The DOI matches its Crossref record; 63 of the 67 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Association of Thyroid Hormone Therapy With Quality of Life and Thyroid-Related Symptoms in Patients With Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Open accessAbstract
Importance: The benefit of thyroid hormone therapy for subclinical hypothyroidism is uncertain. New evidence from recent large randomized clinical trials warrants an update of previous meta-analyses. Objective: To conduct a meta-analysis of the association of thyroid hormone therapy with quality of life and thyroid-related symptoms in adults with subclinical hypothyroidism. Data Sources: PubMed, EMBASE, ClinicalTrials.gov, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CENTRAL, Emcare, and Academic Search Premier from inception until July 4, 2018. Study Selection: Randomized clinical trials that compared thyroid hormone therapy with placebo or no therapy in nonpregnant adults with subclinical hypothyroidism were eligible. Two reviewers independently evaluated eligibility based on titles and abstracts of all retrieved studies. Studies not excluded in this first step were independently assessed for inclusion after full-text evaluation by 2 reviewers. Data Extraction and Synthesis: Two independent reviewers extracted data, assessed risk of bias (Cochrane risk-of-bias tool), and evaluated the quality of evidence (GRADE tool). For synthesis, differences in clinical scores were transformed (eg, quality of life) into standardized mean differences (SMDs; positive values indicate benefit of thyroid hormone therapy; 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 correspond to small, moderate, and large effects, respectively). Random-effects models for meta-analyses were applied. Main Outcomes and Measures: General quality of life and thyroid-related symptoms after a minimum follow-up of 3 months. Results: Overall, 21 of 3088 initially identified publications met the inclusion criteria, with 2192 adults randomized. After treatment (range, 3-18 months), thyroid hormone therapy was associated with lowering the mean thyrotropin value into the normal reference range compared with placebo (range, 0.5-3.7 mIU/L vs 4.6 to 14.7 mIU/L) but was not associated with benefit regarding general quality of life (n = 796; SMD, -0.11; 95% CI, -0.25 to 0.03; I2=66.7%) or thyroid-related symptoms (n = 858; SMD, 0.01; 95% CI, -0.12 to 0.14; I2=0.0%). Overall, risk of bias was low and the quality of evidence assessed with the GRADE tool was judged moderate to high. Conclusions and Relevance: Among nonpregnant adults with subclinical hypothyroidism, the use of thyroid hormone therapy was not associated with improvements in general quality of life or thyroid-related symptoms. These findings do not support the routine use of thyroid hormone therapy in adults with subclinical hypothyroidism.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“large RCTs have shown no improvement in hypothyroid symptoms or quality of life (QoL) in older patients with subclinical hypothyroidism during treatment with levothyroxine. 15 -17”
From Use of liothyronine (T3) in hypothyroidism: Joint British Thyroid Association/Society for endocrinology consensus statement (2023) · cites this paper as [17]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“This advice will prevent dissatisfaction with the outcome of LT4 treatment, as a recent meta-analysis showed that treatment of subclinical hypothyroidism does not improve clinical symptoms such as overweight [52].”
From T4+T3 Combination Therapy: An Unsolved Problem of Increasing Magnitude and Complexity (2021) · cites this paper as [52]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“A meta-analysis among nonpregnant adults with subclinical hypothyroidism showed the use of thyroid hormone therapy was not associated with improvements in general QoL or thyroid-related symptoms [52].”
From T4+T3 Combination Therapy: An Unsolved Problem of Increasing Magnitude and Complexity (2021) · cites this paper as [52]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“I would exclude patients who initially were treated because of subclinical hypothyroidism, as treatment is unlikely to improve their symptoms [52].”
From T4+T3 Combination Therapy: An Unsolved Problem of Increasing Magnitude and Complexity (2021) · cites this paper as [52]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“More recently, it has become clear from placebo-controlled RCTs that the use of thyroid hormone in subclinical hypothyroidism is not associated with improvements in QoL or thyroid-related symptoms [52].”
From T4+T3 Combination Therapy: An Unsolved Problem of Increasing Magnitude and Complexity (2021) · cites this paper as [52]
In the citing paper
“A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) showed no symptomatic benefits of Levothyroxine in adults with subclinical hypothyroidism [56].”
