The DOI matches its Crossref record; 73 of the 73 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 52 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Gait speed and survival in older adults.
Open accessAbstract
CONTEXT: Survival estimates help individualize goals of care for geriatric patients, but life tables fail to account for the great variability in survival. Physical performance measures, such as gait speed, might help account for variability, allowing clinicians to make more individualized estimates. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between gait speed and survival. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Pooled analysis of 9 cohort studies (collected between 1986 and 2000), using individual data from 34,485 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years or older with baseline gait speed data, followed up for 6 to 21 years. Participants were a mean (SD) age of 73.5 (5.9) years; 59.6%, women; and 79.8%, white; and had a mean (SD) gait speed of 0.92 (0.27) m/s. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Survival rates and life expectancy. RESULTS: There were 17,528 deaths; the overall 5-year survival rate was 84.8% (confidence interval [CI], 79.6%-88.8%) and 10-year survival rate was 59.7% (95% CI, 46.5%-70.6%). Gait speed was associated with survival in all studies (pooled hazard ratio per 0.1 m/s, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.87-0.90; P < .001). Survival increased across the full range of gait speeds, with significant increments per 0.1 m/s. At age 75, predicted 10-year survival across the range of gait speeds ranged from 19% to 87% in men and from 35% to 91% in women. Predicted survival based on age, sex, and gait speed was as accurate as predicted based on age, sex, use of mobility aids, and self-reported function or as age, sex, chronic conditions, smoking history, blood pressure, body mass index, and hospitalization. CONCLUSION: In this pooled analysis of individual data from 9 selected cohorts, gait speed was associated with survival in older adults.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
43 Own result · 15 Sources not found · 9 Own interpretation · 7 Own method
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Stratification by sex-specific median height failed to show systematic differences in survival rates between short and tall participants, so results presented are not stratified by height.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In some subsets of slow walkers of Hispanic descent, survival rates were 10% to 20% higher than in other groups (eTable 2).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“At age 75, predicted 10-year survival across the range of gait speeds ranged from 19% to 87% in men and from 35% to 91% in women.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Stratification by race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, black, Hispanic) suggested generally similar survival rates by gait speed among age and sex groups.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed was associated with survival in all studies (pooled hazard ratio per 0.1 m/s, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.87–0.90; P<. 001).”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“The overall HR for survival per each 0.1 m/s faster gait speed was 0.88 (95% CI, 0.87–0.90; P<.001) when pooled across all studies using a random-effects meta-analytic statistical approach”
- Also stated in: § Conclusion · plain
“In this pooled analysis of individual data from 9 selected cohorts, gait speed was associated with survival in older adults.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
plaincorrelationaln = 9- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speeds of 1.0 m/s or higher consistently demonstrated survival that was longer than expected by age and sex alone.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed added substantially37 to age and sex in 7 of the 9 studies and in the pooled analysis.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed, age, and sex yielded a C statistic (0.734) that was not significantly different from age, sex, mobility aids, and functional status (0.732; (P=.95; Table 3).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Three studies had sufficiently consistent data on functional status at baseline to allow pooling.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although the sample size of very slow walkers was small, our data suggest that there may be a subpopulation who walk very slowly but survive for long periods.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Probably not a substantial claim. 30
- It may state two separate claims as one. 40
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Study follow-up time ranged from 6.0 to 21.0 years, with participants followed up for a mean of 12.2 and a median of 13.8 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Of the total, 59.6% were women.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Predicted years of remaining life for each sex and age increased as gait speed increased, with a gait speed of about 0.8 m/s at the median life expectancy at most ages for both sexes (Figure 2; a PDF of enlarged graphs is available at http://www.jama.com).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Similarly, there was a wide range of gait speeds, from less than 0.4 m/s (n=1247) to more than 1.4 m/s (n=1491).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 1,491- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In this older adult population, the relationship of gait speed with remaining years of life was consistent across age groups, but the absolute number of expected remaining years of life was larger at younger ages.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For 70-year-old men, life expectancy ranged from 7 to 23 years and for women, from 10 to 30 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were substantial numbers of African American (n=3852) and Hispanic (n=2650) participants.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 3,852- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Mortality rates appear to be related to length of follow-up (Table 1).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Predicted survival based on age, sex, and gait speed was as accurate as predicted based on age, sex, use of mobility aids, and self-reported function or as age, sex, chronic conditions, smoking history, blood pressure, body mass index, and hospitalization.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In women, the probability of 5-year survival remained greater than 0.5 until advanced age (eFigure 3B), but 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.34 to 0.92 and at age 80 years from 0.22 to 0.86 (eFigure 4B).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For the 3 levels of functional status (independent, difficulty with instrumental ADLs, and dependent in ADLs), the pooled HR per 0.1-m/s increase in gait speed for those who were independent was 0.92 (P= .005), for those with difficulty in instrumental activities was also 0.92 (P<.001) but was 0.94 (P=.02) among those dependent in ADLs.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The studies had a wide age range, including 1765 persons older than 85 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 1,765- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were consistent associations across studies, although given the large sample sizes, Q statistics were often statistically significant (details available in eFigure 1A–M available at http://www.jama.com).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Age-adjusted HRs by study ranged from 0.83 to 0.94 and all were significant (P<.001; Figure 1).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“When dichotomized at a score of 100 into low and high activity, MrOS had consistent and statistically significant HRs for low (HR, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.81–0.88) and high (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.84–0.90) physical”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the pooled sample, median survival in years for the age groups 65 through 74 years was 12.6 for men and 16.8 for women; for 75 through 84 years, 7.9 for men and 10.5 for women; and for 85 years or older, 4.6 for men and 6.4 years for women (eTable 3 available at http://www.jama.com).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed was associated with differences in the probability of survival at all ages in both sexes, but was especially informative after age 75 years.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were 17 528 deaths; the overall 5-year survival rate was 84.8% (confidence interval [CI], 79.6%–88.8%)and 10-year survival rate was 59.7% (95%CI, 46.5%–70.6%).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Further adjustment for sex, BMI, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, diseases, prior hospitalization, and self-reported health did not change the results (overall HR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.89–0.91; P<.001).