The DOI matches its Crossref record; 8 of the 8 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Pancreatic Beta-Cell Dysfunction as the Primary Genetic Lesion in NIDDM: Evidence From Studies in Normal Glucose-Tolerant Individuals With a First-Degree NIDDM Relative
Abstract
Objective. —To test the hypothesis that insulin resistance precedes impaired insulin secretion in individuals genetically predisposed to non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Design. —Case-control study. Setting. —Outpatient facility of clinical research center. Participants. —One hundred volunteers of European ancestry having normal glucose tolerance, 50 with and 50 without a first-degree NIDDM relative, matched for age, sex, and degree of obesity. Main Outcome Measures. —Insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity assessed by hyperglycemic (N=100) and euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic (N=62) clamp experiments. Results. —The individuals with a first-degree NIDDM relative had reduced first-and second-phase insulin responses (mean±SEM, 939±68 vs 1209±82 pmol/L, and 322±19 vs 407±24 pmol/L, respectively,P=.001 and.01), but their insulin sensitivity (148±6 and 92±6 nmol·kg-1·min-1/pmol·L-1in hyperglycemic and euglycemic clamp studies) did not differ from that of the control group (126±5 and 81±7 nmol·kg-1·min-1/pmol·L-1, in hyperglycemic and euglycemic clamp studies,P=.07 and.24, respectively). In some individuals only first- or only second-phase insulin responses were reduced. Conclusion. —In this study population, heterogeneous defects in insulin secretion were demonstrated, while defects in insulin sensitivity were not evident. We therefore conclude that since the earliest defects identified in a group genetically at high risk to develop NIDDM are those related to insulin secretion, defects in insulin secretion rather than insulin sensitivity are likely the major genetic factor predisposing to development of NIDDM. (JAMA. 1995;273:1855-1861)
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Studies in subjects at high risk including first degree relatives of subjects with Type 2 diabetes [121, 122], women with a history of gestational diabetes [100] or polycystic ovarian disease [96] and subjects with IGT [123, 124] have shown reductions in the later (second-phase) insulin response to intravenous glucose [121], in glucose potentiation of insulin release [123], in pulsatile insulin”
From The relative contributions of insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction to the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes (2003) · cites this paper as [121]
Citations
Cites
The publisher hasn’t deposited this paper’s reference list.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–189 of 189
Stagi, S., Ricci, F., Bianconi, M., Sammarco, M., Municchi, G., Toni, S., Lenzi, L., Verrotti, A., & de Martino, M. (2017) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu9050524 · Cited by 30
Alvarsson, M., Wajngot, A., Cerasi, E., & Efendić, S. (2005) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-005-1929-6 · Cited by 27
Taha, Umpaichitra, Banerji, & Castells (2006) · Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1515/jpem.2006.19.2.135 · Cited by 26
Mechanisms of non-apoptotic programmed cell death in diabetes and heart failure
Dorn, G. W. (2010) · Cell Cycle · doi:10.4161/cc.9.17.12944 · Cited by 26
Jansson, P.-A., Eliasson, B., Lindmark, S., & Eriksson, J. W. (2002) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2362.2002.00963.x · Cited by 26
What Is the Metabolic Amplification of Insulin Secretion and Is It (Still) Relevant?
Rustenbeck, I., Schulze, T., Morsi, M., Alshafei, M., & Panten, U. (2021) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo11060355 · Cited by 25
Thiazolidinediones and the preservation of β‐cell function, cellular proliferation and apoptosis
Decker, M. W., Hofflich, H., & Elias, A. N. (2007) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/j.1463-1326.2007.00745.x · Cited by 24
Stefan, N., Fritsche, A., Häring, H., & Stümvoll, M. (2001) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0801527 · Cited by 24
What are the pharmacotherapy options for treating prediabetes?