From Age-related variation in thyroid function – a narrative review highlighting important implications for research and clinical practice (2023) · cites this paper as [56]
In the citing paper
“A recent (2018), high quality meta-analysis of 21 randomised, placebocontrolled trials of LT4 (N = 2192 subclinically hypothyroid adults) focussed on QoL and thyroid-related symptoms and confirmed a lack of improvement with LT4 in these subjective endpoints”
From Pharmacodynamic and Therapeutic Actions of Levothyroxine (2021) · cites this paper as [129]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6 · Cited by 88,282
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & for the PRISMA Group (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b2535 · Cited by 83,823
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & The PRISMA Group (2009) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097 · Cited by 64,042
Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test
Egger, M., Smith, G. D., Schneider, M., & Minder, C. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629 · Cited by 56,722
Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA Statement.
(2009) · PubMed Central · Cited by 44,859
An inventory for measuring depression
BECK, A. T. (1961) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004 · Cited by 38,032
Hirono, N., Mori, E., Ikejiri, Y., Imamura, T., Shimomura, T., Hashimoto, M., Yamashita, H., & Ikeda, M. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 21,012
Kok, J. S., Berg, I. J., & Scherder, E. J. A. (2013) · Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra · doi:10.1159/000353441 · Cited by 20,589
Older Adults' Reasons for Using Technology while Aging in Place
Peek, S. T. M., Luijkx, K. G., Rijnaard, M. D., Nieboer, M. E., van der Voort, C. S., Aarts, S., van Hoof, J., Vrijhoef, H. J., & Wouters, E. (2015) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000430949 · Cited by 19,852
Sensitivity and False Alarm Rate of a Fall Sensor in Long-Term Fall Detection in the Elderly
Kangas, M., Korpelainen, R., Vikman, I., Nyberg, L., & Jämsä, T. J. (2014) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000362720 · Cited by 19,007
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Ciconelli, 1999, Brazilian-Portuguese version of the SF-36: a reliable and valid quality of life outcome measure., Rev Bras Reumatol, 143
- Wechsler, 1997, Wechsler Memory Scale
- Golding, 1989, The Middlesex Elderly Assessment of Mental State
- Medical Research Council, 1992, The Speed and Capacity of Language-Processing Test
- Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care. Data collection form: EPOC resources for review authors. Oslo: Norwegian Knowledge Centre for the Health Services; 2017. https://epoc.cochrane.org/sites/epoc.cochrane.org/files/public/uploads/Resources-for-authors2017/good_practice_data_extraction_form.doc. Accessed July 6, 2018.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–276 of 276
Subclinical hypothyroidism: doctors shouldn’t routinely prescribe hormones
Mahase, E. (2019) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.l2262 · Cited by 1
Commentary on Clin Endo Schypo and CVD Prediction
Hennessey, J. V. (2020) · Endocrine Practice · doi:10.4158/ep-2019-0477 · Cited by 1
Reducing the Over-Diagnosis of Thyroid Disease
Hennessey, J. V. (2025) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/annals-25-01333 · Cited by 1
Ab wann braucht die Schilddrüse Hilfe?
Medizin, S. (2018) · CME · doi:10.1007/s11298-018-6866-z
Four Potentially Practice-Changing Articles From 2018
Patterson, C. J. (2019) · Journal of the American Medical Directors Association · doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2019.01.138
Thyroid Hormone Therapy for Subclinical Hypothyroidism—Reply
Feller, M., Rodondi, N., & Dekkers, O. M. (2019) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2018.20006
Self-citationDecreased Threshold for Initiating L-T 4 Therapy in a Primary Care Population Over a 15-Year Period
Guan, H. (2019) · Clinical Thyroidology · doi:10.1089/ct.2019;31.224-226
The Controversy Continues Regarding the Management of Subclinical Hypothyroidism
Toft, D. J. (2019) · Clinical Thyroidology · doi:10.1089/ct.2019;31.285-287
Schilddrüsenerkrankungen in der Peri- und Postmenopause
Mondorf, A. W., Meyer, G., & Bojunga, J. (2019) · Der Gynäkologe · doi:10.1007/s00129-019-4490-y
Does treating subclinical hypothyroidism improve patients' quality of life?