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In men, the probability of 5-year survival at age 85 ranged from 0.3 to 0.88 (eFigure 3A) and the probability of 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.18 to 0.86 (eFigure 4A).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Survival increased across the full range of gait speeds, with significant increments per 0.1 m/s.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The 9 participating studies contributed a total of 34 485 participants (Table 1).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plainn = 34,485- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were 17 528 total deaths across all studies, with rates varying from 18.40% to 91.87% in individual studies.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In the Hispanic EPESE, the HR for low physical activity was significant (0.92; 95% CI, 0.88–0.96) but the HR for higher physical activity was not (0.99; 95% CI, 0.95–1.04).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Pooled HRs for all subgroups except functional status were consistently in the range of 0.81 to 0.92 and all were significant (P<.002).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“C statistics for age, sex, and gait speed were greater than those for age, sex, and chronic diseases in 4 of 9 studies, approximately equivalent in 5 studies and inferior in no studies.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For 10-year survival, 6 studies had sufficient follow-up time to perform many of the analyses (Table 3).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We assessed usual vs fast gait speed in the single study with both measures (Invecciare in Chianti18 study: usual, 0.727 [95% CI, 0.678–0.776]; fast, 0.684 [95% CI, 0.630–0.739]), suggesting that fast walks did not have an advantage in survival prediction over usual-paced walks.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“For these studies, gait speed, age, and sex yielded a C statistic (0.741) that was not significantly different (P=.78) from age, sex, mobility aids, and functional status (P=.75; Table 3).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed added predictive ability to age and sex in 4 of 6 studies and in the pooled analysis.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In our data, predicted life expectancy at the median for age and sex occurs at about 0.8 m/s; faster gait speeds predict life expectancy beyond the median.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Gait speed has been recommended as a potentially useful clinical indicator of well-being among the older adults.14”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Conclusion
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [14]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Because physical activity measures were not sufficiently consistent across studies, effects could not be pooled.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed could be considered a simple and accessible summary indicator of vitality because it integrates known and unrecognized disturbances in multiple organ systems, many of which affect survival.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“Only a few models assess overall predictive capacity using C statistics; the reported values are in the range found in the present study (published area under the curve range, 0.66–0.8261 vs this study, 0.717 and 0.737).”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [61]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Because gait speed can be assessed by nonprofessional staff using a 4-m walkway and a stopwatch,21 it is relatively simple to measure compared with many medical assessments.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Several authors have proposed that gait speeds faster than 1.0 m/s suggest healthier aging while gait speeds slower than 0.6 m/s increase the likelihood of poor health and function.7,21”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [7]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The participating study cohorts, while large and diverse, do not represent the universe of possible data.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The strengths of this study are the very large sample of individual participant data from multiple diverse populations of community-dwelling elders who were followed up for many years and use of consistent measures of performance and outcome.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed might help refine survival estimates in clinical practice or research because it is simple and informative.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although the gait speed–survival relationship seems continuous across the entire range, cut points may help interpretation.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Also, participants in these studies had no prior knowledge about the meaning of walking speed.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Slowing gait may reflect both damaged systems and a high-energy cost of walking.13,39–54”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [13]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [39]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [40]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [41]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [42]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [43]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [44]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [45]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [46]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [47]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Gait speed, age, and sex may offer the clinician tools for assessing expected survival to contribute to tailoring goals of care in older adults.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We were unable to assess the association of physical activity with survival in pooled analyses because measures of activity were highly variable across studies.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“However, median years of survival in this study resemble estimates for US adults across the sex and age range assessed.62”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [62]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Only 1 of the 9 studies was based in clinical practice,21 and advanced dementia is rare in populations who are competent to consent for research.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [21]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Prior analyses used single cohorts and presented results as relative rather than absolute risk, as done herein.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [6]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [7]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [9]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [10]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [11]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [12]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [55]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [56]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Some models use self-reported information but others also include physiological or performance data, for a total of 4 to more than 10 predictive factors.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [4]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [5]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [57]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [58]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [59]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [60]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This study has the limitations of observational research; it cannot establish causal relationships and is vulnerable to various forms of healthy volunteer bias.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The research studies analyzed herein used trained staff to measure gait speed. Staffin clinical settings would need initial training and may produce more variable results.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Others propose one cutoff around 0.8 m/s.13”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [13]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: fails — The authors may not put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The authors may not put it forward as true. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Long-distance walks have become accepted in some medical fields and may contribute information beyond short walks.66–68”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [66]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [67]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [68]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The results found herein suggest that gait speed appears to be especially informative in older persons who report either no function all imitations or only difficulty with instrumental ADLs and may be less helpful for older adults who already report dependence in basic ADLs.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim could be matched to a paper in Crossref, so there is nothing to check it against.
