Cited by 171Suicide and Self-Harm StudiesInjury Epidemiology and PreventionHomicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse

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Trends in emergency department visits for nonfatal self-inflicted injuries among youth aged 10 to 24 years in the United States, 2001–2015.

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Mercado, Melissa C., Holland, Kristin, Leemis, Ruth W., Stone, Deborah M., Wang, Jing·2017·JAMA

DOI 10.1001/jama.2017.13317PMC PMC5753998

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Abstract

This health services epidemiology study uses National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database data to characterize trends in hospital emergency department visits for nonfatal self-inflicted injuries among US youth aged 10 to 24 years from 2001 through 2015.

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“In the United States (US), multiple studies have reported an increase in adolescent and young people’s depression, anxiety, loneliness, nonfatal self-inflicted injury and, suicidal ideations, suicide attempt, suicide, and a decline in subjective well-being around the period 20052018 (Curtin et al., 2016; Goodwin et al…”
Background
The intersection of race, ethnicity, and gender and the prevalence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors
Kernan, A. R., Jones, M. S., Lehmann, P. S., & Meldrum, R. C. (2023) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102426 · Cited by 13
The relationship between early maladaptive schemas and the functions of self-injurious behaviour in youth
Nicol, A., Mak, A. S., Murray, K., & Kavanagh, P. S. (2022) · Clinical Psychologist · doi:10.1080/13284207.2022.2046976 · Cited by 13
Repeat Self-Inflicted Injury Among U.S. Youth in a Large Medical Claims Database
Peterson, C., Xu, L., Leemis, R. W., & Stone, D. M. (2019) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2018.09.009 · Cited by 12
United States national trends in prevalence of major depressive episode and co-occurring suicidal ideation and treatment resistance among adults
Voelker, J., Kuvadia, H., Cai, Q., Wang, K., Daly, E., Pesa, J. A., Connolly, N., Sheehan, J. J., & Wilkinson, S. T. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders Reports · doi:10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100172 · Cited by 12
Mental well-being trends and school-based protective factors among adolescents in British Columbia (2015–2022): A population-based study
Oberle, E., Ji, X. R., Molyneux, T. M., Guhn, M., Forer, B., Thomson, K., Alkawaja, M., Kassan, A., & Gadermann, A. (2025) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2025.118201 · Cited by 13
Anxiety in today’s children and young adults
Kuzujanakis, M. (2020) · Gifted Education International · doi:10.1177/0261429420934445 · Cited by 10
Applying an ecosocial framework to address racial disparities in suicide risk among black youth
Cohen, D., Lindsey, M. A., & Lochman, J. E. (2021) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.22588 · Cited by 12
Prevalence rate trends of borderline personality disorder symptoms and self-injurious behaviors in college students from 2017 to 2021
Min, J., Hein, K. E., Medlin, A. R., & Mullins‐Sweatt, S. N. (2023) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2023.115526 · Cited by 10
Using a Digital Mental Health Intervention for Crisis Support and Mental Health Care Among Children and Adolescents With Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors: Retrospective Study
Lawrence‐Sidebottom, D., Huffman, L. G., Beam, A. B., McAlister, K. L., Guerra, R., Parikh, A., Roots, M., & Huberty, J. (2024) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/54816 · Cited by 8
“Most cases of individuals presenting with SITBs are addressed by emergency departments (EDs) that are not specialized in the treatment of SITBs [10,11], and many providers within these EDs report a limited capacity and expertise for treating mental health conditions [19].”
Background
Social Media and Depressive Symptoms
Twenge, J. M., Peeples, D. A., Shafi, R. M. A., Boers, E., Hale, L. E., & Weigle, P. E. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-69362-5_19 · Cited by 12
Risk and Protective Factors Associated with Self-Cutting Behavior Among Adolescents at First Contact with the Juvenile Court
Meza, J. I., Folk, J. B., Hoskins, D., Kemp, K. A., & Tolou‐Shams, M. (2023) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-023-01839-x · Cited by 8
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Use of Inpatient Behavioral Health Services by Children and Adolescents With Private Insurance Coverage
Teich, J. L., Mutter, R. L., Gibbons, B., Miller, K., Lynch, S. E., & Ali, M. M. (2018) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.201700493 · Cited by 8
Parental Attachment and Digital Self-Harm
Loes, C. N. (2022) · Deviant Behavior · doi:10.1080/01639625.2022.2150102 · Cited by 7
“…representative samples of adolescents reveal pronounced increases in the prevalence of self-harm resulting in hospitalization among this population, thus underscoring the urgency of better understanding self-harm generally (Duffy, Twenge, and Joiner 2019; Mercado et al. 2017; Twenge 2020).”
Background
Initiation of Opioid Prescription and Risk of Suicidal Behavior Among Youth and Young Adults
Fine, K. L., Rickert, M. E., O’Reilly, L. M., Sujan, A. C., Boersma, K., Chang, Z., Franck, J., Lichtenstein, P., Larsson, H., D'Onofrio, B. M., et al. (2022) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2020-049750 · Cited by 8
Clinical Characteristics of Adolescents Hospitalized Through Emergency Room for Intentional Self-Harm or Suicide Attempts
Yoon, T. Y., Lee, H. S., Son, J.-W., Kim, S. M., & Lee, J. J. (2022) · Journal of korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.5765/jkacap.220002 · Cited by 7