Ludemann, M., & Cammarano, J. (2020) · Evidence-Based Practice · doi:10.1097/ebp.0000000000000722
Monteiro, G., Richards, J., & Taylor, A. (2020) · Evidence-Based Practice · doi:10.1097/ebp.0000000000001123
Schilddrüsenerkrankungen in der Peri- und Postmenopause
Mondorf, A. W., Meyer, G., & Bojunga, J. (2021) · Journal für Gynäkologische Endokrinologie/Schweiz · doi:10.1007/s41975-021-00186-z
La terapia dell’ipotiroidismo subclinico
Magri, F., Liboà, F., Bendotti, G., & Chiovato, L. (2021) · L Endocrinologo · doi:10.1007/s40619-021-00863-y
Levothyroxine Is Overprescribed More Than You Realize
Drake, T. C. (2021) · Clinical Thyroidology · doi:10.1089/ct.2021;33.339-341
An Individual-Participant Analysis of Thyroid Dysfunction and Cognition
Biondi, B. (2021) · Clinical Thyroidology · doi:10.1089/ct.2021;33.426-429
Valencia, W. M., & Florez, H. J. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-76271-1_20
Díaz-Soto, G., Fernández-Velasco, P., Torres, B., Gómez, J. J. L., Calvo, S. G., & Román, D. D. L. (2022) · Endocrinología Diabetes y Nutrición · doi:10.1016/j.endinu.2021.11.008
Strategies for improved management of hypothyroidism
Hoang (2022) · The Journal of Family Practice · doi:10.12788/jfp.0378
Hormontherapie verbesserte Lebensqualität bei subklinischer Hypothyreose nicht
(2021) · Allgemeinmedizin up2date · doi:10.1055/a-1330-4914
Zhang, Y., Li, C., Lin, R., Feng, Y., Zhang, F., & Zhang, G. (2022) · PubMed Central
Nam, H., Yoon, Y. S., Yang, Y. J., Lee, E. S., Lee, J. H., Kook, H., & Kwon, H. J. (2022) · Korean Journal of Family Practice · doi:10.21215/kjfp.2022.12.5.333
Alcaraz, J. S., & Lares, R. M. R. (2023) · Revista Medica Sinergia · doi:10.31434/rms.v8i2.962
Thakur, A. (2023) · Qeios · doi:10.32388/48eece
Thakur, A. (2023) · Qeios · doi:10.32388/48eece.2
University Students’ Levels of Well-Being, Social Media Usage, Self-Control, and Insomnia in Turkey
KASAPOĞLU, F. (2023) · Kuramsal Eğitimbilim · doi:10.30831/akukeg.1142221
Саламадзе, О. О., & Бабинец, Л. С. (2023) · Family medicine European practices · doi:10.30841/2786-720x.1.2023.277484
Hipotiroidismo subclínico y depresión en el adulto mayor
Saquinaula, M. D. S., Guerrero, J. J. G., Orta, P. R. A., & Martínez, R. C. G. (2023) · RECIMUNDO · doi:10.26820/recimundo/7.(2).jun.2023.356-364
Amrani, M. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-65371-5_19
PECULIARITIES OF THE COURSE OF CARDIOVASCULAR PATHOLOGY IN SUBCLINICAL HYPOTHYROIDISM
Kuznetsova, O. E., Kruzhalin, E. E., Кутелев, Г. Г., Cherkashin, D. V., & Nikashin, A. N. (2023) · Translational Medicine · doi:10.18705/2311-4495-2023-10-3-209-222
Otto, S., Horneber, M., & Weis, J. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-64615-1_4
Kann, P. H. (2024) · Gynäkologische Endokrinologie · doi:10.1007/s10304-023-00554-x
Stijgend gebruik van levothyroxine in België
Boets, L., den Bruel, A. V., haecht, C. V., Cornelis, K., Debbaut, B., Ntahonganyira, R.-M., Flamaing, J., Stokx, J., & Decallonne, B. (2024) · Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde · doi:10.47671/tvg.79.23.122
Bushra, H., & Rashid, M. (2024) · Avicenna Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1055/s-0044-1788040
Exploring the potential of thyroid hormone therapy: Recent advancements and controversies
Sai, Y. R. K. M. (2024) · International Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.17352/ijcem.000059
L-Thyroxin bei Hypothyreose – absetzen oder nicht?