In the paper
“Similarly, mortality prediction models have been developed.3–5,57–60”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [3]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [4]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [5]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [57]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [58]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [59]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
- Not matchedcites [60]
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Not matched
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the longer distance and time to perform the test may limit feasibility in many clinical settings.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > COMMENT
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
There are currently no well-established approaches to predicting life expectancy that incorporate health and function.
“There are currently no well-established approaches to predicting life expectancy that incorporate health and function, although several models have been developed from individual data sources.3–5”
The paper relies on this without support.
Survival estimates help individualize goals of care for geriatric patients.
“Survival estimates help individualize goals of care for geriatric patients, but life tables fail to account for the great variability in survival.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Advanced dementia is rare in populations who are competent to consent for research.
“Only 1 of the 9 studies was based in clinical practice,21 and advanced dementia is rare in populations who are competent to consent for research.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The Edmonton Frail Scale is a multi-dimensional assessment instrument that includes the TUGT, and a test for cognitive impairment (108). It is quick to administer (less than 5 minutes) and is valid, reliable and feasible for routine use by non-geriatricians”
From Frailty in elderly people (2013) · cites this paper as [108]
In the citing paper
“Moreover, gait speed was associated with survival in pooled analysis of individual data from 9 cohort studies (pooled HR per 0.1 m/s: 0.88, 95% CI: 0.87–0.90, P < 0.001) (78).”
From Health Consequences of Sarcopenic Obesity: A Narrative Review (2020) · cites this paper as [78]
In the citing paper
“including a significant association with survival at increments of 0.1 m/s.84”
In the citing paper
“accumulating evidence from both preclinical studies and recent human clinical trials strongly suggests that Mt have a key role in the pathogenesis of age-related functional decline, marked by slower walking speed.(Hiona and Leeuwenburgh 2008;Studenski, Perera, Patel, Rosano, Faulkner, Inzitari, Brach, Chandler, Cawthon, Connor, Nevitt, Visser, Kritchevsky, Badinelli, Harris, Newman, Cauley, Ferru”
From Successful aging: Advancing the science of physical independence in older adults (2015) · cites this paper as Studenski et al. 2011
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
“SPPB, 0.738”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
“95% CI, 0.690–0.735”
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > Abstract > Results
“At age 75, predicted 10-year survival across the range of gait speeds ranged from 19% to 87% in men and from 35% to 91% in women.”
§ Gait Speed and Survival in Older Adults > RESULTS
“In men, the probability of 5-year survival at age 85 ranged from 0.3 to 0.88 (eFigure 3A) and the probability of 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.18 to 0.86 (eFigure 4A). In women, the probability of 5-year survival remained greater than 0.5 until advanced age (eFigure 3B), but 10-year survival at age 75 years ranged from 0.34 to 0.92”
Citations
Cites
Meta-analysis in clinical trials
DerSimonian, R., & Laird, N. (1986) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2 · Cited by 39,552 · cited 6×
“6 77 (72-81) 57 (49-64) 31 (24-39) 88 (85-90) 75 (68-80) 61 (50-70) 53 (41-64) 23 (15-31) 6 (3-11) 67 (61-72) 42 (36-48) 18 (9-30)”
InfluentialQuantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis
Higgins, J. P. T., & Thompson, S. G. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1186 · Cited by 36,763 · cited 6×
“6 77 (72-81) 57 (49-64) 31 (24-39) 88 (85-90) 75 (68-80) 61 (50-70) 53 (41-64) 23 (15-31) 6 (3-11) 67 (61-72) 42 (36-48) 18 (9-30)”
InfluentialThe Statistical Analysis of Failure Time Data.
Aitkin, M. A., Kalbfleisch, J. D., & Prentice, R. L. (1981) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2530581 · Cited by 9,875
Guralnik, J. M., Simonsick, E. M., Ferrucci, L., Glynn, R. J., Berkman, L. F., Blazer, D. G., Scherr, P. A., & Wallace, R. B. (1994) · Journal of Gerontology · doi:10.1093/geronj/49.2.m85 · Cited by 9,792 · cited 3×
“8 79 (74-83) 65 (57-71) 49 (35-61) 91 (89-93) 82 (78-86) 74 (69-78) 57 (52-62) 31 (24-38) 11 (3-28) 74 (71-77) 52 (46-57) 23 (18-28)”
Modeling Survival Data: Extending the Cox Model
Therneau, T. M., & Grambsch, P. M. (2000) · Statistics for Biology and Health · doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-3294-8 · Cited by 8,674
The combination of estimates from different experiments
Cochran, W. G. (1954) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/3001666 · Cited by 5,380 · cited 5×
“6 77 (72-81) 57 (49-64) 31 (24-39) 88 (85-90) 75 (68-80) 61 (50-70) 53 (41-64) 23 (15-31) 6 (3-11) 67 (61-72) 42 (36-48) 18 (9-30)”
InfluentialStatistical Models and Methods for Lifetime Data
Lawless, J. F. (2002) · Wiley series in probability and statistics · doi:10.1002/9781118033005 · Cited by 4,521
The Cardiovascular Health Study: design and rationale.