“Unlike previous studies, this study found that men used cutting or piercing more frequently than women [4,28].”
Alcohol Consumption and Suicidal Behavior: Current Research Evidence and Potential for Prevention
Kõlves, K., Crossin, R., & Witt, K. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-67928-6_61-1 · Cited by 9
High-risk group and functional subtypes of non-suicidal self-injury in young adults with mental disorders
Yan, H., Zhang, Y., Lu, Z., Li, M., Ge, Y., Mei, D., Kang, Z., Sun, Y., Li, Q., Yan, H., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1098178 · Cited by 7
Depression and Suicide Screening
Plemmons, G. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-66130-0.00011-9 · Cited by 8
Clinical Work With Clients Who Self-Injure: A Descriptive Study
Giordano, A. L., Lundeen, L. A., Scoffone, C. M., Kilpatrick, E. P., & Gorritz, F. B. (2020) · The Professional Counselor · doi:10.15241/ag.10.2.181 · Cited by 7
“Moreover, the examination of data from emergency room visits among youth in the United States (10–24 years of age) indicated a rise in non-fatal self-inflicted injury among females (with and without suicidal intent) from 2001 to 2015 (Mercado et al., 2017).”
BackgroundInfluential
Mass probation: Temporal and geographic correlation of county-level probation rates & mental health in North Carolina
LeMasters, K. H., Delamater, P. L., Brinkley‐Rubinstein, L., Edwards, J. K., Robinson, W. R., & Pence, B. W. (2023) · SSM - Mental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ssmmh.2023.100189 · Cited by 7
Navigating child and adolescent mental health in the digital age
Iorio, G. D., Esposito, D., Romano, S., Panvino, F., Altomonte, B., Conte, G., Casini, M. P., Terrinoni, A., Calderoni, D., Andò, R., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1514806 · Cited by 8
Self-Harm and Suicide-Related Content on TikTok: Thematic Analysis
Grant-Allen, G., Wang, L., Amini, J., Dhaliwal, S., Sinyor, M., & Mitchell, R. H. B. (2025) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/77828 · Cited by 9
“Rates of self-harm among youth have also risen since 2008 in several industrialized countries, including the United States, Canada, Australia, and the United Kingdom [6-10].”
RESCUE Collaborative Community: A New Initiative to Reduce Rates of Intended Self-Injury and Suicide Among People with Diabetes
Barnard-Kelly, K. D., Majidi, S., Clements, M. A., Battelino, T., Renard, É., Close, K. L., Novak, L. M., Kar, P. S., Wu, Y., & Community, O. B. O. T. R. C. (2022) · Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1089/dia.2021.0474 · Cited by 6
The influence of peer non-suicidal self-harm on young adults’ urges to self-harm: experimental study
Pitman, A., Lowther, M., Pike, A. C., Davies, J., de Cates, A. N., Buckman, J. E. J., & Robinson, O. J. (2023) · Acta Neuropsychiatrica · doi:10.1017/neu.2023.51 · Cited by 6
“Its prevalence is rising among adolescents in high-income countries (Mercado et al ., 2017; Borschmann & Kinner, 2019; McManus et al ., 2019; Cybulski et al ., 2021).”
Monitoring suicide-related events using National Syndromic Surveillance Program data
Zwald, M. L., Holland, K. M., Annor, F., Kite-Powell, A., Sumner, S. A., Bowen, D. A., Vivolo-Kantor, A. M., Stone, D. M., & Crosby, A. E. (2019) · Online Journal of Public Health Informatics · doi:10.5210/ojphi.v11i1.9927 · Cited by 6
“From 2001 to 2016, ED visit rates for nonfatal self-harm, a common risk factor for suicide, increased 42% [2-4].”
Background
Characteristics Associated With Serious Self-Harm Events in Children and Adolescents
Sekmen, M., Grijalva, C. G., Zhu, Y., Williams, D. J., Feinstein, J. A., Stassun, J. C., Johnson, J. A., Tanguturi, Y. C., Gay, J. C., & Antoon, J. W. (2023) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2022-059817 · Cited by 6
Predictors of suicide coping self‐efficacy among youth presenting to a psychiatric emergency department
Arango, A., Czyz, E. K., Magness, C. S., Hong, V., Smith, T., Kettley, J., & Foster, C. E. (2023) · Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior · doi:10.1111/sltb.12966 · Cited by 6
The rise in mortality due to intentional self-poisoning by medicines in Brazil between 2003 and 2022: relationship with regional and global crises
de Souza, M. L. P., Orellana, J. D. Y., Jesus, F. O., & Horta, B. L. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1428674 · Cited by 5

Authors: Mercado, M. C., Holland, K., Leemis, R. W., Stone, D. M., & Wang, J.
Affiliations: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
Corresponding author: Mercado, Melissa C.
ORCID: Mercado, Melissa C.
Holland, Kristin
Leemis, Ruth W.
Wang, Jing
Venue: JAMA
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 2017-11-21
Volume: 318
Issue: 19
Pages: 1931
ISSN: 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
0098-7484
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2017.13317
PMC: PMC5753998
OpenAlex: W2770724157
Cited by: 170
References: 4
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 1
FWCI: 25.37
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: JAMA (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (CC999999)
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Injury Epidemiology and Prevention
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
Keywords: self-harm, suicide attempts, emergency department visits, youth, adolescents, young adults, injury trends, National Electronic Injury Surveillance System, hospital utilization
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Child, Emergency Service, Hospital, Female, Humans, Male, Suicide, Attempted, United States, Self-Injurious Behavior, Young Adult

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Trends in emergency department visits for nonfatal self-inflicted injuries among youth aged 10 to 24 years in the United States, 2001–2015.

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