Daniele, G., Abdul‐Ghani, M. A., & DeFronzo, R. A. (2014) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1517/14656566.2014.944160 · Cited by 23
The first and second phase of insulin secretion in naive Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus
Lin, J., Hsia, T., Wu, C., Su, C., Ma, W.-Y., Hsieh, A., Hsieh, C., Wang, K., Chu, Y., & Pei, D. (2009) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2009.09.024 · Cited by 23
Ahmed, F., Al‐Habori, M., Al-Zabedi, E., & Saif-Ali, R. (2021) · BMC Endocrine Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12902-021-00788-5 · Cited by 26
Impact of family history of diabetes on the assessment of β-cell function
ALFORD, F. P., Henriksen, J. E., Rantzau, C., Vaag, A. A., Hew, L. F., Ward, G. M., & Beck‐Nielsen, H. (1998) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s0026-0495(98)90234-7 · Cited by 23
Insulin Sensitivity, Body Fat Distribution, and Family Diabetes History: The IRAS Family Study
Mitchell, B. D., Zaccaro, D. J., Wagenknecht, L. E., Scherzinger, A. L., Bergman, R. N., Haffner, S. M., Hokanson, J. E., Norris, J. M., Rotter, J. I., & Saad, M. F. (2004) · Obesity Research · doi:10.1038/oby.2004.100 · Cited by 22
Stümvoll, M., Fritsche, A., Stefan, N., Hardt, E., & Häring, H. U. (2001) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.86.3.7331 · Cited by 22
Haugaard, S. B., Andersen, O., Storgaard, H., Dela, F., Holst, J. J., Iversen, J., Nielsen, J. O., & Madsbad, S. (2004) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00009.2004 · Cited by 22
β-Cell Dysfunction in Adolescents and Adults with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Elder, D. A., Herbers, P. M., Weis, T., Standiford, D. A., Woo, J. G., & D’Alessio, D. A. (2012) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2011.12.002 · Cited by 22
Navarro, G., Abdolazimi, Y., Zhao, Z., Xu, H., Lee, S., Armstrong, N., & Annes, J. P. (2017) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db16-0816 · Cited by 20
Lorenzo, C., Williams, K. M., & Haffner, S. M. (2012) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1464-5491.2012.03660.x · Cited by 20
Matsuba, I., Saito, K., Takai, M., Hirao, K., & Sone, H. (2012) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc12-0156 · Cited by 20
Skin microvascular vasodilatory capacity in offspring of two parents with Type 2 diabetes
Lee, B. C., Shore, A. C., Humphreys, J., Lowe, G. D. O., Rumley, A., Clark, P. M. S., Hattersley, A. T., & Tooke, J. E. (2001) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1464-5491.2001.00514.x · Cited by 20
Tripathy, D., Lindholm, E., Isomaa, B., Saloranta, C., Tuomi, T., & Groop, L. (2003) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00113.2003 · Cited by 20
Insulin resistance and polycystic ovary syndrome
Ehrmann, D. A. (2002) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-002-0061-y · Cited by 19
Goldfine, A. B., Gerwien, R. W., Kolberg, J. A., O'Shea, S., Hamren, S., Hein, G. P., Xu, X. M., & Patti, M. (2010) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2010.156133 · Cited by 18
Guerrero‐Romero, F., Rodríguez‐Morán, M., González-Ortı́z, M., & Martínez‐Abundis, E. (2001) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/bf03343898 · Cited by 18
The OGTT as test for beta cell function?