Fried, L. P., Borhani, N. O., Enright, P., Furberg, C. D., Gardin, J. M., Kronmal, R. A., Kuller, L. H., Manolio, T. A., Mittelmark, M. B., Newman, A., et al. (1991) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/1047-2797(91)90005-w · Cited by 3,652
Survival Analysis Techniques for Censored and Truncated Data
Rao, M. B., Klein, J. P., & Moeschberger, M. L. (1998) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1270658 · Cited by 3,617
The physical activity scale for the elderly (PASE): Development and evaluation
Washburn, R. A., Smith, K. W., Jette, A. M., & Janney, C. A. (1993) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/0895-4356(93)90053-4 · Cited by 3,256 · cited 3×
“8 79 (74-83) 65 (57-71) 49 (35-61) 91 (89-93) 82 (78-86) 74 (69-78) 57 (52-62) 31 (24-38) 11 (3-28) 74 (71-77) 52 (46-57) 23 (18-28)”
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 3,401–3,500 of 4,515
Yang, L., Liu, Y., Wu, M., et al. (2025) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000042756 · Cited by 1
Huang, P., Wu, L., Chen, S., Li, J., Zhang, Y., & Chen, Y. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0325356 · Cited by 1
“…there is no established gold standard for screening frailty, yet walking speed—a component of the Fried phenotype and the most extensively studied single frailty assessment [24]—has proven to be a crucial independent predictor of adverse clinical outcomes and patient-reported results [30,31].”
Zhang, M., Zhang, T., He, Y., et al. (2025) · Geriatric Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.gerinurse.2025.103468 · Cited by 1
Davis, D. J., Ray, S. F., Franz, J. R., et al. (2025) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00045.2025 · Cited by 1
Anagnostou, D., Theodorakis, N., Kalantzi, S., Spyridaki, A., Hitas, C., Milionis, V., Kollia, Z., Christodoulou, M., Nella, I., Spathara, A., et al. (2025) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics15151857 · Cited by 1
“This pattern likely reflects their emergence in more advanced stages of physiological decline, making them strong “red flags” in clinical assessment [25,26].”
Design and test–retest reliability of a new test to assess motor competence in healthy older adults
Linares, J. C. C., Román, P. A., Zurita, M. L., & Montilla, J. A. P. (2025) · GeroScience · doi:10.1007/s11357-025-01812-5 · Cited by 2
“…strength, chair stand, gait speed, complex gait, timed up and go, standing balance times, and 6-min walk tests are frequently used for monitoring the biological aging process since these tests are predictors of all-cause mortality and survival in older community-dwelling populations [11, 12].”
Using Gait to Monitor Health: An Experimental Baseline
Zafra-Palma, J., Marín‐Jiménez, N., Castro‐Piñero, J., et al. (2025) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-99568-2_30 · Cited by 1
Chen, Y., Wang, C., Shen, Y., et al. (2025) · Engineering Construction & Architectural Management · doi:10.1108/ecam-11-2024-1558 · Cited by 1
Sawamura, H., Inoue, H., Hayashi, Y., et al. (2025) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.91105 · Cited by 1
“Given that walking speed is a robust indicator of frailty and future mortality [29], this result underscores the profound clinical importance of sarcopenia.”
Rosenblatt, N. J., Schneider, K. L., Miller, S. A., Hagopian, K., Hagg, S., Reddin, C., Churchill, R., Dams, G. M., Calamari, J. E., Stachowiak, A., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences · doi:10.3389/fresc.2025.1626051 · Cited by 1
Zingales, S., Martinez, J., Stepp, A. H., Miller, C., Jason, N., Hong, M. Y., Liu, C., Kern, M., & Hooshmand, S. (2025) · Current Developments in Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.cdnut.2025.107544 · Cited by 1
“…studies have linked changes in walking speed and gait variability to declines in cognitive ability and life expectancy among older adults during normal aging [52 – 56]; therefore, nutritional interventions may offer an opportunity to impact motor function through changes in cognitive performance.”
Yaguchi-Horiuchi, A., Tsuji, T., Takeuchi, H., et al. (2025) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-025-03188-0 · Cited by 1
“Previous studies have demonstrated that older adults with faster walking speeds are more likely to maintain functional independence and experience greater life expectancy [ 3, 4 ].”
Wang, K., Xu, K., Liu, Y., Alshanniek, S., Newmeyer, N., Mesnik, L., Prudhivi, V., Chase, T., Rangasamy, V., Sison, S. D. M., et al. (2025) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.70095 · Cited by 1
“MCIDs were defined as 0.1 m/s for gait speed [27], 3 s for 5-chair stand time [28], and 2.7 kg for hand-grip strength [29].”
InfluentialIodice, F., Cuffaro, L., Romoli, M., Bianchini, E., Sparaco, M., Arighi, A., Cerami, C., Salemme, S., Reale, G., Orologio, I., et al. (2025) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s10072-025-08428-9 · Cited by 2
“Walking parameters and mobility have been shown to predict mortality and loss of functional independence in adults [ 9 , 10].”
InfluentialMerz, N., Plessmann, R., Netzer, S., et al. (2025) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2025.105873 · Cited by 1
Home-Based Gait Interventions for Adults with Stroke: A Scoping Review
Darcy, B., Reed, K. B., Bamberg, S. J. M., Murray, D., & Maring, J. (2025) · Archives of Rehabilitation Research and Clinical Translation · doi:10.1016/j.arrct.2025.100527 · Cited by 2
“10,11 For stroke survivors with gait impairments, effective rehabilitation services are necessary to restore walking ability and functional independence.”