Kramer, M. R., Bleckwenn, M., Deutsch, T., Voigt, K., & Schübel, J. (2024) · Zeitschrift für Allgemeinmedizin · doi:10.1007/s44266-024-00291-9
Frequency of Dyslipidemia in Patients Having Subclinical Hypothyroidism
Iftikhar, M., Shah, M. M., Shah, N., Khattak, B., Khan, I. K., & Khan, S. J. (2024) · Journal of Gandhara Medical and Dental Science · doi:10.37762/jgmds.11-4.618
The Effects of Thyroid Status on Blood Pressure in a Diabetic Patient among the Saudi Population
Alqahtani, S. A. M. (2024) · King Khalid University journal of health sciences. · doi:10.4103/kkujhs.kkujhs_8_24
Guglielmi, R., Mian, C., Andreoli, C., Bagnasco, M., Boniardi, M., Menis, E. D., Rimini, M. L. D., Tina, D., Fiorentini, G., Locantore, P., et al. (2025) · L Endocrinologo · doi:10.1007/s40619-025-01601-4
Understanding Hypothyroidism: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Bhandari, P., Manandhar, L., & Kandel, D. (2025) · The American journal of patient health info. · doi:10.69512/ajphi.v1i2.68
A 23-Year-Old Primigravida at 8 Weeks’ Gestation with Fatigue, Constipation, and Cold Intolerance
Leon, J. (2025) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009413787.038
Thakur, A. (2023) · Qeios · doi:10.32388/48eece.3
Hypothyreose - Hausärztliche Diagnostik und Therapie
Schübel, J. (2025) · CME · doi:10.1007/s11298-025-4258-8
Hashimoto, K. (2025) · Clinical Thyroidology · doi:10.1089/ct.2025;37.242-244
Zafón, C., López, O. V., Martos, M. Á. C., Real, H. D. L. S., Revilla, B., Rife, O. O., Pérez-Troncoso, D., Citoler, B., & Arenal, J. M. C. (2025) · Journal of Medical Economics · doi:10.1080/13696998.2025.2563973
Vudu, S., & Nizamudeen, F. (2025) · World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, September 7 - 12, 2009, Munich, Germany · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-06497-4_8
Elmas, Ö., Kozan, R., & Başaran, Ö. A. (2025) · Medical Journal of Western Black Sea · doi:10.29058/mjwbs.1671819
Bednarczuk, T., Sugier, A., Attanasio, R., Nagy, E. V., Negro, R., Papini, E., Žarković, M., Akarsu, E., Alevizaki, M. K., Ayvaz, G., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2025.1713814
Bauer, B. S., Azcoaga-Lorenzo, A., Agrawal, U., & McCowan, C. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16916436
Benea, C., Turner, K. A., Roseman, M., Bero, L. A., Lexchin, J., Turner, E. H., & Thombs, B. D. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12101844
Bauer, B. S., Azcoaga-Lorenzo, A., Agrawal, U., & McCowan, C. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16916433
Bauer, B. S., Azcoaga-Lorenzo, A., Agrawal, U., & McCowan, C. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16916427
Benea, C., Turner, K. A., Roseman, M., Bero, L. A., Lexchin, J., Turner, E. H., & Thombs, B. D. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.12101838
Bauer, B. S., Azcoaga-Lorenzo, A., Agrawal, U., & McCowan, C. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16916430
Zhang, R., Zhou, Y., Wang, S. L., Li, F., Zhao, X., Jia, B., Li, X., Yang, J., Yang, L., Yu, H., et al. (2026) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2025.1710962
Subclinical hypothyroidism and its clinical relevance in routine practice
Alharbi, S. A., Hassan, W. A., Rashoud, A. M. A., Alkhudhair, S. I., Altawash, O. J., Shukr, F. A., Rashoud, A. M. A., Saleem, R., Alharthi, S. A., Mahzara, A. M., et al. (2026) · International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health · doi:10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20260150
Wang, Y., Zhu, J., Li, Z., Yu, F., Fu, Y., Gao, H., Wang, M., Yuan, L., Zheng, L., & He, Q. (2026) · Cell Transplantation · doi:10.1177/09636897261418754
Thomas, C., & Jacob, P. (2026) · JOURNAL OF ADVANCE AND FUTURE RESEARCH · doi:10.56975/jaafr.v4i4.506412
Wang, Y., Zainuddin, Z. A., & Yin, H. (2026) · Psycho-Oncologie · doi:10.18282/po4174
Omoteso, O., Sibanda, U., Zhou, A.-A., Melamane, S., Sibiya, N. H., Ndzamba, B., & Egunlusi, A. (2026) · SA pharmaceutical journal. · doi:10.36303/sapj.4384
徐, 郝. (2026) · Advances in Clinical Medicine · doi:10.12677/acm.2026.1651864
Less Can Be More: Pragmatic Levothyroxine Use in the Elderly in the Era of Deprescribing
Kamrul-Hasan, A. B. M., Ahammed, A., Saifuddin, M., & Selim, S. (2026) · AACE Endocrinology and Diabetes · doi:10.1016/j.aed.2026.05.006
Gray-zone decisions in subclinical hypothyroidism: a qualitative analysis of ChatGPT responses
Vuraloğlu, E. (2026) · BMC Endocrine Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12902-026-02356-1
Yoon, J. H., Shin, D. Y., Kim, H. K., Attanasio, R., Papini, E., Perros, P., Nagy, E. V., Hegedűs, L. D., Kim, S. W., & Kang, H. (2026) · Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.3803/enm.2025.2868
Discontinuation of levothyroxine in older adults
BMJ Publishing Group Ltd (2026) · Drug and Therapeutics Bulletin · doi:10.1136/dtb.2026.000030
Thyroid dysfunction and cognitive function: a review
Shi, H., Han, Y., Zheng, Y., Zhang, M., Wang, M., & Wang, M. (2026) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2026.1843431
Elagib, M. A. H., Alamin, M. A., Ahmed, Y. O. A., Musa, I. E. M., Khaleifa, M. A., Elsamani, E. A. E. M., Najar, H., & Ahmed, A. (2026) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.114468
Galbiati, F., Wronski, M., Bitar, T., Bikas, A., Lamont, H., Hiranandani, S., Holman, K., Eddy, K. T., Asanza, E., Smith, S., et al. (2026) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgag291
Primary Hypothyroidism in Older Adults: Do Current Guidelines Need an Update?