Stümvoll, M., Fritsche, A., & Häring, H. (2001) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2362.2001.00828.x · Cited by 18
Bell, D. S. H., & Ovalle, F. (2001) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep.7.2.135 · Cited by 18
Advances in Epidemiology and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes in Children
Pinhas‐Hamiel, O., & Zeitler, P. S. (2005) · Advances in Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.yapd.2005.03.008 · Cited by 17
de Souza, C. J., Gagen, K., Chen, W., & Dragonas, N. (2001) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1046/j.1463-1326.2001.00115.x · Cited by 16
Abnormalities in Insulin Secretion in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Meas, T., & Guillausseau, P.-J. (2011) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470910016.ch3 · Cited by 16
Schmeltz, L. R., & Metzger, B. E. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b0-08-045044-x/00179-6 · Cited by 16
Insulin secretion and action in different stages of glucose tolerance in Asian Indians
Snehalatha, C., Satyavani, K., Sivasankari, S., Viswanathan, V., & Ramachandran, A. (1999) · Diabetic Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1464-5491.1999.00084.x · Cited by 16
Liu, J., Wang, F., Cha, Y., Zp, C., & Hy, D. (2010) · Journal of International Medical Research · doi:10.1177/147323001003800306 · Cited by 15
Metabolic and Molecular Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
DeFronzo, R. A., Mandarino, L. J., & Ferrannini, E. (2003) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/0470862092.d0310 · Cited by 15
Traitement médicamenteux du diabète de type 2recommandation de bonne pratique
(2007) · Diabetes & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s1262-3636(07)80038-3 · Cited by 20
Shah, S. S., Ramirez, C. E., Powers, A. C., Yu, C., Shibao, C. A., & Luther, J. M. (2016) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.metabol.2016.02.011 · Cited by 14
Giuseppe, G. D., Ciccarelli, G., CEFALO, C. M. A., Cinti, F., Moffa, S., Impronta, F., Capece, U., Pontecorvi, A., Giaccari, A., & Mezza, T. (2021) · Minerva Endocrinology · doi:10.23736/s2724-6507.21.03405-9 · Cited by 17
Salbe, A. D., Lindsay, R. S., Collins, C., Tataranni, P. A., Krakoff, J. A., & Bunt, J. C. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2006-1179 · Cited by 12
Addressing the insulin secretion defect: A logical first-line approach
Gerich, J. E. (2000) · Metabolism · doi:10.1053/meta.2000.17824 · Cited by 12
Araújo‐Vilar, D., Estévez, D. A. G., & Cabezas-Cerrato, J. (1999) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s0026-0495(99)90193-2 · Cited by 11
Riccillo, F. L., Bracamonte, M., Montenegro, S. M., Martínez, S. M., & Ronderos, J. R. (2012) · Tissue and Cell · doi:10.1016/j.tice.2011.12.002 · Cited by 11
Foghsgaard, S., Vedtofte, L., Mathiesen, E. R., Svare, J., Gluud, L. L., Holst, J. J., Damm, P., Knop, F. K., & Vilsbøll, T. (2013) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003834 · Cited by 11
Cabezas, Ó. R., & Argente, J. (2012) · Anales de Pediatría · doi:10.1016/j.anpedi.2012.06.013 · Cited by 8
Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes
Alsahli, M., & Gerich, J. E. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-1028-7_7 · Cited by 8
Postprandial interstitial insulin concentrations in type 2 diabetes relatives
Sandqvist, M., Johanson, E. H., Åhrén, B., Axelsen, M., Schmelz, M., Smith, U., & Jansson, P. (2006) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2362.2006.01647.x · Cited by 9
Legro, R. S. (2004) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012444562-8/50030-6 · Cited by 9
Pimenta, W. P., dos Santos, M. L., Cruz, N. S., Aragon, F. F., Padovani, C. R., & Gerich, J. E. (2003) · Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research · doi:10.1590/s0100-879x2003000300003 · Cited by 8
Self-citationAbnormalities of Insulin Secretion and β‐Cell Defects in Type 2 Diabetes