Buttini, E. A., Zucchelli, A., Tura, P., et al. (2025) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers17203278 · Cited by 1
“…daily living (IADL) [12], Geriatric 8 (G8) [13], Vulnerable Elders Survey (VES-13) score [14], clinical frailty score (CFS) [15], a gait speed test [16], chair stand and hand grip tests [17], mini-cognitive assessment instrument (mini-cog) [18], mini mental state examination (MMSE) [19], HCT-CI…”
Schwesig, R., Strutz, N., Schönenberg, A., et al. (2025) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics15202578 · Cited by 1
Wang, Y., Zhou, X., & Guo, L. (2025) · Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology · doi:10.3389/fbioe.2025.1662741 · Cited by 1
Aging-related muscle mass decline in hip fracture patients across age groups
Xie, R., Zhao, N., Li, X., Li, F., Zhao, W., Liang, Y., & Huang, J. (2025) · Annals of Medicine · doi:10.1080/07853890.2025.2578427 · Cited by 1
Noguchi, S., Saitoh, D., & Tanaka, H. (2025) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.95974 · Cited by 1
Álvarez‐Bustos, A., Aguiar, S. D. S., Gonçalves, I. D. O., Rodríguez-Sánchez, I., Marzetti, E., & Coelho‐Júnior, H. J. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14217839 · Cited by 3
Tariq, A., & Ammar, M. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2025-107419 · Cited by 1
Age perceptions and physical health: implications for physiology, function, and well-being
Williams, C., Gendron, T. L., & Waters, L. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-33827-4.00005-5 · Cited by 1
Huang, B., Zhang, Q., Wang, Y., Liu, C., Li, H., Wang, D., & Li, W. (2025) · BMC Cardiovascular Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12872-025-05393-1 · Cited by 1
“We observed pronounced decrements in 6MWT and TUG performance among participants aged ≥ 80 years, despite relatively stable EFS scores, indicating that conventional frailty screens may under-detect objec-tive functional decline at advanced age [36].”
Li, X., Wei, C., Hu, K., et al. (2025) · Archives of Public Health · doi:10.1186/s13690-025-01807-w · Cited by 1
“…slower walkers have greater risk of recurrent falls and subsequent hospitalization [25, 26] Declines in mobility not only increase the likelihood of physical harm but also promote sedentary behavior and muscle atrophy, leading to cascading declines in cardio-pulmonary and metabolic reserve [27].”
Hao, W., Shan, Y., Kimura, T., Ukawa, S., Ohira, H., Okabayashi, S., Wakai, K., Ando, M., & Tamakoshi, A. (2025) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2025.1698581 · Cited by 1
Iserson, K. V. (2025) · Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2025.12.004 · Cited by 1
Assessment of gait patterns in breast cancer survivors: a cross-sectional study
Notarstefano, C., Azzollini, V., FERRARI, M., Carozzo, S., Dalise, S., Ghilli, M., Roncella, M., & Chisari, C. (2025) · European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.23736/s1973-9087.25.09123-3 · Cited by 1
Taylor, S. R., Awad, L. N., Carlowicz, C. A., Maricich, Y. A., Finklestein, S. P., Riley, E., Harris, B. A., Pohlig, R. T., & Béthoux, F. (2026) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-025-09415-3 · Cited by 1
“Given the established link between walking performance and healthcare outcomes [64, 65], these exploratory analyses may provide early insights into whether gains achieved with MR-001 correspond to reduced falls, emergency visits, and long-term care burden, consistent with prior budget impact…”
A Practical Case of Monitoring Older Adults Using mmWave Radar and UWB
García-Gutiérrez, G., Aparicio-Esteve, E., Ureña, J., Villadangos, J. M., Jiménez-Martín, A. T., & García-Domínguez, J. J. (2026) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s26020681 · Cited by 1
“Both parameters are established predictors of survival, disability, and frailty in older adults [39,40], and recent work highlights the value of free-living, distribution-based gait metrics obtained from wearable sensors [41].”
Kutsuna, T., Kugai, H., Ohashi, T., et al. (2026) · Renal Replacement Therapy · doi:10.1186/s41100-026-00705-3 · Cited by 1
“Gait speed—a recognized prognostic indicator in elderly and chronically ill populations—is associated with mortality, fall risk, hospitalization, and QOL [39, 40].”
Cengiz, D., Baş, A. O., Öztürk, Y., Kayabaşı, C., Pehlivan, M., Özgün, Ö., Turhan, O., Nacar, İ. A., Eşme, M., Balcı, C., et al. (2026) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/j.nut.2026.113132 · Cited by 1
A physical therapy mobility checkup is feasible with annual wellness visits in primary care
Lieberz, D., Lundberg, S., McDonald, M., Tiede, C., Karow, C., & Taran, A. M. (2026) · Physical Therapy · doi:10.1093/ptj/pzag009 · Cited by 1
Tai, H., Morishita, A., Tadokoro, T., Oura, K., Yano, R., Nakahara, M., FUJITA, K., Mimura, S., Tani, J., Tatsuta, M., et al. (2026) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu18030494 · Cited by 1
Sawicki, A., González-Bautista, E., Peluso, A., van Kan, G. A., Sourdet, S., & Soto, M. (2026) · Aging Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1007/s40520-025-03309-9 · Cited by 1
“We recorded the variable as the equivalent in meters per second (m/s) [ 15, 16].”