Matyas, A., Ziajka, P., Zwolińska, A., Gaudynek-Sowała, A., Łapot, M., Szczepanek, G., Lurka, H., Zyskowska, A., Starczewski, M., Tomczak, A., et al. (2026) · Quality in Sport · doi:10.12775/qs.2026.77.76055
Peralta, M. M. G., Yaguana, M. B. V., Alarcón, W. A. Z., Zambrano, E. C. M., & Párraga, A. M. A. (2026) · Ciencia Unemi · doi:10.29076/issn.2528-7737vol19iss52.2026pp13-23p
Mohammed-Baqer, G. A., & Algburi, F. S. (2026) · Babcock University Medical Journal · doi:10.38029/babcockuniv.med.j..v9i3.1516
КЛИНИКО-НЕВРОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ АСПЕКТЫ ЦЕРЕБРАЛЬНЫХ НАРУШЕНИЙ У ПАЦИЕНТОВ С ГИПОТЕРИОЗОМ
Шерматова, Н. (2023) · Young Scientists · doi:10.70413/yo-v01-i12-p1-002
Improving Adequacy in Endocrine Practice: Reducing Low‐Value Care and Advancing Value‐Based Medicine
Díez, J. J. (2026) · Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/jep.70687
Subclinical Hypothyroidism: Who Should Be Treated and Who Can Be Observed?
Mareh, M. M. (2026) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.118302
Toloza, F. J. K., Ho, K., Burgos, N., Ospina, N. S., Maraka, S., Salloum, R. G., Hassett, L. C., Papaleontiou, M., Mammen, J. S., & Brito, J. P. (2026) · Thyroid · doi:10.1177/10507256261502928
Gonzales, C., Theisen, E., Sarau, A., Kim, J., Landek, D., Bianco, A. C., & Volgman, A. S. (2026) · medRxiv · doi:10.64898/2026.10.30.26366962
Metadata
- Authors
- Feller, M., Snel, M., Moutzouri, E., Bauer, D. C., de Montmollin, M., Aujesky, D., Ford, I., Gussekloo, J., Kearney, P. M., Mooijaart, S., Quinn, T., Stott, D., Westendorp, R., Rodondi, N., & Dekkers, O. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Bern (CH)
- Leiden University (NL)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- University of Glasgow (GB)
- University College Cork (IE)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Corresponding author
- Feller, Martin
- ORCID
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2018-10-02
- Volume
- 320
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 1349
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- PMC
- PMC6233842
- OpenAlex
- W2894730508
- Cited by
- 266
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 42 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 4
- FWCI
- 4.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (publishedVersion)
- ENLIGHTEN (Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Islam) (acceptedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- Leiden Repository (Leiden University) (submittedVersion)
- Bern Open Repository and Information System (University of Bern) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (172676)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment
- Keywords
- subclinical hypothyroidism, thyroid hormone replacement, levothyroxine, quality of life, thyroid-stimulating hormone, TSH normalization, adults, risk of bias, quality of evidence, GRADE, standardized mean difference, risk of bias assessment
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Pressure, Humans, Hypothyroidism, Quality of Life, Thyrotropin, Thyroxine, Practice Guidelines as Topic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