Alsahli, M., & Gerich, J. E. (2010) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781444324808.ch10 · Cited by 11
PI4KIIα regulates insulin secretion and glucose homeostasis via a PKD-dependent pathway
Zhang, L., Li, J., Zhang, P., Gao, Z., Zhao, Y., Qiao, X., & Chen, C. (2018) · Biophysics Reports · doi:10.1007/s41048-018-0049-z · Cited by 8
Management of Type 2 Diabetes With Thiazolidinediones
Bell, D. S. H. (2004) · The Endocrinologist · doi:10.1097/01.ten.0000139039.06946.b2 · Cited by 8
Focus on Insulin Resistance in Type 2 Diabetes: Therapeutic Implications
Reusch, J. E. B. (1998) · The Science of Diabetes Self-Management and Care · doi:10.1177/014572179802400209 · Cited by 8
β‐Cell Dysfunction in Type 2 Diabetes
Utzschneider, K. M., & Kahn, S. E. (2003) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/0470862092.d0403 · Cited by 8
Torres‐Rasgado, E., Porchia, L. M., Ruiz‐Vivanco, G., González-Mejía, M. E., Báez-Duarte, B. G., Pulido‐Perez, P., Rivera, A., Romero, J. R., & Pérez-Fuentes, R. (2014) · Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders · doi:10.1089/met.2014.0095 · Cited by 7
Utility of Early Insulin Response and Proinsulin to Assess Insulin Resistance
Jean, A. M., Hassoun, A. A., Hughes, J., Pomeranz, C. B., Fennoy, I., McMahon, D. J., & Oberfield, S. E. (2009) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2009.06.002 · Cited by 7
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among apparently healthy adults in Ogun state, Nigeria
Adeyemi, Y., Onabanjo, O. O., Sanni, S. A., Ugbaja, R. N., Afolabi, D. O., & Oladoyinbo, C. A. (2017) · Nutrition & Food Science · doi:10.1108/nfs-12-2016-0190 · Cited by 7
Regulation of Insulin Secretion in Vivo
Vidal, J., & Kahn, S. E. (2001) · Endocrine updates · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-1597-5_7 · Cited by 7
Herrerías-García, A., Jacobo-Tovar, E., Hernández-Robles, C. M., & Guardado‐Mendoza, R. (2024) · Acta Diabetologica · doi:10.1007/s00592-024-02352-8 · Cited by 8
Al‐Romaiyan, A., Persaud, S. J., & Jones, P. M. (2023) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules29010194 · Cited by 7
Waldman, I. N., & Legro, R. S. (2018) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-813209-8.00026-1 · Cited by 6
Noncanonical Regulation of cAMP‐Dependent Insulin Secretion and Its Implications in Type 2 Diabetes
Ramanadham, S., TURK, J. W., & Bhatnagar, S. (2023) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.c220031 · Cited by 11
Decline in the acute insulin response in relationship to plasma glucose concentrations
Heinitz, S., Piaggi, P., Bogardus, C., & Krakoff, J. A. (2017) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.2953 · Cited by 6
Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes
Cusi, K. J., & DeFronzo, R. A. (2001) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/cphy.cp070237 · Cited by 5
Hupfeld, C. J., & Olefsky, J. M. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-18907-1.00040-8 · Cited by 7
Ehrmann, D. A., Temple, K. A., Rue, A., Barengolts, E., Mokhlesi, B., Cauter, E. V., Sam, S., Miller, M. A., Kahn, S. E., Atkinson, K. M., et al. (2019) · Pediatric Diabetes · doi:10.1111/pedi.12883 · Cited by 4
Costa, B. (2001) · Atención Primaria · doi:10.1016/s0212-6567(01)78931-7 · Cited by 4
Abnormalities of Insulin Secretion and β‐Cell Defects in Type 2 Diabetes
Prato, S. D., Bianchi, C., & Daniele, G. (2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118924853.ch12 · Cited by 5
Hupfeld, C. J., Courtney, C. H., & Olefsky, J. M. (2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-5583-9.00041-1 · Cited by 5
Müller, M., Glombek, M., Powitz, J., Brüning, D., & Rustenbeck, I. (2020) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells9061487 · Cited by 3
The link between polycystic ovary syndrome and Type 2 diabetes: what do we know today?
Sathyapalan, T., & Atkin, S. L. (2011) · Diabetes Management · doi:10.2217/dmt.11.59 · Cited by 3
Review: Type 2 diabetes: how far have we come?