Nijskens, C. M., Wiersinga, J. H. I., Janet, M.-V., et al. (2026) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2025.106102 · Cited by 1
Román, P. Á. L., Pérez, A. D. L. C., MONTILLA, J. A. P., Sánchez, J. S., Zurita, M. L., & Linares, J. C. C. (2026) · Epidemiologia · doi:10.3390/epidemiologia7010024 · Cited by 1
Yang, H.-X., Wang, B., Wang, Q., Zhao, J.-N., Liu, F.-F., Xie, X., Xu, F.-Q., & Zhang, P. (2026) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-026-07111-8 · Cited by 2
Prehabilitation in frail patients undergoing cardiac valve intervention
Cutore, L., & Capodanno, D. (2026) · Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2026.02.007 · Cited by 2
The prognostic value of gait speed in hemodialysis patients: A prospective observational study
Santos, J. N. V., Rodrigues, V. G. B., Taïar, R., Cunha, T. D. S., Madeira, E. M., Martins, I. C. M., Prates, M. C. S. M., Lage, V. K. D. S., Lacerda, A. C. R., Costa, H. S., et al. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0343612 · Cited by 2
“[16,17] Lower gait speed may indicate underlying health issues, such as muscle wasting, frailty, inflammation, or impaired cardiovascular function, a well-established predictor of poor prognosis [21,33,37,38] The gait speed accurately predicted death in the sample.”
Demark‐Wahnefried, W., Rogers, L. Q., Zubkoff, L., Pisu, M., Hung, A., Graff, J. N., Hamilton, J. P., Dieckmann, N. F., & Winters‐Stone, K. M. (2026) · BMC Cancer · doi:10.1186/s12885-026-15851-4 · Cited by 1
“Values ≥ 1.0 m sec − 1 will be viewed as an absence of frailty for the OFP score (above), as comparable gait speeds have been reported as protective in association with falls and a loss of independence [26].”
InfluentialChristensen, J. C., Smith, J. F., Darter, B. J., Gillespie, B., Kubiak, E. K., Agarwal, J. P., & Sinclair, S. K. (2026) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2026.02.494 · Cited by 1
Gaurav, G., Mishra, S., Sengar, A. P. S., Lohani, R., Kumar, A., & Amir, M. (2026) · Indian Journal of Urology · doi:10.4103/iju.iju_429_25 · Cited by 1
Age-Related Differences Across Adulthood in IMU-Derived Gait Quality During Habitual Walking
Wang, J., Sergooris, A., Timmermans, A. A. A., et al. (2026) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s26072194 · Cited by 1
“…addition, observational ageing studies suggest that habitual physical activity is often associated with global mobility measures such as gait speed [31,32], whereas age-related differences in gait variability and local dynamic stability have been reported even in high-functioning older adults…”
Lin, N., Wang, J., Barry, L. C., et al. (2026) · IEEE/ACM Conference on Connected Health: Applications, Systems and Engineering Technologies · doi:10.1109/chase69719.2026.00031 · Cited by 1
“Despite the established clinical value of gait speed as an indicator of functional health, mobility decline, and mortality risk in older adults [1], [2], accurately measuring gait in real-world settings presents significant technical challenges.”
Li, Y., Zhang, Y., Daxiang, H., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2026.1793383 · Cited by 1
Coelho-Júnior, H. J., Álvarez‐Bustos, A., Rodríguez-Sánchez, I., Landi, F., & Marzetti, E. (2026) · The Lancet Healthy Longevity · doi:10.1016/j.lanhl.2026.100843 · Cited by 1
Intrinsic capacity and the risk of adverse health outcomes in older adults: a population-based study
Gou, X., Li, M., Lu, N., Yang, T., Li, W., Yan, L., Yang, L., Li, Y., & Leng, M. (2026) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-026-07552-1 · Cited by 1
“Evidence suggests that lower scores in IC domains are associated with adverse health events in older adults [10–12].”
Modernisation of chronic respiratory disease management: The integration of wearable technology
Armstrong, M. (2026) · Chronic Respiratory Disease · doi:10.1177/14799731261454686 · Cited by 4
“35 Walking gait is often described as an individual’s pace, rhythm and variability, and is typically measured through walking cadence, speed and stride length/duration.”
The role of assessing frailty in cardiometabolic risk management
Joshi, A., Clemens, K. K., & Stranges, S. (2026) · Nutrition Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.numecd.2026.104807 · Cited by 1
Yan, B., & Miao, Y. (2026) · npj Wireless Technology · doi:10.1038/s44459-026-00083-6 · Cited by 1
Labott, B. K., Belkin, V., Wollesen, B., & Voelcker‐Rehage, C. (2026) · Clinical Interventions in Aging · doi:10.2147/cia.s585052 · Cited by 1
Sancho-Haro, E. S., Muñoz-López, M., Baz-Valle, E., Villanueva-Tobaldo, C. V., Tornero-Aguilera, J. F., López-Gil, J. F., López‐Moreno, M., Martín-Rodríguez, A., & Clemente‐Suárez, V. J. (2026) · Pharmaceuticals · doi:10.3390/ph19060897 · Cited by 1
Zhang, H., Guo, T., Zhang, R., Yan, H., Yang, S., Gao, Y., Wang, T. T., Chen, W., Pan, Y. L., Wang, Y., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2026.1853965 · Cited by 2
“Gait speed was assessed using a 6-meter walk test (Studenski et al., 2011).”
