth, neuronal migration, synaptogenesis, and glutamatergic neurotransmission.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“loss-of-function translocations in DISC1 are associated with high rates of mental illness129, and with reduced PFC grey matter and impaired working memory in patients with schizophrenia130.”
From Stress signalling pathways that impair prefrontal cortex structure and function (2009) · cites this paper as [130]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Mutations in DISC1 are associated with high rates of mental illness120,121, and more subtle polymorphisms are associated with decreased PFC gray matter and impaired working memory122,123.”
From Stress weakens prefrontal networks: molecular insults to higher cognition (2015) · cites this paper as [122]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A Coefficient of Agreement for Nominal Scales
Cohen, J. (1960) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/001316446002000104 · Cited by 42,398
The Endophenotype Concept in Psychiatry: Etymology and Strategic Intentions
Gottesman, I. I., & Gould, T. D. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.4.636 · Cited by 5,615
The Halstead-Reitan neuropsychological test battery: Theory and clinical interpretation
Reitan, R. M., & Wolfson, D. E. (1993) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 3,413
Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS)*
(1989) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/s0007125000291502 · Cited by 2,710
Scale for Assessment of Positive Symptoms (SAPS) 1984
Andreasen, N. C. (1995) · Open Scholarship Institutional Repository (Washington University in St. Louis) · Cited by 2,423
Effect of COMT Val 108/158 Met genotype on frontal lobe function and risk for schizophrenia
Egan, M. F., Goldberg, T. E., Kolachana, B. S., Callicott, J. H., Mazzanti, C. M., Straub, R. E., Goldman, D. A., & Weinberger, D. R. (2001) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.111134598 · Cited by 2,416
Decreased Dendritic Spine Density on Prefrontal Cortical Pyramidal Neurons in Schizophrenia
Glantz, L. A., & Lewis, D. A. (2000) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.57.1.65 · Cited by 1,636
WAIS-R manual : Wechsler adult intelligence scale-revised
Wechsler, D. (1981) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,559
In vivo evidence for post-adolescent brain maturation in frontal and striatal regions
Sowell, E. R., Thompson, P. M., Holmes, C. J., Jernigan, T. L., & Toga, A. W. (1999) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/13154 · Cited by 1,439
Self-citationStructured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Personality Disorders
First, M. B., Spitzer, R. L., Gibbon, M., & Williams, J. B. W. (2012) · PsycTESTS Dataset · doi:10.1037/t07827-000 · Cited by 1,403
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- Abi-Dargham A, Mawlawi O, Lombardo I, Gil R, Martinez D, Huang Y, Hwang DR, Keilp J, Kochan L, Van Heertum R, Gorman JM, Laruelle M. Prefrontal do- pamine D1 receptors and working memory in schizophrenia. J Neurosci. 2002; 22:3708-3719.
- American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 1994.
- Delis DJH, Kaplan E, Ober B. California Verbal Learning Test, Research Edition. Cleveland, Ohio: Psychological Corp; 1983.
- Hwu HG, Liu CM, Fann CS, Ou-Yang WC, Lee SF. Linkage of schizophrenia with chromosome 1q loci in Taiwanese families. Mol Psychiatry. 2003;8:445-452.
- Roches- ter, Minn. Vol 2359. Bellingham, Wash: International Society for Optical Engi- neering; 1994:160-169.
- Ono M, Kubik S. CDA Atlas of the Cerebral Sulci. Stuttgart, Germany: Georg Thieme Verlag; 1990.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Stress signalling pathways that impair prefrontal cortex structure and function
Arnsten, A. F. T. (2009) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2648 · Cited by 3,299
Intermediate phenotypes and genetic mechanisms of psychiatric disorders
Meyer-Lindenberg, A., & Weinberger, D. R. (2006) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1993 · Cited by 1,216
The Neuropsychopharmacology of Fronto-Executive Function: Monoaminergic Modulation
Robbins, T. W., & Arnsten, A. F. T. (2009) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.051508.135535 · Cited by 957
Glutamate and Schizophrenia: Beyond the Dopamine Hypothesis
Coyle, J. T. (2006) · Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s10571-006-9062-8 · Cited by 917
Stress weakens prefrontal networks: molecular insults to higher cognition
Arnsten, A. F. T. (2015) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4087 · Cited by 752
Metadata
- Authors
- Cannon, T. D., Hennah, W., van Erp, T. G. M., Thompson, P. M., Lonnqvist, J., Huttunen, M., Gasperoni, T., Tuulio-Henriksson, A., Pirkola, T., Toga, A. W., Kaprio, J., Mazziotta, J., & Peltonen, L.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Archives of General Psychiatry
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2005-11-01
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1205
- ISSN
- 0003-990X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2117644711
- Cited by
- 337
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 21.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-52857, R01MH052857)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (R21EB001561, EB01561)
- National Center for Research Resources (P41RR013642, R21RR019771, RR 13642, RR 19771, RR00827, M01RR000827)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- schizophrenia, DISC1, TRAX, haplotype association, genetic susceptibility, short-term memory, long-term memory, hippocampal volume, endophenotypes, monozygotic twins, dizygotic twins, single nucleotide polymorphisms, brain structure, synaptogenesis
- MeSH terms
- Atrophy, Diseases in Twins, DNA-Binding Proteins, Female, Finland, Haplotypes, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Memory Disorders, Middle Aged, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Neuropsychological Tests, Phenotype, Risk Factors, Schizophrenia, Twins, Dizygotic, Twins, Monozygotic, Cohort Studies, Prefrontal Cortex, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