Lebovitz, H. E. (2002) · The British Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.1177/14746514020020060601 · Cited by 3
Gen-Umwelt-Interaktion in Pathogenese und Prävention des Diabetes mellitus Typ 2
Fritsche, A., Thamer, C., Stefan, N., & Häring, H. (2007) · Der Internist · doi:10.1007/s00108-007-1874-1 · Cited by 2
Durck, T. T., Henriksen, J. E., Egede, M. B., Levin, K., Rantzau, C., Ward, G. M., Beck‐Nielsen, H., & ALFORD, F. P. (2013) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/dmrr.2418 · Cited by 2
Wada, R., Koyama, M., Mizukami, H., Odaka, H., Ikeda, H., & Yagihashi, S. (1999) · Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews · doi:10.1002/(sici)1520-7560(199909/10)15:5 · Cited by 29
Glitazones: Beyond glucose lowering!
Mankovsky, B., & Kurashvili, R. B. (2007) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2007.06.002 · Cited by 2
Meier, J. J. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-18907-1.00032-9 · Cited by 3
Prevención de la diabetes tipo 2: ¿educación o también medicación?
Costa, B. (2002) · Medicina Clínica · doi:10.1016/s0025-7753(02)73515-x · Cited by 2
Abnormalities of Insulin Secretion and β‐Cell Defects in Type 2 Diabetes
Prato, S. D., Bianchi, C., & Daniele, G. (2024) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119697473.ch16 · Cited by 2
Iwahashi, H., Fukuda-Akita, E., Fukuda-Tokunaga, A., Okita, K., Horikawa, Y., Imagawa, A., Funahashi, T., Shimomura, I., & Yamagata, K. (2011) · Diabetology International · doi:10.1007/s13340-011-0046-7 · Cited by 1
Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus in adolescents: what is new?
Hannon, T. S., & Arslanian, S. A. (2006) · Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes · doi:10.1097/01.med.0000216958.21257.fa · Cited by 1
Regulators of Beta-Cell Death and Regeneration
Takasawa, S., Itaya‐Hironaka, A., Yamauchi, A., Ota, H., Takeda, M., Sakuramoto‐Tsuchida, S., Fujimura, T., & Tsujinaka, H. (2016) · Stem cell biology and regenerative medicine · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-45307-1_6 · Cited by 1
Tirzépatide, sensibilité et sécrétion d’insuline
Andréelli, F. (2023) · Médecine des Maladies Métaboliques · doi:10.1016/j.mmm.2023.06.005 · Cited by 1
Slyper, A. H., Ивановна, З. С., Pleuss, J. A., Hoffmann, R. G., Myers, T. J., & Walker, J. A. (1997) · Metabolism · doi:10.1016/s0026-0495(97)90185-2 · Cited by 1
Demographic and metabolic characteristics of individuals with progressive glucose tolerance
Mendes, A. L., dos Santos, M. L., Padovani, C. R., & Pimenta, W. P. (2009) · Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research · doi:10.1590/s0100-879x2009000300009 · Cited by 1
Self-citationEffect of low glycaemic index meals on insulin secretion in diabetic and apparently healthy subjects
Alegbejo, J. (2013) · Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences · doi:10.4314/bajopas.v5i2.27
Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Jawa, A., & Fonseca, V. A. (2006) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.3109/9781420020601-4 · Cited by 1
Meier, J. J., & Butler, P. C. (2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-5583-9.00033-2
Komolkriengkrai, M., Matsathit, U., & Khimmaktong, W. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.02.08.579467
(2021) · American Diabetes Association eBooks · doi:10.2337/9781580407625.ch04
Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes
Cusi, K. J., & DeFronzo, R. A. (2001) · Comprehensive physiology · doi:10.1002/j.2040-4603.2001.tb01483.x
Grotzke, M. P., & Jones, R. E. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-05885-8.00001-5
Metadata
- Authors
- Pimenta, W.
- Corresponding author
- Pimenta, Walkyria
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 1995-06-21
- Volume
- 273
- Issue
- 23
- Pages
- 1855
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- OpenAlex
- W4321059897
- Cited by
- 174
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 7.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK-20411)
- National Center for Research Resources (M501 RR00056, M501 RR00044)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- type 2 diabetes, beta-cell dysfunction, insulin secretion, insulin resistance, genetic susceptibility, first-degree relatives, hyperglycemic clamp, hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp, insulin sensitivity
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review