Chen, S., Yu, X., Gong, Q., Cao, J., Qin, J., Wang, Y., Sun, Z., Zhou, X., & Zhu, X. (2026) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2026.107478 · Cited by 1
Bayesian Frameworks for Explicit Biological Age Estimation
Cabras, S. (2026) · Statistical Analysis and Data Mining The ASA Data Science Journal · doi:10.1002/sam.70098 · Cited by 1
O'Shea, M., Doody, P., McCaffrey, N., O’Deashunaigh, A., Skelly, F., Kelly, L. S., Kennelly, S., McCarthy, N., & Smith, S. (2026) · Age and Ageing · doi:10.1093/ageing/afag174 · Cited by 1
“Gait speed improved by 0.1 m/s ( P .001) and significant improvements in morbidity and mortality have been reported with incremental gait speed improvements of 0.1 m/s in previous studies [ 48, 49].”
InfluentialWu, F., Zhang, K., Peng, S., et al. (2026) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2026.113214 · Cited by 1
Comparison of Denosumab and Bisphosphonates for Sarcopenia in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Karaaslan, S., Hocaoğlu, E., & Ertürk, E. (2026) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm15135010 · Cited by 1
“These thresholds are listed with supporting references from Studenski et [14,22–25].”
Novel Gait Speed Cut‐Off Values Associated With Prognosis in Older Patients With Heart Failure
Ogi, A., Iwatsu, K., Iida, Y., et al. (2026) · Geriatrics and gerontology international/Geriatrics & gerontology international · doi:10.1111/ggi.70717 · Cited by 1
“Since walking is an activity that places demands on multiple organ systems –including the cardiovascular, pulmonary, nervous, and musculoskeletal systems–gait speed is considered a composite index that integra-tively reflects dysfunction across these systems [2].”
Gait Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease Pathology: A Narrative Review on Mechanistic Links
Sakurai, R., & Montero‐Odasso, M. (2026) · Geriatrics and gerontology international/Geriatrics & gerontology international · doi:10.1111/ggi.70675 · Cited by 1
Liu, X., Jiang, Z., Liu, P., Chen, S., Wu, Y., Meng, J., & Gao, S. (2026) · Clinical Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.clinthera.2026.07.003 · Cited by 1
Qu, Y., Wang, P., Xie, H., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2026.1915220 · Cited by 1
“KOA commonly results in walking difficulties and reduced gait speed-a simple yet robust indicator of overall health and wellbeing in older adults, and a powerful predictor of mortality (17, 18).”
Kwon, J. W. (2026) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2026.112116 · Cited by 1
Hoff, H., & Holtzer, R. (2026) · Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.msard.2026.107912 · Cited by 1
Diet Quality and Older Adults: Special Considerations
Lichtenstein, A. H. (2013) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-7339-8_17 · Cited by 1
Gait Variability Is an Independent Marker of Frailty
Islam, A. (2012) · Scholarship@Western (Western University) · Cited by 1
Analysis of Spatio-Temporal Parameters of Gait in Elderly by Various Walking Pathways Width
Son, H.-H., & Kim, E.-J. (2013) · The Journal of the Korea Contents Association · doi:10.5392/jkca.2013.13.10.444 · Cited by 1
Lee, K. J., Shin, S. S., & Song, C. H. (2012) · Journal of Physical Therapy Science · doi:10.1589/jpts.24.645 · Cited by 1
Looppatronen binnen de Rotterdam Study
Verlinden, V. J. A., & Ikram, M. A. (2012) · Neuropraxis · doi:10.1007/s12474-012-0003-7 · Cited by 1
Does Aldosterone Blockade Improve Physical Performance in Older Individuals?
Supiano, M. A. (2013) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2013.03.010 · Cited by 1
Wouters, H., Eijsvogels, T. M. H., & Hopman, M. T. E. (2015) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/jgs.13364 · Cited by 1
La fragilité: Détecter les patients âgés à risque élevé d’issues défavorables
Lee, L. S., Heckman, G. A., & Molnar, F. (2015) · PubMed Central · Cited by 2
Wert, D. M., VanSwearingen, J. M., Perera, S., et al. (2015) · Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy · doi:10.1519/jpt.0000000000000053 · Cited by 1
Self-citationImpact of Musculoskeletal Pain on Pedestrian Crossing among the Aged
Um, K.-M., & Wang, J.-S. (2015) · The Journal of the Korea Contents Association · doi:10.5392/jkca.2015.15.12.370 · Cited by 1
Physical activity in the reduction of cardiovascular risk - too good to be prescribed?
Lazzoli, J. K. (2015) · Archivos de medicina del deporte: revista de la Federación Española de Medicina del Deporte y de la Confederación Iberoamericana de Medicina del Deporte · Cited by 1
Aires, A., & Júnior, P. (2014) · Cited by 1
Utilizing Geriatric Assessments to Fulfill the Medicare Annual Wellness Visits
Jang, M., Miller, R. K., & Lindquist, L. A. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-28137-7_10 · Cited by 1
Réadaptation au cours de l'artériopathie des membres inférieurs
Casillas, J.-M., Joussain, C., Hannequin, A., Besson, D., Laurent, Y., & Grémeaux, V. (2013) · Time to knit · doi:10.1016/s1634-6939(13)63999-x · Cited by 1
Rostami, M., Nezhad, Z. M., Moghadam, A. N., Bakhshi, E. A., & Jaberzadeh, S. (2016) · Physical Treatments - Specific Physical Therapy · doi:10.18869/nrip.ptj.6.1.9 · Cited by 1
“Many studies have reported that the walking speed and balance decrease with aging [31-34].”
