The DOI matches its Crossref record; 39 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Users' Guides to the Medical Literature: IX. A Method for Grading Health Care Recommendations
Abstract
THE ULTIMATE PURPOSE of applied health research is to improve health care. Summarizing the literature to adduce recommendations for clinical practice is an important part of the process. Recently, the health sciences community has reduced the bias and imprecision of traditional literature summaries and their associated recommendations through the development of rigorous criteria for both literature overviews1-3and practice guidelines.4,5Even when recommendations come from such rigorous approaches, however, it is important to differentiate between those based on weak vs strong evidence. Recommendations based on inadequate evidence often require reversal when sufficient data become available,6while timely implementation of recommendations based on strong evidence can save lives.6In this article, we suggest an approach to classifying strength of recommendations. We direct our discussion primarily at clinicians who make treatment recommendations that they hope their colleagues will follow. However, we believe that any clinician who attends to
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“At the pinnacle of contemporary hierarchies are systematic reviews of systematic reviews and the gold standard, systematic reviews of meta-analyses.25”
From Effectiveness of wearable activity trackers to increase physical activity and improve health: a systematic review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. (2022) · cites this paper as [24]
Citations
Cites
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Measurement of health state utilities for economic appraisal
Torrance, G. W. (1986) · Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1016/0167-6296(86)90020-2 · Cited by 2,220
An Assessment of Clinically Useful Measures of the Consequences of Treatment
Laupacis, A., Sackett, D. L., & Roberts, R. S. (1988) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198806303182605 · Cited by 1,681
Rules of Evidence and Clinical Recommendations on the Use of Antithrombotic Agents
Sackett, D. L. (1989) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.95.2_supplement.2s · Cited by 1,369
Statistics with Confidence: Confidence Intervals and Statistical Guidelines.
JOLLIFFE, F. R., Gardner, M. J., & Altman, D. G. (1990) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A (Statistics in Society) · doi:10.2307/2982808 · Cited by 1,319
Meta-Analysis in Clinical Research
L'ABBÉ, K. A., DETSKY, A. S., & O'ROURKE, K. (1987) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-107-2-224 · Cited by 1,267
Meta-Analyses of Randomized Controlled Trials
Sacks, H. S., Berrier, J., Reitman, D., Ancona-Berk, V. A., & Chalmers, T. C. (1987) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198702193160806 · Cited by 1,257
Yusuf, S. (1991) · JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association · doi:10.1001/jama.1991.03470010097038 · Cited by 1,014
Risk Factors for Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Critically Ill Patients
Cook, D. J., Fuller, H. D., Guyatt, G. H., Marshall, J. C., Leasa, D., Hall, R., Winton, T. L., Rutledge, F., Todd, T., Roy, P., et al. (1994) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199402103300601 · Cited by 1,010
Self-citationUsers' Guides to the Medical Literature
Oxman, A. D. (1994) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1994.03520170077040 · Cited by 925
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations
(2004) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.328.7454.1490 · Cited by 8,477
Self-citationMoher, D., Cook, D. J., Eastwood, S., Olkin, I., Rennie, D., & Stroup, D. F. (1999) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(99)04149-5 · Cited by 4,826
Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma
Bousquet, J., van Cauwenberge, P., & Khaltaev, N. (2001) · Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1067/mai.2001.118891 · Cited by 3,588
Randomized, Controlled Trials, Observational Studies, and the Hierarchy of Research Designs
Concato, J., Shah, N., & Horwitz, R. I. (2000) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200006223422507 · Cited by 3,563
Zhang, W., Moskowitz, R. W., Nuki, G., Abramson, S., Altman, R. D., Arden, N., Bierma-Zeinstra, S., Brandt, K. D., Croft, P., Doherty, M., et al. (2008) · Osteoarthritis and Cartilage · doi:10.1016/j.joca.2007.12.013 · Cited by 2,796
Metadata
- Authors
- Guyatt, G. H.
- Corresponding author
- Guyatt, Gordon H.
- ORCID
- Guyatt, Gordon H.
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 1995-12-13
- Volume
- 274
- Issue
- 22
- Pages
- 1800
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- OpenAlex
- W2168226052
- Cited by
- 846
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 57 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 35 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 28.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Clinical practice guidelines implementation
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Sciences Research and Education
- Keywords
- strength of recommendation, evidence-based medicine, clinical guidelines, guideline implementation, classification of evidence, clinical decision-making
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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