BackgroundOptimal Nutrition for the Older Adults
Lichtenstein, A. H. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-43027-0_19 · Cited by 2
Imbalance and Falls in Older Cancer Survivors
Hile, E. S. (2015) · Topics in Geriatric Rehabilitation · doi:10.1097/tgr.0000000000000079 · Cited by 1
5 Faustregeln für die Behandlung betagter Diabetiker
Zeeh, J., Zeyfang, A., & Heppner, H.-J. (2017) · MMW - Fortschritte der Medizin · doi:10.1007/s15006-017-9578-5 · Cited by 1
Flint, K. M., Matlock, D. D., Lindenfeld, J. M., & Allen, L. A. (2017) · Cited by 1
Sugita, Y., Ito, K., & Takano, Y. (2017) · Rigakuryoho Kagaku · doi:10.1589/rika.32.537 · Cited by 1
Ha-Young, K., Yoo, Y.-H., & Rie, D. (2017) · Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation · doi:10.9798/kosham.2017.17.4.159 · Cited by 1
Difference in trunk stability during semicircular turns with and without a bag in elderly women
Shin, S.-S., Yoo, W., An, D.-H., et al. (2017) · Journal of Back and Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation · doi:10.3233/bmr-169680 · Cited by 1
“Walking is an essential part of independent daily activities, and it is vital in terms of the quality of life of older adults [1].”
Identifying prognostic factors in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients
García-Sanz, M.-T. (2017) · Lung India · doi:10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_354_17 · Cited by 1
“A 6MWD <350 m has been shown to independently predict mortality in COPD patients.[25,26] Koul et al.”
BackgroundPothier, K., Barreto, P. D. S., Maltais, M. L., Rolland, Y., & Vellas, B. J. (2018) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-018-1059-8 · Cited by 1
“…were also performed on each cognitive outcome: first, we categorized participants using the more restrictive WS improvement cut-off of .1m/sec (9, 12), and secondly, we excluded participants with no clinically-relevant WS improvement (those that were between 0 and .05m/sec) from the…”
Le concept de fragilité chez la personne âgée : implications pour le rhumatologue
Coulongeat, M., Pambet, M., Chassagne, P., & Gauvain, J. (2019) · Revue du Rhumatisme Monographies · doi:10.1016/j.monrhu.2019.01.005 · Cited by 2
Patrón de marcha normal en adultos mayores costarricenses
Salas, K. I. A., Sequeira, W. E., Vindas, C. A., & Ureña, A. C. (2019) · Acta Médica Costarricense · doi:10.51481/amc.v61i3.1037 · Cited by 1
Should Frailty Include Multidimensional and Dynamic Factors?
Rolfson, D. B. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-26226-6_16 · Cited by 1
Європейські рекомендації 2019 року щодо діагностики саркопенії
Dzerovych, N. (2019) · PAIN JOINTS SPINE · doi:10.22141/2224-1507.9.4.2019.191925 · Cited by 1
The Nutrition-Focused Physical Exam
Fry, M. R. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-30730-1_39 · Cited by 1
Evanosky, N. L. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-4588-2.00068-1 · Cited by 1
Xu, H., Sun, J., Liu, Y., Tian, L., Liu, J., Shi, J., Liu, M., & Zheng, X.-Y. (2020) · Calcified Tissue International · doi:10.1007/s00223-020-00778-0 · Cited by 1
Addressing Fall Risk From the Emergency Department
Hill, A. T., & Evans, D. D. (2021) · Advanced Emergency Nursing Journal · doi:10.1097/tme.0000000000000337 · Cited by 1
“Assessment of gait speed before discharging an older adult has been found to be a valid marker of health and functional status and is also predictive of falls, repeat hospitalizations, and death (Studenski et al., 2011).”
BackgroundEffect of heel lifts in elderly individuals with spinal kyphosis
Sato, H., Okada, K., Wakasa, M., et al. (2021) · Clinical Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2021.105307 · Cited by 1
Ottonello, D. M. (2020) · Journal of Bioresource Management · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Studenski, S.
- Affiliations
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Studenski, Stephanie
- ORCID
- Studenski, Stephanie
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2011-01-05
- Volume
- 305
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 50
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- PMC
- PMC3080184
- OpenAlex
- W2159296038
- Semantic Scholar
- 25de2f67035336224c9f1e37f58c5b531d34b9ed
- Cited by
- 4,558
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 377 · 2025: 333 · 2024: 267 · 2023: 311 · 2022: 355 · 2021: 399 · 2020: 389 · 2019: 358 · 2018: 272 · 2017: 301 · 2016: 255 · 2015: 273 · 2014: 243 · 2013: 184 · 2012: 166
- FWCI
- 100.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (publishedVersion)
- VU Research Portal (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh) (acceptedVersion)
- Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
- Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000005)
- National Institute on Aging (AG023641, AG 024827, K07AG023641, P30AG024827, P30AG021332)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Frailty in Older Adults
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Keywords
- walking speed, survival, older adults, life expectancy, physical performance, mortality prediction, goals of care, community-dwelling older adults
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Female, Gait, Humans, Life Expectancy, Male, United States, Cohort Studies, Geriatric Assessment, Survival Analysis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-09-28, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-09-28 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
